医学英语词汇

Affixes for organs and body parts (p39)
arthro- joint
arthritis arthralgia arthrolysis arthropathy arthrocele
cardio-，-cardium heart
cardiovascular cardialgia myocardium pericardium epicardium precardium
cysto- urinary, bladder
cystitis cystolith cystodynia cystocele cystopyelitis
cholecysto gall bladder
cholecystitis cholecystectomy cholecystalgia cholecystocele cholecystomsy cholecystogastrostomy
entero- , -entery intestine
enteritis enterorrhagia enteroscopy enterobactin
gastro- stomach
gastritis gastrocele gastrointestinal gastropathy gastrodynia
hepato- liver
hepatitis B hepatoma hepatologist hepatic
myo- muscle
myocardium myoma myoblast myodynia myocarditis
nephro- ,reno- kidney
nephralgia nephropathy nephrolith nephroblast renal renograph
pancreato pancreas
pancreatopathy pancreatoid pancreatolith panvreatitis pancreatectomy
pulmo(no)- ,pneumo- lung
pulmonary pulmogram pulmonitis(pneumonia) pneumbacillus
spleno- , lieno spleen
alienia splenectomy splenalgia lienotoxin lienography
Affixes for diseases and symptoms(p40)
-algia, -dynia, pain
gastralgia gastrodynia arthralgia neuralgia costalgia
carcino- cancer
carcinogen cacinectomy carcinogenic carcinocytemia carcinoid carcinoma
dys- difficulty, disorder
dysaudia dysfunction dysplasia dyspnea
-emia blood disorder
leukemia hyperemia bacteremia hypoglycemia gastremia anemia
-itis inflammation
hepatitis nephritis enteritis otitis media bronchitis cholecystitis phlevitis tonsillitis
-lith- ,lithiasis stone disease
nephrolith cystolithiasis cholecystolithiasis gastrolithiasis
mal- bad malfunction malnutrition malformation maladaptation malposition
-oma , onc(h)o tumour
hematoma carcinoma hepatoma oncology onchocyte
-rrhagia, -rrhage-, -staxis bleeding
hemorrhage cystorrhagia enterostaxis pneumorrhagia bronchostaxis
-rrh(o)ea flow, discharge
diarrhea otorrhea pseudodiarrhea
roots for regions of the body(p67)
cephal/o,cephaly head
cephalopathy acephaly microcephaly cephalccentesis
cervic/o neck
cervical cervicofacial cervicomuscular cerviocodynia
thorac/o, steth/o
thoracic extrathoracic thoracoscope pneumothroax stethoscope
abdomen/o celi/o abdomen
intra-abdominal abdominalgia abdominalis aorta celiac celiorrhaphy celioscope
lumb/o loin, lower back
lumbar supralumbar lumbocostal
acr/o limbs,end
acromrgaly acroanesthesia acroarthritis
循环系统
Root for the heart, blood vessel and lymphatic
Cardi/o,cardium heart
cardiomyopathy myocardium cardiovascular pericardium epicardium precardium
ari/o atrium
atriotomy periatrial transatrial atrial
ventricul cavity, ventricle
supraventricular ventriculocentesis ventriculofiberscopy
valv/o,valvul/o valve
valvectomy valvular valvulopathy valvuloplasty valvotransplantation
angi/o vessel
angiopathy angioplsty angiofibroma angiitis angiography fibroangioadenomatosis
vas/o,vascul/o vessel,duct
vasodilation vasomotion cardiovascular vasocontrictor vasculolymphatic
arter/o arteri/o artery
endarterial intraarterial arteriofibrosis arteriosclerosis arteriospasm
ven/o vein
venography venoclysis venostasis venofibrosis intravenous venoconstriction venotomy
phleb/o vein
phlebectasis phlebology phleboplasty phlebopexy phlebanesthesis
endophlebitis periphlebitis
Lymph/o lymph,
lymphatic system lymphiod lymphopathy lymphocyte lymphopenia lymphangioma sublymphemia lymphatic
splen/o spleen
splenomegaly splenotomy splenectomy splenalgia splenorragia
hypersplenia hepatosplenic
lien/o spleen
alienia lienopathy hepatolienomegaly lienocele lienitis
thym/o thymus gland
athymia megalothymus thymocyst thymocyst
tonsil/o tonsil
tonsillar tonsillary tonsillitis tonsillectomy intratonsillar peritonsillitis
呼吸系统
-pena breathing
dyspena apnea tachypena hyperpnea
-oxia,-ox/o,-ox/i,-oxy level of oxygen
hypoxia anoxia cytohyperoxia hypoxidation oxidase
-phonia,-phon/o voice, sound
dysphonia megaphonia pneumophonia phonasthenia phonocardioelectroscope
nas/o nose
nasal nasobronchial nasoscope nasoocular endonasopharyngeal
rhin/o nose
rhinorrhea rhinoplasty rhinorrhaphy rhinorrhagia endorhinitis arhinia
pharyng/o pharynx
pharyngeal rhinopharynx laryngopharyngectomy pharyngitis pharyngoplasty
laryng/o larynx
laryngoscope laryngology otorhinolaryngology endolaryngeal laryngoplasty
trache/o trachea
tracheobronchial tracheorrhagia trachitis intratracheal
bronch/o,broch/i bronchus
bronchogenic bronchostaxis bronchoscope tracheobronchoscopy endobronchitis pseudobronchiectasis
pulm/o,pulmon/o lungs
intrapulmonary angiopulmonography pulmogram pulmonoperitoneal
pneum/o, pneumon/o, pneumat/o air, gas respiration lung
pneumonia pneumopericarditis pneumorrhgia angiopneumography pneumothrox pneumonectasis bronchopneumonia penumobaccillus
消化系统
or/o mouth oral perioral peroral oropharynx oronasal orolingual
stomat/o mouth stomatitis stomatoplasty peristomatous stomatalgia stomatology
dent/o dent/I dntist paradentitis dentalgia dentistry
dodnt/o tooth periodontist odontoptosis odontoplasy odontotomy odontoneuralgia odontolithiasis
lingu/o tongue lingual sublingual lingualoplasty linguodental
gloss/o tongue glossopharyngeal esophagocardiomyotomy periesophagitis esophagectomy esophagectasis esophagobronchial
gastr/o stomach gastroptosis hepatogastrostomy gastremia gastroduodenoscopy Gastrocolostomy gastroelectromyogram
enter/o intestine dysentery gastroenteritis enterotoxemia enterovirus enterostenosis enterobacteria enterostasis gastroduofiberscope
duodn/o duodenum cuodenocopy gastrododenal duodenectomy
col/o colon/o colon colocentesis paracolic pericolontitis colonfiberscopy colonfiberscope
rect/o tectum rectocele subrectal colorectomy rectectomy rectostenosis
尿道系统
ren/o kidney
infrarenal renography renoduodenal renomorphology adrenal renovascular
nephr/o kidney
nephrosis nephropathy nephrolith nephrosclerosis nephroptosis
nephrorrhagia cystonephrosis nephroblast
pyel/o renal pelvis
pyeloplasty pyelocystitis pyelogram pyelonephritis pyeloureteroplasty
ur/o urine
urology urodynia urochrome
urin/o uria uresis urine
urination urinacidometer urinative urinalysis aciduria hematolymphuria proteuresis
ureter/o ureter
intraureteral ureteroheminephrectomy ureterostenosis ureterocelectomy ureteroscope ureterohydronephrosis
cyst/o urinary bladder cyst
cystorrhaphy cystorrhagia cystostaxis cystotomy paracystitis pseudocyst enterocystocele
vesic/o urinary bladder
intrvesical vesicocele vesicocolonic
urethra/o urethra
urethroscopy urethralgia paraurethra
神经系统
Neur/o nervous system neurosis dysneuria fibroneuroma encephalomyeloneuropathy otohemineurasthenia polyneuropathy neurotology angioeuromyoma
Myel/o bone marrow spinal cord myelodysplasia myeloma myelemia
Encephal brain anencephaly electroencephalogram encephalitis encephaloma encephalomyelitis encephalorrhagia
Cerebr/o brain cerebral ceerebroabgiography cerebrocenric crebroma cerebropsychosis
Psych/o mind psychosomatic psychalgia psychasthenia psychoanalytic bradypsychia
Narc/o unconsciousness narcology narcotherapy
Somn/o somn/I sleep dyssomnia pseudoinsomnia insomnia hypersomnia
感官
-esthesia sensation
dysthermesthesia anaesthesia hypoaesthesia esthesioneurosisesthesic
-algesia pain
analgesia electroanalgesia hyperalgesia polyalgesia thermohyperalgesia
prefixes for position and direction(p68)
circum- around circumarticular circumrenal
peri- around perivascular pericardium periarticular pericentral
intra- in, within intrauterine intravenous intraabdominal
epi- upon, over, upper epicardium epinephrine epiderm epibasal epibiotic extra- outside extracellular extraarticular extrasomatic
infra- below infraauricular ibfracortical
sub- below under sublingual subcutaneous
inter- between intercostal intercellular interaural
para- near beside paracystitis parahepatitis paratyphoid
retro- backward behind retrogression retroperitoneal retrobranchial retrocecal retroversion
supra- above supraaortic supraclavicular
ante-,antero- in front anterior anterosuperior anterolateral antefebrile
Roots for cells and tissues (50)
Morph/o form
polymorphic histomorphology morphogenesia monomorphous homoeomorphous
cy/o -cyte cell
cytogenesis cytochrome hematocytometer histiocyte cytogenetics hematocyte cytoplasm
nucle/o nucleus nuclear
nucleotherapy paranucleoproein nuclear magnetic resonance
hist/o histi/o tissue
histologist histopathology histiocyte histohematogenesis histiocytomatosis histiocyte
fibr/o fiber a
ngiofibroma arteriofibrosis fibrocyte fibroneuroma fibroblast myofibroma hemangiofibroma
aden/o gland
adenoma adenosis adenoid adenectomy adenofibroma adenoneural
somato/o -some body
somatic somatoceptor psychosomatic somatotomy somatopsychosis somatopathy chromosome centrosome monosome biosome
gen origin formation gent
cytogenetics pathogenesis carcinogen neogenesis oseogenesis chromagen antigen glycogen pathogen
Word for body chemistry(52)
Suffixes
-ase enzyme lipase oxidase
-ose sugar glucose anhydroglucose
hydro water,fluid,hydrogen hydrophilic hydroabdomen hydroalcoholic hydrocarbon carbonhydrate hydrolysis dehydrate
glyc/o,gluc/o sugar,glucose hyperglycemia glycogen glycohemia glucoprotein
sacchar/o sugar polysaccharide saccharosuria urosaccharometry saccharometabolic
lip/o,adip/o fat lipogenesis lipochromemia hyperlipemia lipofibroma adipoma adipose tissue adiposis adipocyte
prote/o protein protease proteolysis proteohormone protidemia
Chapter8 diagonosis and treatment
Roots for physical forces （59）
Chrom/o chromat/0 color stain achromatous chromosome chromatodysopia cytochrome dyschromasia
Phon/o sound voice dysphonia aphonia phonocardiogram
Phot/o light photolysis photochemodiagnosis photophilia photophobia
Radi/o radiation X-xay radioactivity radiologist radiotherapy
Son/o sound ultrasonic soncardiogram sonogram ultrasonocardiotomogram
Therm/o heat temperature thermometer hyperthermia thermaerotherapy hemihypothermia
Suffixes for diagonosis and treatment
-graph
-graphy
-gram
-meter
-scope -scopy
-therapy aerotherapy chemotherapy physiotherapy massotherapy
Suffixes for surgery135
-centesis puncture
thoracentesis cephalocntesis celioparaacentesis pericardicentesis
-ectomy surgical
appendectomy hysterectomy laryngopharyngectomy pancreatecomy
-pexy surgical fixation cystopxy phlebopexy gatropexy aortopexy ureteropexy
-plasy plastic surgery resconstruction rhinoplasty abgioplasty odontoplasty stomatoplasty dermatoplasty
-rrhaphy surgical repair angiorrhaphy myorrhaphy enterorrhaphy
-stomy surgical creation of an opening colostomy ureterocystoneostomy
--tomy cutting anatomy cardiotomy celiotomy
CHAPTER 6 DISESAE
alg/o, algi/o, algesi/o, -algia, -algesia, -dynia pain
algoneurodystrophy analgesia arthralgia neuralgia gastralgia/gastrodynia osteodynia
carcin/o cancer
carcinogen carcinoma hepatocarcinoma carcinoid
cyst/o , cyst/i cyst, bladder
cystic cystiform cystitis cystolith cystospasm cystodynia
-lith, -lithiasis stone disease
nephrolith lithiasis lithogenic cholecystolithiasis
onc(h)/o,-oma tumor
oncogene oncology oncocyte oncogen myofibroma
path/o, -pathy disease
pathogen histopathology pathoanatomy gastropathy
py/o pus
pyocyst pyorrhea otopyosis pyogenesis pyuria
pyr/o, pyret/o fever
pyretic pyrexia pyretology hyperpyrecia pyrogenous pyretolysis
scler/o hardening
sclerosis nephrosclerosis arteriosclerosis
malac(i)/o, -malacia softening
malacic splenomalacia aortomalacia cardiomalacia
steno/o narrowing
stenosis esophagostenosis angiostenosis stenothorax enterostenosis cardiostenosis
-ectasis,-ectasis dilation
bronchiectasis angicectasia lymphadenectasis
Chapter7 disease(p99)
dys- abnormal, painful, difficult
dysplasia dyspepsia dyspnea dysuria dysfunction
mal- bad, poor
maladaptive malformation malfunction malady malnutrition
brandy- slow
brandypena brandycardia=brandyrhythmia brandypsychia
tachy- rapid
tachycardia tachypnea tachymeter tachyuria
-cele hernia, dilation, protrusion
cystocele omphalocele hydrocele bronchocele hematocele
-itis inflammation
cholecystitis nephritis neuritis myocarditis phlebitis
megalo-,megaly enlargement
megalocardia hepatomegaly splenomegaly megalocephaly hepatolienomegaly
-rrhage,-rrhagia,--staxis bleeding
hemorrhage arthorrhagia colonorrhagia
cystorrhagia pneumorrhagia enterrostaxis bronchostaxis gastrostaxis
-rrhea flow discharge
diarrhea glycorrhea gastrorrhea hemorrhea otorrhea
-lysis decomposing, dissolving, destruction
hydrolysis hemolysis proteolytic cytolysis photolysis bacteriolysis
-philia like
aerophilia hydrophilia pharmacophilia pseudoangiohemophilia
-phobia fear
hydrophobia aerophobia carcinomatophobia pharmacophobia
-ptosis falling dropping
gastroptosis nephroptosis gastroenteroptosis cardioptosis coloptosis nephroptosis
viro- viral virous
virocytology virogene virolysis vironmembrane virostatic
Suffixes that mean “diseased condition of”(17)
-ia anemia leukemia apoplexia phobia
-ism alcoholism hyperthyroidism
-sis avititaminosis toxicosis acidosis
-pathy neuropathy psychopathy cadiopathy
Suffix for medical specialties and specislists(18)
-ian physician obstetrician
-iatrics geriatrics paediatrics
-iatry psychiatry pediatry
-ics orthopediacs statistics
-ist cardiologist oculist
-logy physiology pathology
Prefixes for numbers
Mon/o one monoplegia monomer
Uni- one unicellular unilateral
Hemi- half, one side hemisphere hemicrania
Semi half partial semisolid semicoma
Bi- two,twice bicuspid bipara
di- two twice dimorphous dibasic
dipl/o double diploid diplopia
tri- triplet trigeminus
quadr/r- four quardrant
tetra- tetraaplegia
penta- five
multi- many multicapsular multipara
poly- many much polysaccharide polyuria
Prefixes for colors
Cyan/o blue cyanosis cyanemia
Erythr/o red erythrocyte erythromycin
Leuck/o,leuc/o white, colorless leukocyte
Melan/o black dark melanin melanoepithelioma
Xanth/o yellow xanthoderma xanthoma
Negative prefixes
a-, an- not without aseptic analgesia
anti- against antidote antidepressant
contra- against opposite contraception contraindictation
de- removal without dementia
dis- absence, remove separation disinfection dissect
in im not imbalance
non- not noninfectious non-antigenic
un not unconscious unsaturated
Prefix for direction
Per- through percutaneous peroral infection
Trans- through transfusion transurethral
Prefix for degree
Hypr- over excss abnormallyhigh increasd hyperventilation hyperthyroidism Hypo- under below hypoxia hypothalamus
Olig/o few scantly
Over- excess overdose overradiation
Under- deficiency undergrown undernutrition
Pan- all panacea panpritonitis
Super- above excess suprlethal
Prefixes for size and comparison
Equi- equal same
Eu- true good easy normal euthanasia
Hetero- other different unequal heterosexual heteroadenoma
Homo- homeo- same homothermic homoplasty
Iso- equal same isoantibody isotope
Macro- abnormally large macrocye macroceephaly
Mega- megalo- abnormally large megabladder megalocardia
Mico-small microscopic
Neo- new neonate neoplasm
Normo- normal normovolemia normoplasia
Pseudo flse pseudoplegia pseudomyopia
Prefixes for time and position
Ante- ,pro-, pre- before in front of antenatal antaflexion precardium preoperaion Prodrome
Post- after behind
Prefixes for position
Dextr/o right dextrocardia dextroglucose
Sinister/o left sinistrocerebral
Ec-, ecto- out outsider ectoderm
Ex/o away from outside
End/o in within endoscope endocrine
Mes/o middle mesencephalon
Syn- sym together synchronia
Supra- super- epi- above upper
Infra- sub- under- below under
Ante- antro- pre- in front
Retro- post- behind backward
Sinister/o left
Dextr/o right
Extra- ex/o ecto- outside
Intra- endo- inside
Ab- away from ad- toward
Superior above inferior below
Anterior in front posterior behind。