果园松土施肥机设计

摘要

解决“三农”问题，最根本的是要提高农民收入。事实证明，大力发展果园农业是一条有效的途径。我国果园的机械化作业水平还比较低，大多数作业仍依靠手工劳动，强度大、效率低。松土作业是一项基础性作业。近几年，国内引进开发了一些果园耕耘机械，但存在体积大、适应性差等问题。为此，研制了适宜于国内果园作业的小型松土施肥机。根据果园内土壤比较松软、空间狭小等特点，方便的动力条件以及农艺要求，确定小型松土施肥机的结构方案。整机主要由汽油发动机、传动系统、松土机构、行走装置、操作机构等组成，汽油发动机提供动力，通过离合器器与减速器连接；减速器将动力传递给工作部件，实现松土作业的目的：通过人工控制料斗开关控制施肥装置，实现施肥的目的。操作机构包括控制松土机转向和动力的传递与分离。松土施肥工作机构是该机的关键部分。通过运动分析和结构优化，采用蜗轮蜗杆机构，产生人工旋耕的作用效果：突出对土壤的切削作用，翻土、碎土能力，以减小对土壤结构的破坏。讨论机组前进速度、驱动轮转速、松土深度及切土节距等因素对功率消耗的影响。在满足农艺要求的前提下，以减少动力消耗为目标，对这些参数进行优化，改善了机组作业的经济性。利用ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ软件，绘制了整机零部件的图样，完成了关键零件的强度校核，为样机的制造和保证工作的可靠性提供了依据。针对国内果园种植的现状，由汽油发动机提供动力，减小了机组的重量和尺寸。实现人工耕地的运动特点，提高了松土作业的质量和经济性。传动系统、行走系统的设计保持了较高的通用性，有进一步开发和推广的价值。

关键词：果园松土施肥机摩擦离合器蜗轮蜗杆减速器

Abstract

To solve the \"SAN nong\" problems, the most fundamental is to improve the farmers' income. Facts have proven that developing orchard agriculture is an effective way. Orchard mechanization operation level is still relatively low in our country, most of the homework still rely on manual labor, the strength is big, the efficiency is low. Scarification operation is a cultivation machinery, but large volume, poor adaptability problems. Has been developed to this end, suitable for domestic small orchard operations pulverizing machinery. According to requirements, determine the structure scheme of small digging machinery. Machine is mainly composed of gasoline engine, transmission system, digging mechanism, walking device, operating mechanism, etc, gasoline engine, the clutch device connected to the gear reducer; Reducer pass power to working parts, the realization of scarification operation purpose: transmission and separation. Scarification fertilizing work organization is a key part of the machine. Through motion analysis and structure optimization, the worm and worm wheel mechanism, the produce artificial rotary tillage effects: highlight on the soil cutting effect, turn over the soil, soil ability, to reduce the damage to the soil structure. Discussion unit speed, driving wheel speed, digging depth and pitch cutting soil factors such as the impact on power consumption. On the premise of meet the agronomic requirements, in order to reduce power consumption as the goal, to optimize these parameters, improving the unit operation economy. Using AutoCAD software, made the design of machine parts, completed the intensity, the key parts for prototype manufacturing and ensure the reliability of the work provides the basis. In view of the situation of domestic orchard planting, powered by gasoline engine, reduced weight and size of the unit. The motion characteristics of the artificial cultivated land and enhance the digging work quality and efficiency. Design of transmission system, walking system kept high versatility, with further development and promotion of value.

Keywords: orchard pulverizing machinery Friction clutch worm gear and worm