高中英语新人教版Unit 2 词汇拓展

必修二Unit 4 词汇拓展
Section A Listening and Speaking
1、be similar to
教材原句
Why do you think William said his hometown was similar to Qufu?你认为为什么威廉说他的家乡和曲阜很像?
要点必记
be similar in在.....方面相似
be the same as与.......相同
be different from与.....不同
be different in在.....方面不同
词语积累
similarity n.相似点;类似
2、Achilles’ heel 致命的弱点
要点必记
英语中常用的习语:
pull one's leg同某人开玩笑
fish out of water因环境不熟悉而感到不舒服或尴尬的人
fly off the handle大发雷霆
be over the moon欣喜若狂
laugh one's head off大笑不止，狂笑不已
be all ears全神贯注地听，洗耳恭听
child's play很容易的事
green fingers园艺技能
last straw救命稻草
an early bird早起的人
a wet blanket扫兴的人或事
a lucky dog幸运儿
a tough nut难对付的人
Section B Reading and Thinking
1、puzzle n 智力游戏；疑问vt 迷惑；使困惑；
教材原句
Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.了解一点英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。

要点必记
solve a puzzle解决难题
in a puzzle不知如何是好，感到困惑
puzzle over/about苦苦思索
crossword puzzle填字游戏
词语积累
Puzzlement n.迷惑，困惑
puzzled adj.感到迷惑的
puzzling adj.令人迷惑的
说明:-ing形容词常说明事物的性质;-ed形容词常说明人的感受或修饰人的表情、声音等。

2、join …to …把…和…连接起来
要点必记
join A to/and B把A和B连接起来
connect... to/with/and...把..... 与...连接起来(具体含义)
join in参加;加入
join (with) sb. in doing sth.和某人一起做某事
3、break away （from sb /sth ）脱离；背叛；逃脱
教材原句
Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK ,which resulted in the full name we have today..
最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国,形成了我们今天的全称......
要点必记
break down出故障;垮掉;失败
break into强行闯入
break in (强行进入)打断,搅扰
break through突破
break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发
break up (团体)解散; (关系)破裂
4、result in 导致，造成
教材原句
Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today...最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国，形成了我们今天的全称…
要点必记
result in导致，造成
result from由于
as a result因此，结果
as a result of由于
5、refer to …as 把…称为…
教材原句
People from the UK are called “British",which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
来自英国的人被称为“British”,这意味着英国也经常被称为不列颠或大不列颠。

要点必记
(1) referto指的是;提到;涉及;参考
refer to his experiences谈到他的经历
refer to the problem about society涉及社会问题
refer to a dictionary查字典
refer to your notes参考一下你的笔记
refer ...to.... 把…提交…; 把...归功于....；把.....称作....
(2) for future reference供日后参考
6、belong to 属于（某人）；是…的成员；是…的一部分；
教材原句
The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. 所属英国的四个部分在一些领域进行了合作
要点必记
belong vi.应在(某处);适应
belongings n. (pl.)所有物;财产，财物
personal belongings个人财物，私人用品
学法点拨
(1) belong to既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。

但可用belong to的现在分词形式作后置定语。

(2)to是介词，后面可跟名词或代词作宾语。

7、as well as 同；和；还；
教材原句
They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.他们使用同样的国旗，即英国国旗，还使用同样的货币和军事防御。

要点必记
A as well as/together with/along with
B +谓语动词+其他，谓语动词的单复数由A 决定
学法点拨
not only A but also B不但A... 而且B ....(强调B )
A as well as
B 不但B.....而且A ..... (强调A)
8、defence n 防御；保卫
要点必记
(1) in defence of 为.....辩护;捍卫，保卫
build up a defence筑起一道防线
defence against抵御......
in one's defence站在某人一边;为某人辩护
come to one's defence出来保护某人
(2) defend vt.保护;保卫
defend... from/against...
保护....免受伤害;保卫.....
defend oneself against..为自己辩护
误区警示
defence后接“入侵者”或“造成危害者”时，介词用against;若接“被保护者”，则介词用of。

9、legal adj法律的；合法的
要点必记
(1) legal rights合法权利
the legal profession/system法律专业/体系
take legal advice听取法律方面的建议
over the legal limit超出法律允许范围
legal documents法律文件
a legal adviser法律顾问
(2) illegal 非法的，违法的
10、surround v 包围
教材原句
..you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
……你都会被四个不同群体的证据所包围，他们在不同的历史时期接管了英国。

要点必记，
be surrounded by/with..被…环绕/包围
词语积累
surrounding adj.周围的，附近的(只用于名词前)
surroundings n. (复数)环境
11、evidence n 证据；证明
要点必记
(1) good/clear/strong evidence充分的/明显的/有力的证据
gather/collect evidence收集证据
look for/search for evidence寻找/搜寻证据
hide evidence隐藏证据
There is evidence that..有证据表明
medical/scientific evidence医学/科学证据
give evidence (出庭)作证
(2) evident adj.明显的，显然的
It is evident that..很明显.
12、achievement n 成就；成绩（可数）；达到（不可数）
要点必记
(1) quite an achievement 了不起的成就
a sense of achievement成就感
make an achievement/ make achievements做出成就
(2) achieve success获得成功
achieve one's aim/goal达到目的/实现目标
13、include doing sth包含做某事
教材原句
Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.他们的一些伟大成就包括建设城镇和道路。

要点必记includevt.包括
include vt 包括
including prep.包括，包含
included adj.被包括的
误区警示
including是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词; included是形容词，意为“包括在内的”，作后置定语。

包括两名同学:
including two schoolmates
two schoolmates included
14、location n 地方；地点；位置
教材原句
..left behind lots of new vocabulary（不可数）, and also the names of many locations across the UK......留下了很多新词汇，以及英国许多地方的名字
要点必记
(1) the location of the factory工厂的位置
the exact/precise location 确切位置
(2) locate vt.坐落于;位于;找出.....的位置
be located in/on坐落于，位于
locate Berlin on the map在地图上找到柏林
15、battle n战斗；搏斗；vi/vt 搏斗；奋斗
要点必记
a long/lengthy battle旷日持久的斗争
a tough/hard battle艰难的斗争
fight a... battle .打....的仗
win/lose a battle打贏/输掉一场仗
accept the battle应战
battle against/with与.....战斗
battle for为.....战，为....而奋斗
16、date back （to）追溯到
教材原句
..as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. ...因为它是一个古老的港口城市，它的历史可以追溯到罗马时代。

要点必记
(1) date back to “追溯到”，相当于date from,后接时间点。

(2)两者都不能用于被动语态和进行时态，而通常用于一般现在时。

(3)常用现在分词形式作定语。

归纳拓展
out of date过时
up to date最新的，新式的
to date迄今，到目前为止
17、keep your eyes open （for）留心
教材原句
If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.如果你留心，你会惊奇地发现你能看到它的过去和现在。

要点必记
(1) keep at it坚持干，继续苦干
keep up保持;继续
keep up with跟上;保持同步; .....保持联系
keep back阻止;隐瞒
keep away (from)避免接近(.......)
keep sb. from doing...阻止某人做.....
keep off ....不接近
keepon继续
(2) keep fit保持健康
keep one's promise履行诺言
keep in touch with ....保持联系
18、if any如果有的话
教材原句
So what is the difference between them, if any?如果有区别的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么?
要点必记
if so如果是这样的话
if not如果不是这样;不然，否则
if necessary如果有必要
if possible如果可能的话
if ever如果曾经有的话
19、There be+主语+非谓语动词.
教材原句
There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.关于英国有趣的历史和文化，还有很多要学习的。

要点必记
There be+主语+to do(表示动作尚未发生)
There be+主语+doing(表示主动和进行)
There be+主语+ done(表示被动或完成)
误区警示
当主语与其后的不定式是被动关系时，不定式用主动形式和被动形式均可，有些没有意义上的区别，有些则有区别。

There is no time to lose/to be lost.时间不容耽搁。

Section C Discovering Useful Structures
1、charge n 收费；指控；主管vt 收费；控告；充电
教材原句
…where we could get our car battery charged.......在那里我们可以给汽车电池充电。

要点必记
搭配1
take charge of主管;负责
free of charge免费(=for free)
in/under the charge of由...负责/掌管
比较:
人+in charge of+事
事+in the charge of+人
搭配2
charge sb. for sth.因某事/某物向某人收费
charge sb. with sth. /doing sth.指控某人(做)某事
2、announce vt 宣布；通知；声称
教材原句
When we finally reached the service desk toask for audio guides，we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.当我们最终到达服务台询问语音导游时，我们听到服务台宣布没有语音导游了。

要点必记
announce sth. to sb. =announce to sb. sth.向某人宣布某事
announce that..宣布.....
As is announced..据报道....
It is announced that.. 据报道...
误区警示
announce sb. sth. (错) announce sth. to sb. (对)
用法相同的动词还有suggest, explain,report, say等。

词语辨析
announce 与declare
announce指把人们关心或感兴趣的事公布于众;
delare 指在正式场合宣布官方的立场或态度等。

词语积累
anouncement n.宣告，宣布:通知
make an announcement宣布通告
3、amount n 金额；数量
教材原句
We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.我们发现自己对国家美术馆入口处的大量游客和噪音感到非常惊讶。

要点必记
a large/small amountof大量的/少量的..... (+不可数名词)
比一比
“许多、大量”的多种表达
(1) A large amount of+不可数名词+单数谓语动词+其他.
Large amounts of+不可数名词+复数谓语动词+其他.
(2) A large quantity of+可数/不可数名词+单数谓语动词+其他.
Large quantities of+可数/不可数名词+复数谓语动词+其他
(3) A good/great many+可数名词复数+复数谓语动词+其他.
A large/great number of+可数名词复数+复数谓语动词+其他.
Quite a few +可数名词复数+复数谓语动词+其他.
(4) Many a+可数名词单数+单数谓语动词+其他.
(5)A lotof/ Lots of /Plenty of +可数名词复数/不可数名词+谓语动词+其他，
(谓语动词的单复数根据of后的名词确定)
4、approach n方法；途径；接近；vt接近；接洽；着手处理；vi 靠近
教材原句
It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.因为周围有那么多人，很难接近那幅画。

要点必记
(1) approach the house走近房子
see/hear sb. /sth. approaching看到/听到某人/某物接近
be easy/difficult to approach容易接近/难以接近
approach the problem/matter处理问题
(2) the approach of.. ....的来临
at the approachof .....快到的时候
an approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法(to是介词)
adopt/take an approach采用一种方法
5、ensure vt 保证；确保；担保
教材原句
She had a copy of the painting boxed to ensure that it was delivered safely. 她把这幅画的副本装在盒子里，以确保它能安全送达。

要点必记
ensure=make sure确保
ensure the safety of确保.....的安全
ensure (that) …确保.....
make sure of确保......
学法点拨
在日常英语中，人们一般说make sure,而不说ensure。

6、generous adj慷慨的；大方的；丰富的
教材原句
Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family..卡尔和他的朋友们住在一个慷慨的家庭里......
要点必记
(1) be generous to sb.对某人慷慨
be generous with sth.在某方面大方，不吝啬某物
It's generous of sb. todosth.某人做某事真是慷慨。

(2) generously adv.慷慨地，大方地；generosity n.慷慨，大方；mean adj.吝啬的，小气的；
7、position n位置；姿态；职位
教材原句
They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, which were positioned on the hill.他们站在山上，用相机和双筒望远镜眺望湖面。

要点必记
(in) first/second position第一名/第二名
in/out of position在/不在适当的位置
put/place sb. in a good/an awkward position使某人处于有利的的境地
in a position of power/strength处于有权力/有实力的地位
误区警示
当position, situation，point，case，stage等表示抽象地点的名词作先行词且关系词在从句中作状语时，定语从句常用where引导。

Section D Listening and Talking ,
Reading for Writing ,Assessing Your Progress
1、eager adj 热切的；渴望的
教材原句
I was eager/surprised to see/learn/hear that...我急于/惊讶地看到/了解/听说…
要点必记
be eager to dosth.渴望做某事
be eager for sth.渴求某事物
be eager in热衷于
词语辨析eager与anxious
eager强调期望或渴望;
anxious强调焦急、担心。

2、have an influence on/upon 对.....有影响
教材原句
Ireland's beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and traditions.爱尔兰美丽的乡村一直对其人民和传统有很大的影响。

要点必记
have a bad influence on对.....有不好的影响
influence sb. /sth.影响某人/某事
归纳拓展
affect sb. /sth. 影响某人/某事
have an effect/impact on/upon ......有影响
3、make up 构成；形成；虚构；编造；和解；补足；化妆；打扮
And down by the sea, the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast.在大海的深处，海浪的轰鸣声和海鸟的叫声构成了海岸的音乐。

要点必记
(1)部分+ make up+整体=整体+be made up of+部分
(2) make up for补偿
make out辨认出;明白，理解
make it及时到达;取得成功
make the best of充分利用
make up one's mind下定决心
make good/ full use of好好/充分利用
4、greet vt 问候；迎接；映入…的眼帘；传入…的耳中/鼻中
教材原句
…birds greet the new day with their morning song......鸟儿们用它们的晨歌迎接新的一天。

要点必记
greet sb. with .....向某人打招呼/问候某人
词语积累
greting n.问候，招呼，致意(常用复数形式geetings表示“问候语，贺词”)
send geetings to sb.向某人致意
5、custom n 风俗；习俗；习惯
教材原句
What are the best ways to experience Chinese traditions and customs?体验中国传统和习俗的最好方式是什么?
要点必记
customs and habits风俗习惯
an old/ancient custom旧的/古老的习俗
a local custom当地的风俗习惯
It's the custom (for sb. ) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事是一种习俗。

误区警示
复数customs还专指“海关”。

a customs officer海关官员
◆词语辨析custom与habit
custom多指社会的“风俗，习俗”，表示“习惯”时，与habit同义;
habit指个人的“习惯”。

eating habits饮食习惯
6、crowd n 人群；一群人；vt 挤满；使…拥挤
教材原句
Dave could not find a seat in the room. It was very crowded.戴夫在房间里找不到座位。

那里非常拥挤。

要点必记
a crowd of/crowds of一群;许多crowd into...挤进
句法分析
句中it是形式主语,that引导的主语从句是真正的主语
要点必记
在it作形式主语的句子中，真正的主语可以是不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句。

It is+adj./n.+从句做某事是....的。

It is+ adj. /n. + to do sth. 做某事是.....的。

It is+ adj. + for/of sb. to do sth. 做某事对于某人来说是....的
It is no use/good doing sth.做某事是没有用/好处的。

It is said/reported/believed that..据说/据报道/人们认为.....。