油脂工程专业英语练习题

《油脂工程专业英语》练习题

一、Translate the following technical terms into English.

1. 饱和脂肪酸

2. 油酸

3. 花生蛋白

4. 全脂豆粉

5. 分离蛋白

6. 棕榈油

7. 游离脂肪酸

8. 油脂分提

9.蛋白质功能性10. 油脂酯交换11. 甘三酯12. 酸值13. 氨基酸14. 溶剂浸出15. 压榨16. 蒸发

17. 汽提18. 过滤19. 离心机20. 等电点21皂22棉籽23 溶剂24 脱色25压榨26游离脂肪酸

27粕28脱壳29油脂30 碳水化合物

二、Translate the following technical terms into Chinese

1. diglyceride

2. lecithin

3. pigment

4. linolenic acid

5. saponification

6. cholesterol

7. wax 8. peroxide value 9. full-fat soybean flour 10. refined oil 11. emulsion stability

12. gelation 13. alkali refining 14. deodorization 15. water holding capacity 16. miscella

17. rapeseed oil 18. crude oil 19. edible oil 20. vegetable protein 21.triglyceride 22.tocopherol 23.esterification 24.unsaturation 25.oxidative stability 26.rancidity 27.deodorizer 28.meal

29.degummed oil 30.saponification 31.antioxidant 32.lipoxidase 33.moisture 34.vacuum

35. sesame 36.scavenger37.impurity 38.hydrophilic 39.isomer 40.degradation

三、Read the following materials carefully, and finish the questions

SECTION I

After solvent extraction, the soybeans were separated into two fractions -- oil and meal. Each one of the fractions is then further processed to yield a multitude of products and by-products, with practically no waste. For the oil fraction, in general, it is used to produce edible oil by a series of operations known as refining.

The first step in refining crude soybean oil is degumming, the removal of the phospholipids mainly. Degumming is necessary in order to prevent the separation and settling of gums (sticky, viscous oil-water emulsions stabilized by the phospholipids) during transportation and storage of crude oil. Crude oil is mixed thoroughly with a small amount of water and an acid (usually phosphoric acid). (1) Gums are formed and precipitated, carrying in the emulsion a certain amount of oil. They are separated by centrifugation, dried under vacuum and bleached. The resulting product consists approximately of 50% phospholipids and 50% oil.

Crude soybean oil contains typically 0.3 to 0.7% free fatty acids. In the chemical or alkali refining process, the most common process applied to soybean oil, the fatty acids are neutralized with alkali to form salts (soaps) insoluble in oil. (2) Treatment with alkali solutions also removes residues of phospholipids not removed by degumming and results in some degree of bleaching due to the destruction of some of the pigments or their adsorption by the heavy phase. The resulting aqueous soap solution, known as soap stock is removed from the neutralized oil by centrifugation.

The next step of refining is bleaching. Its purpose is to remove the yellow-orange carotenoid pigments and the green chlorophyll of the oil. The extent of bleaching depends on market requirements. (3) Bleaching is carried out by treating the oil with solid adsorbents such as activated earth or activated carbon