韵律学和英语的韵律结构Prosody and English Prosodic Structure

Aspects of Prosody
PROSODY
PHONETIC
The acoustic parameters which provide evidence for prosodic organization.
PHONOLOGICAL
The constituents of the hierarchical organization.
The hierarchical organization of segments into constituents.
Organization is determined by relative prominences at each level of structure
Prominences
50
(from Vendetti 2001)
I met Mary and Elena’s mother at the mall yesterday.
400
Elena’s mother
350
mall
Mary
300
250
200
150
100 I met Mary and Elena’s mother at the mall yesterday
Pre boundary lengthening:
Prosodic structure is correlated with pre-boundary lengthening (the lengthening of a segment at the end of a prosodic constituent).
400 350 300 250 200 150 100
50 Legumes are a GOOD source of vitamins
(from Vendetti 2001)
Stress is cued by F0 (pitch) at the phrase level (i.e., pitch accents).
Divides utterances into phrasal chunks
Pitch accents, boundary tones, length
Prosodic structure
Utterance
U
Intonational P IP
IP
Intermediate P XP
XP
XP
Word
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Phonetic correlates of prosody: Stress
Stress is cued by duration and/or amplitude at the word level.
Stressed syllables are longer and louder.
50
Separate phrases, with expanded pitch movements (from Vendetti 2001).
I met Mary and Elena’s mother at the mall yesterday.
The phonological aspect of prosody
WEEK 9 Intonation
and English Prosodic Structure
Elisabeth Norcliffe Ling 110
24 May 2005
Prosody
Prosody: The suprasegmental information of natural speech
The high end of the prosodic hierarchy: Intonation
Intonation is the controlled modulation of voice pitch across a phrase or phrases.
Prominence at the word level:
Distinguishes stressed syllables from unstressed syllables.
Suprasegmental features: stress, length,
Prominences atFra Baidu bibliotekthe sentence level:
W
W W WW
Syllable
S S S S S S SS S S
The phonetic side of prosody
Deals with the acoustic correlates of prosodic organization
Various suprasegmental acoustic properties function as cues for the suprasegmental features.
Stressed words have pitch accents.
Whenever I eat cake, I laugh Whenever I eat, I laugh
Phonetic correlates of prosody: Structural position
A segment’s position in the prosodic structure also has particular phonetic properties, for example:
Summary
Prosody: suprasegmental information Two aspects:
Phonology (prosodic structure, defined by suprasegmental features)
Phonetics (acoustic correlates of the suprasegmental features)
I met Mary and Elena’s mother at the mall yesterday.
Prosodic structure
400
350
Mary & Elena’s mother
mall
300
250
200
150
100 I met Mary and Elena’s mother at the mall yesterday