2、2013GCT录制课程_语法05：虚拟语气、英语中的省略、英语中it的用法

虚拟语气_基本用法
与现在相反
If I had time now, I would help you.
与过去相反 did had done Would do would have done
If we hadn’t made adequate preparation, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.
虚拟语气
2010-04. no gravity, there would be no air around the earth, hence no life. A. If there was B. If there had been C. Were there D. Had there been 2010-05. Some members of the committee suggested that meeting . A. being postponed B. to be postponed C. postponed D. be postponed
虚拟语气
2009-10. Cuts in funding have meant that equipment has been kept in service long after it ______ replaced.
A. should have been C. could have been
B. would have been D. might have been
Had I been there= If I had been there…
虚拟语气_特殊单词
在表示“坚持”、“命令”、“建议”、“要求”等单词 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。 一个坚持(insist)； 两个命令(order, command)； 三个建议(advise, suggest, propose)； 四个要求(demand, require, request, ask)”。
虚拟语气_固定结构
三个表示“要不是……”“若不是因为……”的短语： 1. but for：
But for your help we would have been late.
幸亏你帮忙，要不我们就迟到了。 2. if it were not for：
If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow.
虚拟语气_真题_混合虚拟语气
混合虚拟语气：若主句从句所指的时间不一致，即条 件从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反； 或者条件从表示与现在事实相反，主句表真实情况，则从 句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。
If it had rained last night（过去），it would be very cold today（现在）． If I had taken your advice（过去），I should have no trouble with the work now（现在）
虚拟语气_练习
3. It has been raining for a day, but even though it hadn’t rained, we ________ there by tomorrow. A. can’t get B. won’t get C. hadn’t got D. wouldn’t get 4. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ________ something she would regret later. A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said Otherwise if she had not walked away from the discussion，
3）needn’t have done:
You needn’t have walked so quickly since time was enough.
4）could have done:
I could have come on time, but my car broke on the way.
1. “I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.” “It’s time you ________.” A. Do B. did C. had D. would It is (high)time that someone did something. It is time for someone to do something. 2. “I’ve told everyone about it. ” “Oh, I’d rather you ________.” A. Don’t B. hadn’t C. couldn’t D. wouldn’t
I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。
2. 用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转责备。
I would rather （that） you hadn‘t told him.
引导虚拟语气的情态动词：情态动词+have done
虚拟语气
8. It was proposed that this matter be discussed
next time. 9. What he said suggested that he was a cheat. 10. I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我觉得你与他心照不宣。 11. He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我 看过他的信。 12. He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要 我看他的信。
这类动词所引导的从句用虚拟语气，由“should+动词原 形”构成。
虚拟语气_特殊单词
He insisted that I should go with them.
他坚持要我同他们一起去。 He ordered that it should be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。
The doctor advised/suggested that he should not smoke.
要是没有水植物就无法生长。 3. if it hadn’t been for：
If it hadn’t been for your help, we wouldn’t have succeeded.
要不是有你帮忙，我们是不会成功的。
虚拟语气_省略与倒装
有时可将条件从句的连词 if 省略，而将从句中的 were, should, had 等提到句首。 如：
引导虚拟语气的结构_wish
Wish:
I wish that he weren’t so lazy. I wish I hadn't wasted so much time. I wish she would change her mind.
would (had) rather 1. 用过去式表示当时或将来的情况;
引导虚拟语气的结构_if only
1. if only：“如果…就好了”,. “要是….就好了”。 对现在的愿望过去式； 对将来的愿望would/could+动词原形； 对过去的愿望had+过去分词。
If only I were you! If only you had come yesterday! If only Linda could go with us tomorrow!
GCT辅导：英语
主讲 张丽艳
虚拟语气_基本用法
Baidu Nhomakorabea
I have time. I will help you. Have had Will help would help 与现在相反
If I had time, I would help you.
与将来相反
If it were to rain tomorrow, the game would be put off.
医生建议他不要抽烟。
He requires that I should appear. 他要求我出场
虚拟语气_特殊单词
1. He suggested reading the instructions first. 2. 2. She suggested his/him applying for a work permit. 3. =She suggest that Tom should apply. 4. He suggested sending out circulars. 5. =He suggested that circulars should be sent out. 6. She will suggest/suggests/ has suggested that you rent a house. 7. The suggestion/proposal that the mayor should present the prizes was accepted by everyone.
1）should have done:
You should have told me about it earlier. You shouldn’t have said such words to your parents.
2）ought to have done:
You ought to have told me about it earlier. You ought not to have said such words to your parents.
否定的推断(不能用mustn’t) can’t , couldn’t 都可用于对现在所作的推断。对过去 的否定推断只能用couldn’t.
Jones couldn’t have caught the nine o’clock train for he left his house at 9.15.
虚拟语气_练习
Were it not for your help, I wouldn't be doing so well. 若不是你帮忙，我现在不会干得这样好。 Were it not for= If it were not for… Had I been there, I would have asked her the question. 如果我在那里，我就会问她这个问题。
虚拟语气_真题
2003-07. The extensive survey suggested that their assumptions _______totally wrong. A. were B. be C. was D. would be
2003-09. If they had sent a check to the telephone company last week, their telephone out of service at this moment. A. will not be B. will not have been C. would not be D. would not have been
虚拟语气
2004-08. A recent survey suggested that if money were not an issue, most mothers ____ not to work at all. A. should prefer B. prefer C. would prefer D. preferred 2007-09 the flood, the ship would have reached its destination on time. A. In case of B. In spite of C. As of D. But for
引导虚拟语气的情态动词: must
对现在的推断
----I had no sleep for 48 hours. ----You must be exhausted.
对过去的推断
-----I rang your flat yesterday. A man answered but I didn’t recognize the voice. -----Oh, it must have been my brother, Peter.