国外大学教育的弊端

Some Problems in China’s Higher Education□1.As we know, a good education should train students to think for themselves, but the value outlook(观念) of traditional education pays much attention to the examination system. Thi s not only can’t m otivate students to learn widely, but also deprive the teacher of all freedom.2 There is less relationship between the theories and practices. What we have been learning (现在正在进行时)now in a lot of time is the knowledge of the theories, which maybe underlie the students of the basic knowledge, but at the same time, it also makes students lose a lot of opportunities to discover and implement patterns by themselves in practice, and in the end leads them to be unfamiliar with realistic development of social environment.3 many schools put more and more emphasis on competence education. Commitment has been diminishing day by day. Now the highlight among higher school students is how to complete their needed course and earn credits. The students, as well as the school, are devoting their energies to the pursuit of material or personal development now or in future, and commitment seems increasingly disappear in their daily life. To serve for others or society seems a dated idealism.（过时的思想）4. independent innovation should be greatly encouraged. But now there are so many falsifications（虚假）and cribbing （剽窃）in all parts of science researches in Higher Education Institutions. So, a heavy blow should be struck on cribbing and more measures should be taken to stimulate independent innovation.5. The financing system should be reformed. The old system in which the funding of higher education depended on the government only need changing and a new system capable of pooling resources from diverse channels should be gradually established.6. Also, the practical research and development in the light of economic construction of our country should be emphasized and at the same time strengthening the basic research. For example, we could establish high-tech enterprises run by universities and combine industry, teaching and research together to turn the scientific research fruits into real productivity and spread them to the whole society.7.In addition, the centralized(集中的) management system of higher education should be reformed. In this system, schools lack the flexibility and autonomy to provide education according to the needs of the society.We should smooth the relationship among government, society and universities, setting up and perfecting （完善）a new system in which the state is responsible for the overall planning and macro management while the universities follow the laws and enjoy the autonomy to provide education according to needs of the society.（按照社会的需求）How can we solve the problems in higher education?Nevertheless, compare to the reality, the students have low ability, the professors cheat in the academic research, the universities chase for high profits. The problems we are facing in the education system make us be far from the standards of an excellent university. So, how can we achieve our goals in the high education system? We canconsider it as following aspects.In the first place, for the main and most important purpose is to cultivate the talents, then the competent ability of instructors and teachers become dominated. In the lecture Science as A V ocation, Marx Weber told us his attitude to the scholars or college teachers. In Weber's eyes, the scholars at that time like machines who produced the scientific productivity under the university bureaucratic system and he said a real scholar or professor need to dedicate himself to scientific world. Only those people who hold scientific spirit can devote to the scientific career. At the same time, a scholar should take the self-responsibility. A professor needs to be responsible to his behaviors. He need to realize his judgment to his research may lead to kinds of possibilities. He also should be responsible to the students to teach them knowledge, scientific spirit aswell as the moral obligations. Responsibility become the key character to scholars. In addition, professors need to be generous and tolerated. As the scientific result will soon out of dated in years.It is a cruel by facing the achievement out of season(已过时, 不合时宜, 失去时机).Thus,a professor need to be tolerate but not cheating in the scientific area. This is what science is and it is the main impetus(n.推动力, 刺激) of advanced society.If the professors in university hold strict to teaching and research,the quality of cultivating talents would make a big progress.Generally,those scholars need to take science as vocation seriously.Except the scholars and professors,the administration of universities also need to take some measures to change the university's image to the public.First and foremost,the university administrators should get rid ofthe bureaucratism(官僚主义).In the 19th century,the universities in many countries secularized ( 使世俗化)but not only the pure purpose of previous academic study.The Clark bureaucracy was adopted and became a way of administrating.It works well when it became an efficient way of management of university.But when it started to affect the academic study,it may do harm to university's development than the benefits.The direction of scholars may be effected wrongly by the administration because the limited research fund.Also,the guiding principle for running a school can be affected by the officials.In this way,the administrators can completely change the development direction of a university.When the university is commercialized,the bureaucracy in the academic area just make it worse.Then,the higher education administrators takesome practical measures to get the trust from the public back.At the beginning of April this year,the ministry of education launched an act that universities need to expose the open rate of using the tuition.In my opinion,this will be effective to change the image of high tuition in the system.The government also can adopt more steps to reform the management of higher education.Beyond the professors' ability and administrations of universities,another part in the education system is the students.If the university today just offers the professional workers for the markets ,there will no difference to those vocational and technical colleges.What a university student need is the humanistic education or liberal arts. He need to know the value of life,the meaning of living and the meaning of freedom.Through the university,he can become a personwith literacy,mortality and knowledge.He need to have his own judgement,values,mind and virtue.Those couldn't be offered by professional education.A qualified student must have been affected by the humanities.Some universities offer students the general education in the first two years and the students can choose the curriculum according to their interests.However,the limited development of humanities in some universities couldn't offer the students enough nourishment.This situation need the students to learn more themselves and to be a university student with humanities.Furthermore,self-discipline is also necessary to university student.With the college expansion in 1997,the higher education is no longer so-called elitist( [ei'li:tist] 杰出人物，精英) education.We couldn't expect to get much from the curriculum in universities.The professors couldn't teach us all and weneed be strict to ourselves to adapt the development of society.The arrangement of curriculum in university give us more spare time.If we kill the time by entertainment,we may lose the precious opportunities to develop ourselves.Humane and self-discipline are essencial to university students.Besides the central position of students and teachers,the support of society is also a stimulus to the development of advanced education.First of all,the government's strong financial support is principal.The construction of a university need large sum of money include the tuition of students,the donation and the government fund.The salary of professors and the research fund all need the support from the government.The problem of fund is always become a obstacle in the process of development.If the university have a strong support,those professors would not have tostruggle with the limited research fund and the commercial factors may less affect the academic study.What's more,the public couldn't urge the universities to improve in a short period of time or give them much pressure.The public can pay a close attention on universities and give them proper suggestions.We still have a long way to go to develop the high education,so the long-term support from the public becoming definitely predominant.To sum up,higher education matters the future development of a country,it needs the attention of the society.Everyone in the system should take the responsibility of its own.The professors,the students,the university administrators,the government and public,each parts in the system should be aware of their function of university and cooperate with each other very well.Cultivate the talents,develop the science and servethe society are three goals we need to remember when we solve the problems of higher education.Just what Harry Lewis said "But there are some values that transcend universities' distinctions."The obligation we have to try to leave the world a better place than we found it.The universities should be excellent with a soul by collected all the strength in the system together.How to Bring Competence to CommitmentAs Ernest Boyer has said in the article "From competence to Commitment", our age has become an age full of changes and uncertainty. In order to make our planet better and better, as college students, what we should do is nothing but to bring competence to commitment. For this purpose, we can try our best from the following three aspects.First of all, we need to make good use of our educational chances. As we know, knowledge is power. Without knowledge, how can we make any commitment? So, only by working hard can we get real competence. However, that doesn't mean we should only focus on our credits and examination results. Those are just very limited part of our competence. We should learn things which are useful for the world, for our nation, and at least for helping others. And we should not only work hard on our books and school works, but more importantly, we should take every chance to learn from others and different wall of life. So, we can say, being well-informed is the basic step to make any commitment.Second, we should care about others. It is warm and nice leaving on the earth----not just for the sunshine, but for the love. Humans can't grow up without others' care and love. So, if we want our lives better, we need love aswell as giving love. Emotional factors definitely will make critical influence to our competence. If people receive love from others, they will feel full of energy to work. What's more, people will share the happiness from caring others. Otherwise, it's terrible to imagine how the society will be if all the people are selfish and only pay attentions to self-interests. Last aspect,which is most import, is that we should have national and global perspective. Ernest Boyer told us, that in the past half century, our planet has become vastly more crowded, more interdependent, and unstable. Without knowing adequately about that first, we even have no idea about what commitment can we and should we make. Today, huge numbers of problems are waiting to be settled. For example, the greenhouse effect is becoming more serious, both air and water have been polluted badly, and the arms race seems difficult to be brought under control...All the problems need us well-informed students to work on. In order to have such wide perspective, we should know consciously that we are part of the world, only we better the world can the world better our lives. And from this perspective, we can know exactly the orients we make commitment to. In a word, as long as we gain enough useful knowledge, bring our love to people who need it, and build up a global perspective, we can be the most powerful group to bring competence to commitment successfully.。