北京理工大学 数字信号处理 实验报告 程序

数字信号处理实验报告1.深入掌握应用DFT分析信号的频谱的理论方法，针对该问题进行一次全面综合练习，完成一个完整的信号分析软件实现方法和流程，这种全面完整的综合练习可以帮助学生深入理解和消化基本理论，锻炼学生独立解决问题的能力，培养学生的创新意识，为今后的科研和工作打下良好的实践基础。

2.综合利用数字信号处理的理论知识完成数字滤波器的设计与实现，完成一个完整的数字滤波器设计软件的实现方法和流程。

这种全面完整的综合练习可以帮助学生深入理解和消化基本理论，锻炼学生独立解决问题的能力，培养学生的创新意识，为今后的科研和工作打下良好的实践基础。

二、实验设备与环境计算机、MATLAB软件环境三、实验内容1.基于Matlab GUI的离散傅里叶变换分析2.基于Matlab GUI的数字滤波器分析设计1.基于Matlab GUI的离散傅里叶变换分析信号： t=1:100;x=2*sin(t/25*2*pi)+5*sin(t/5*2*pi);说明：输入信号从Matlab Command Windows中生成，通过变量名导入本软件，并可输出DFT变换后的结果，默认名为DFT_输入变量名。

2.基于Matlab GUI的数字滤波器分析设计IIR 低通：（巴特沃兹）IIR高通：（切比雪夫I）IIR带通：（切比雪夫II）IIR带阻：（椭圆滤波器）FIR低通：（矩形窗）FIR高通：（汉宁窗）FIR带通：(布莱克曼窗)FIR带阻：（凯瑟窗）五、程序界面设计及程序源代码1.基于Matlab GUI的离散傅里叶变换分析界面设计：程序代码：function varargout =SignalDFTSoftware(varargin)% SIGNALDFTSOFTWARE MATLAB code for SignalDFTSoftware.fig% SIGNALDFTSOFTWARE, by itself, creates a new SIGNALDFTSOFTWARE or raises the existing% singleton*.%% H = SIGNALDFTSOFTWARE returns the handle to a new SIGNALDFTSOFTWARE or the handle to% the existing singleton*.%%SIGNALDFTSOFTWARE('CALLBACK',hObject,even tData,handles,...) calls the local% function named CALLBACK in SIGNALDFTSOFTWARE.M with the given input arguments.%%SIGNALDFTSOFTWARE('Property','Value',...) creates a new SIGNALDFTSOFTWARE or raises the% existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are% applied to the GUI before SignalDFTSoftware_OpeningFcn gets called.An% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application% stop. All inputs are passed to SignalDFTSoftware_OpeningFcn via varargin. %% *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu. Choose "GUI allows only one% instance to run (singleton)".%% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES% Edit the above text to modify the response to help SignalDFTSoftware% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 26-Nov-2011 12:55:11% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDITgui_Singleton = 1;gui_State = struct('gui_Name',mfilename, ...'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ...'gui_OpeningFcn',@SignalDFTSoftware_OpeningFcn, ...'gui_OutputFcn',@SignalDFTSoftware_OutputFcn, ...'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ...'gui_Callback', []);if nargin&&ischar(varargin{1})gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1}); endif nargout[varargout{1:nargout}] =gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});elsegui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});end% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT% --- Executes just before SignalDFTSoftware is made visible.function SignalDFTSoftware_OpeningFcn(hObjec t, eventdata, handles, varargin)% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.% hObject handle to figure% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% varargin command line arguments to SignalDFTSoftware (see VARARGIN)% Choose default command line output for SignalDFTSoftwarehandles.output = hObject;% Update handles structure guidata(hObject, handles);% UIWAIT makes SignalDFTSoftware wait for user response (see UIRESUME)% uiwait(handles.figure1);% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.function varargout =SignalDFTSoftware_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);% hObject handle to figure% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% Get default command line output from handles structurevarargout{1} = handles.output;% --- If Enable == 'on', executes on mouse press in 5 pixel border.% --- Otherwise, executes on mouse press in 5 pixel border or over random.function random_ButtonDownFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to random (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% --- Executes on button press in random. function random_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to random (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLABglobal x;global x_flag;x=rand(1,50)*20-10;x_flag=1;if(x_flag)plot(handles.TD,0:(length(x)-1),x);end% --- Executes on button press in Delete.function Delete_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Delete (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLABglobal x;global X;global x_flag;global X_flag;x=0;X=0;x_flag=0;X_flag=0;plot(handles.TD,0,0);plot(handles.FD,0,0);% --- If Enable == 'on', executes on mouse press in 5 pixel border.% --- Otherwise, executes on mouse press in 5 pixel border or over Delete.function Delete_ButtonDownFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Delete (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% --- If Enable == 'on', executes on mouse press in 5 pixel border.% --- Otherwise, executes on mouse press in 5 pixel border or over Analyse.function Analyse_ButtonDownFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Analyse (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% --- Executes on button press in Analyse. function Analyse_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Analyse (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB global x;global X;global x_flag;global X_flag;if(x_flag)X=fft(x);X_flag=1;endif(X_flag)stem(handles.FD,linspace(0,2*pi,length(X)),abs( X));xlim(handles.FD,[0,2*pi])end% --- Executes on button press in Export. function Export_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Export (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLABglobal X;global X_flag;if(X_flag)assignin('base',get(handles.edit4,'String'),X); end% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.function text1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to text1 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns calledglobal x_flag;global X_flag;global x;global X;x_flag=0;X_flag=0;x=0;X=0;function name_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to name (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of name as text% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of name as a double% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.function name_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)if ispc&&isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor')) set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white'); end% --- Executes on button press in import. function import_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)global x;global x_flag;global signal_name;signal_name=get(,'String');x='empty';set(,'String','Notexist,Retry!');x=evalin('base',signal_name);set(,'String','Succeed');x_flag=1;if(x_flag)plot(handles.TD,0:(length(x)-1),x);endset(handles.edit4,'String',strcat('DFT_',signal_na me));function edit4_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)function edit4_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)if ispc&&isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor')) set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white'); endglobal signal_name;2.基于Matlab GUI的数字滤波器分析设计界面设计：程序设计：function varargout = filter(varargin)%EDIT By Yu Yizhe%V1.0%2011/11/20%all right reserve% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDITgui_Singleton = 1;gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ...'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ...'gui_OpeningFcn', @filter_OpeningFcn, ...'gui_OutputFcn', @filter_OutputFcn, ...'gui_LayoutFcn', [], ...'gui_Callback', []);if nargin&&ischar(varargin{1})gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1}); endif nargout[varargout{1:nargout}] =gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});elsegui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});end% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT% --- Executes just before filter is made visible. function filter_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.% hObject handle to figure% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% varargin unrecognizedPropertyName/PropertyValue pairs from the% command line (see VARARGIN)% Choose default command line output for filter handles.output = hObject;% Update handles structureguidata(hObject, handles);% UIWAIT makes filter wait for user response (see UIRESUME)% uiwait(handles.figure1);% --- Outputs from this function are returned tothe command line.function varargout = filter_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);% hObject handle to figure% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% Get default command line output from handles structurevarargout{1} = handles.output;function text1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)global ch1;global ch2;global ch31;global ch32;ch1=1;ch2=1;ch31=1;ch32=1;function IIRtype_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)global ch1;global ch2;global ch31;global ch32;ch31=get(hObject,'Value');function IIRtype_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)if ispc&&isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');endfunction e11_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)function e11_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)if ispc&&isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor')) set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white'); endfunction e12_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)function e12_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)if ispc&&isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor')) set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white'); endfunction e21_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)function e21_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)if ispc&&isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor')) set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white'); endfunction e22_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)function e22_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)if ispc&&isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor')) set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white'); endfunction e31_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)function e31_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)if ispc&&isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor')) set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white'); endfunction e32_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)function e32_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)if ispc&&isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor')) set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white'); endfunction e41_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)function e41_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)if ispc&&isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor')) set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white'); endfunction e42_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)function e42_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)if ispc&&isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor')) set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white'); endfunction generate_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)global ch1;global ch2;global ch31;global ch32;global typech;global w1p;global w1s;global w2p;global w2s;global rp;global rs;if ch1==1typech=ch1*100+ch2*10+ch31;elseif ch2==2typech=ch1*100+ch2*10+ch32;endw1p=str2num(get(handles.e11,'String'));w1s=str2num(get(handles.e12,'String'));w2p=str2num(get(handles.e21,'String'));w2s=str2num(get(handles.e22,'String'));rp=str2num(get(handles.e41,'String'));rs=str2num(get(handles.e42,'String')); Generate(handles);function FIRtype_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)global ch1;global ch2;global ch31;global ch32;ch32=get(hObject,'Value');function FIRtype_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)if ispc&&isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor')) set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white'); endfunction poptype_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)global ch1;global ch2;global ch31;global ch32;ch2=get(hObject,'Value');reprint(handles);function poptype_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)if ispc&&isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor')) set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white'); endfunction iirchoose_ButtonDownFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)function firchoose_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)global ch1;global ch2;global ch31;global ch32;if(get(handles.firchoose,'Value')==0)set(handles.iirchoose,'Value',1);set(handles.FIRtype,'Visible','off');set(handles.IIRtype,'Visible','on');ch1=1;endif(get(handles.firchoose,'Value')==1)set(handles.iirchoose,'Value',0);set(handles.FIRtype,'Visible','on');set(handles.IIRtype,'Visible','off');ch1=2;endreprint(handles);function firchoose_ButtonDownFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)function iirchoose_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)global ch1;global ch2;global ch31;global ch32;if(get(handles.iirchoose,'Value')==0)set(handles.firchoose,'Value',1);set(handles.FIRtype,'Visible','on');set(handles.IIRtype,'Visible','off');ch1=2;endif(get(handles.iirchoose,'Value')==1)set(handles.firchoose,'Value',0);set(handles.FIRtype,'Visible','off');set(handles.IIRtype,'Visible','on');ch1=1;endreprint(handles);function reprint(handles)global ch1;global ch2;global ch31;global ch32;temp=ch1*10+ch2;tempswitch tempcase {11,12}set(handles.add1,'Visible','off');set(handles.add2,'Visible','off');set(handles.e21,'Visible','off');set(handles.e22,'Visible','off');set(handles.pr,'Visible','on'); case{13,14}set(handles.add1,'Visible','on');set(handles.add2,'Visible','on');set(handles.e21,'Visible','on');set(handles.e22,'Visible','on');set(handles.pr,'Visible','on'); case{21,22},set(handles.add1,'Visible','off');set(handles.add2,'Visible','off');set(handles.e21,'Visible','off');set(handles.e22,'Visible','off');case{23,24},set(handles.add1,'Visible','on');set(handles.add2,'Visible','on');set(handles.e21,'Visible','on');set(handles.e22,'Visible','on');otherwisefprintf('switch error\n');endfunction Generate(handles)global ch1;global ch2;global ch31;global ch32;global typech;global w1p;global w1s;global w2p;global w2s;global rp;global rs;N=0;Wn=0;Wp=0;Wst=0;Rp=0;As=0;ftype='a';b=0;a=0;switch ch2case 1,ftype='low';case 2,ftype='high';case 3,ftype='bandpass';case 4,ftype='stop';endswitch ch2case {1,2}Wp=w1p;Wst=w1s;Rp=rp;As=rs;case {3,4}Wp=[w2p w1p];Wst=[w2s w1s];Rp=rp;As=rs;endswitch ch1 %IIR case 1,switch ch31case 1,[N,Wn]=buttord(Wp,Wst,Rp,As);[b,a]=butter(N,Wn,ftype); case 2,[N,Wn]=cheb1ord(Wp,Wst,Rp,As);[b,a]=cheby1(N,Rp,Wn,ftype);case 3,[N,Wn]=cheb2ord(Wp,Wst,Rp,As);[b,a]=cheby2(N,As,Wn,ftype); case 4,[N,Wn]=ellipord(Wp,Wst,Rp,As);[b,a]=ellip(N,Rp,As,Wn,ftype);endprint4(a,b,handles);case 2 %FIR tranbw=0;N=0;hw=0;Wn=(Wp+Wst)/2;switch ch32case 1, %Rectangular tranbw=1.8;N=ceil(tranbw/abs(w1s-w1p))+1;hw=boxcar(N);case 2, %Hanning tranbw=6.2;N=ceil(tranbw/abs(w1s-w1p))+1;hw=hanning(N);case 3, %Hamming tranbw=6.6;N=ceil(tranbw/abs(w1s-w1p))+1;hw=hamming(N);case 4, %Blackman tranbw=11;N=ceil(tranbw/abs(w1s-w1p))+1;hw=blackman(N);case 5, %KaiserN=(rs-7.95)/2.285/abs(w1s-w1p)+1;N=ceil(N);if (rs>=50)BTA=0.1102*(rs-8.7); elseif(rs>21)BTA=0.5842*(rs-21)^0.4+0.07886*(rs-21);elseBTA=0.5;endhw=kaiser(N,BTA);endh=fir1(N-1,Wn,ftype,hw');print4(h,N,handles);endfunction print4(a,b,handles)global ch1;if(ch1==1) %IIRw=[0:500]*pi/500;axes(handles.axes1);H=freqz(b,a,w);plot(handles.axes1,w/pi,abs(H)); xlabel('\Omega(\pi)');ylabel('|H(j\Omega)|');%axis ([0,0.5,0,1]);axes(handles.axes2);plot(handles.axes2,w/pi,20*log10((abs(H))/max(a bs(H))));xlabel('\Omega(\pi)');ylabel('|H(j\Omega)|,dB');% axis([0,0.5,-30,0]);axes(handles.axes3);plot(handles.axes3,w/pi,angle(H)/pi); xlabel('\Omega(\pi)');ylabel('Phase of H(j\Omega)(\pi)');%axis([0,0.5,-1,1]);t=0:30;axes(handles.axes4);h=impulse(b,a,t);stem(handles.axes4,t,h);xlabel('n');ylabel('Impulse Response');elseif(ch1==2) %FI RN=b;h=a;[H,w]=freqz(h,1);axes(handles.axes1);plot(handles.axes1,w/pi,abs(H)); xlabel('\Omega(\pi)');ylabel('|H(j\Omega)|');%axis ([0,0.5,0,1]);axes(handles.axes2);plot(handles.axes2,w/pi,20*log10((abs(H))/max(a bs(H))));xlabel('\Omega(\pi)');ylabel('|H(j\Omega)|,dB');% axis([0,0.5,-30,0]);axes(handles.axes3);plot(handles.axes3,w/pi,angle(H)/pi); xlabel('\Omega(\pi)');ylabel('Phase ofH(j\Omega)(\pi)');%axis([0,0.5,-1,1]);t=0:N-1;axes(handles.axes4);stem(handles.axes4,t,h);xlabel('n');ylabel('Impulse Response');end六、实验总结这次的数字信号处理实验非常有意义，让我学会了用计算机进行数字信号处理，计算各种参数，绘制出信号的波形，频谱。