情态动词学案及答案doc资料

情态动词学案及答案
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Can’t \can never ----too\enough 5．Can it be true?
It can’t be Tom ,for he is attending class. 二、may\might
He may come, but I don’t think he will 3．may 放在句首，表示祝愿 May God bless you
4．成语： may/might as well ，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为"不妨"。

含义
否定式含义
must“偏要”“非得”must you make so much noise? If you must smoke,please go out. Fish will die out of water .
注本句不能用be going to /be to do 结构，因为本句不表计划打算，只是一个反射性动作
3.用于疑问句表示请求，邀请。

Will you give me a piece of paper ? 五、 would
would 是will 的过去式，would +v 构成过去将来时，除此之外，是单独的情态动词。

1 表示过去时间的“意志，愿望和决心”I told him that I would go along with him . 2 委婉提出请求，建议或看法，语气比will 委婉，肯定答语用will .Would you help him ? Yes , I will .
3 表示过去的习惯动作和过去的某种倾向。

When he was a child he would (used to )play football .
Would 和 used to 的区别。

1 used to 主要用于今昔习惯的对比，表明过去如何，现在已不再如此了。

而would 不能用于今昔习惯的对比。

2 used to 用于表示过去的习惯或过去一贯存在的情况状态，而would 只能表示过去重复的动作，不能表示情况或状态。

如
There used to be a house here . 不能用would 这里是表状态。

3 used to 不可接时间状语，而would 只谈过去，与现在无关，因此句中常有时间状
1．用于第三人称, 在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定]应, 必须
No reader shall remove a book from the
2.用于陈述句第二、三人称, 表示说话者的许诺、警告、命令、决心(表示一定会发生的事）等, 主语的行动受讲话者支配] 必须, 应, 可
1.He shall have a bicycle for his birthday.
3.在问句中, 征询对方对于主语行动的意见(提供帮助, 提出建议、要求给予指示和
征求意见), 主要用于第一、三人称]... 好吗? 要不要...?
Shall he come to see you ?
七Should
含义：肯定形式______否定形式__________
特别含义
1. It has been announced that candidates ____ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. (2002上海) A. can B. will C. may D. shall
2. It’s nearly 7:00. Jack _____ be here at any moment. (N 95)
A. must
B. need
C. should
D. can
3.--- When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. --- They ____ be ready by 12:00. (N 1998) A. can B. should C. might D. need
4. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady. (2001上海)
A. might
B. need
C. should
D. would
八、need（判断正误）
Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease.
Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease
These dishes need be cleaned carefully.
These dishes need to be cleaned carefully.
These dishes need cleaning carefully
九、dare（判断正误）
How dare you say such a thing?
How dare you to say such a thing?
He daren’t to speak English before such a crowd, did he?
He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
十．其他情态动词组
would like to do…
would rather do…
would rather + 从句
would prefer to do...
had better do...
重点：情态动词+have+done
一、“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。

1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant.
二、“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。

1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.
2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home.
三、“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。

1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out?
2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone?
四、“could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。

He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.
五、“may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句
—What has happened to George?—I don't know. He may have got lost.
六、“might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。

多用于虚拟语气结构中。

1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. (MET90)
2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances.
七、“would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。

1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me.
2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much.
八、“should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。

”
“shouldn't+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。

含有指责对方或自责的含意。

1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday.
2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him.
九、“ought to+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应做……”，往往表示遗憾。

与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。

I ought to have gone home last Sunday.
You ought not to have given him more help.
十、“needn't+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。

1.I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.
2.He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldn't have missed the train.
“情态动词＋have done”表示对过去情况的推测或估计，是历年高考的热点。

现就这一语言现象作如下归纳：
1． should (ought to) have＋过去分词
表示过去应该做而（实际）没有做的事情,含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该……”；其否定形式为“should not／ought not to have ＋过去分词”，表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。

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Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting , but he didn’t’ show up. （04’广西卷）
A. should have arrived
B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived
D. should be arriving [解析]本题中的一个关键词but暗示了“Mr. White按道理理应到了，而他没有到”。

故答案选[A]。

2．needn’t have＋过去分词表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事。

As you worked late yesterday, you_________ have come this morning. (06’陕西卷)
A. mayn’t
B. can’t
C. mustn’t
D. needn’t
[解析] He needn't have come，表示“他本没有必要来（实际却来了）”，根据句意，答案应选[D]。

[注意] He didn't need to come yesterday，意为“他昨天没有必要来（实际也没来）”。

3．must have＋过去分词
用于肯定句，表示“过去一定做过某事”，表示一种很有把握的推测。

[注意] 对过去发生情况的否定推测常用can’t／couldn’t have ＋过去分词。

I have lost one of my gloves. I ________ it somewhere . （05’北京春季）
A. must drop
B. must have dropped
C. must be dropping
D. must have been dropped
[解析]本题应选B。

本题的前一句说明一个结果，后一句则表示一个原因。

I _______have been more than six years old when the accident happened. （05’天津卷）A. shouldn't B. couldn't C. mustn't D. needn't
[解析]本题的前一句陈述一个理由，后一句则是由前一句得出的结论。

故本题选[B] 。

4．may／might have＋过去分词
表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性推测，表示“过去可能／大概已做了某事”；否定句表示“过去可能还没有做某事”。

We____have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. A. needn’t B. may not C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t Key:[B]
5．can／could have＋过去分词
表示“过去本来可以做某事，但实际上没有做”；否定句表示“不可能已做了某事”；疑问句表示“可能／也许已做了某事吗？”。

--- I stayed at a hotel while in New York .--- Oh, did you? You with Barbara．(NMET’98)
A. could have stayed
B. could stay
C. would stay
D. must have stayed Key: [A] 巩固性练习：从A、B、C、D中选择最佳答案。

1．---You didn’t wait for Mr. Smith last ni ght, did you?---No, but we ______. He didn’t return home at all.
A. couldn’t have waited
B. needn’t have
C. didn’t need to
D. should wait 2．Harry ______ have won the Physics competition easily yesterday, but he gave up. A. could B. might C. should D. must
3．---May I speak to your manager Mr. Smith at six o’clock tonight ?”
---“I’m sorry, Mr. Smith to a conference before then.”
A. will have gone
B. had gone
C. would have gone
D. has gone 4．---Tom took away our teacher’s cell phone without being permitted.
--- Really? I can’t imagine that he _______ have done such a thing.
A. must
B. may
C. can
D. should
5．--- Was it you that made the suggestion?--- It have been. I can’t remember.
A. need
B. must
C. should
D. may
6．The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I_________ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me .
A. should have taken
B. could have taken
C. needn't have taken
D. mustn't have taken
7．He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free.
A. could
B. would
C. must
D. need
8．I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She at the meeting .
A. mustn’t have spoken
B. mightn’t have spoken
C. can’t have spoken
D. shouldn’t have spoken
9．--- Hi, is that Peter Brown?---Sorry. You ______ the wrong number .
A. must dial
B. must have dialed
C. should dial
D. should have dialed
10．I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car . They ______ at least 150 kilometers an hour .
A. should have been doing
B. must have been doing
C. could have done
D. would have done
Keys for reference： 1---5 CAADD 6---10 CACBB
【2012江西卷】22．We have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.
A．may not B．needn’t C．can’t D．mustn’t
[2012湖南]29. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
A. have had
B. had had
C. have
D. had【2012重庆卷】25.-____you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone? -Sorry Sir, but it’s urgent.
A. Can
B. Should
C. Must
D. Would
【2012辽宁卷】24. One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school.
A. might
B. could
C. shall
D. will
24、【答案】C【解析】Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

这儿是说根据学校规定学生在校时都必须要穿校服。

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1【2012四川卷】9. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao ” just as I ____ do in China. A. must B. might C. can D. should 19.【答案与解析】 B 本题考查情态动词。

句意为：我靠他们足够的近以听见他们说汉语，而且我会像我在中国可能做的那样说“你好”。

might表示“可能”。

故选B。

【2012陕西卷】23.I______ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. A. won’t B. can’t C. can D. will
【答案与解析】B 考查情态动词。

所填情态动词与too 构成固定句型
can’t/couldn’t …too…，意思是：再……都不为过，选B。

【2012北京卷】33. We ______ the difficu lty together, but why didn’t you tell me?
A. should face
B. might face
C. could have faced . must have faced
33. C。

虚拟语气考点，对过去的虚拟，本能……。

【2012全国II】17. I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _______ find the money.
A. can
B. might
C. would
D. need
【答案】A【解析】此处考查了can的本意“能”，表示“能力”。

句意：我要和John一起去欧洲度假，如果我能找到钱。

【考点定位】考查情态动词的用法。

15. 【2012天津卷】We wouldn’t have called a taxi yesterday if Harold __________us a ride home.【D】
A. didn’t offer
B. wouldn’t offer
C. hasn’t offered
D. hadn’t offere d
8【2012天津卷】It’s quite warm here; we __________turn the heating on yet.【C】couldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. wouldn’t
【2012全国新课程】30. I use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.
A. couldn't
B. mustn't
C. shouldn't
D. needn't
【答案】D【解析】此处考查情态动词，needn’t+动词原形表示：没有必要做某事。

句意：我没有必要用闹钟唤醒我，因为每天早上6点火车都经过我的房子。

【考点定位】考查情态动词的用法。

【2012江苏卷】35. — Happy birthday! —Thank you! It’s the best present I for.
A. should have wished
B. must have wished
C. may have wished
D. could have wished
35. 【考点】情态动词+完成式【答案】D
【解析】A项意为“本应该期望而实际上并非如此”；B项意为“一定希望”；C项意为“也许希望”；D项意为“可能希望”。

句意为：——生日快乐！——谢谢你！这是我所能期望的最好的礼物了。

根据句意可知，应选D项。

【举一反三】情态动词＋have+过去分词表示与过去事实上相反的情况，也是高考单项选择题涉及到情态动词的一个重要方面。

高考对情态动词表示虚拟‘用法，表示与过去事实相反的情况。

近几年高考，主要侧重should （not）have done 这一句式上，表示本来不该做却做了或本来该做却未做的事，在复习时，还应关注其它几种虚拟形式，如need (not)have done 表示本来需要做而未做或本来不需要而做的事等等，以做到有备无患。

【试题延伸】.Oh, I‘m not feeling well in the stomach. I______so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t eat
B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shouldn’t have eaten
D. mustn’t eat
【解析】该句所表达的意思是刚才我不因该吃那么多炸鸡，而实际上是吃了那么多，可以判断用shouldn’t have eaten. 答案是 C。

【难度】一般
【2012江苏卷】28. Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but say where he was.
A. mustn't
B. shouldn't
C. wouldn't
D. mightn't
28. 【考点】情态动词—would 【答案】C【解析】mustn’t意为“禁止”；shouldn’t意为“不应该”；wouldn’t意为“不愿意”；mightn’t意为“或许不”。

句意为：几天后，我哥哥打电话说他一切很好，但不愿意说他在哪儿。

根据句意可知，应选C项。

【难度】一般
1、I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.（2011天津）
A. had come
B. was coming
C. would come
D. would have come
2、If you _____ smoke, please go outside.（全国卷二）
A. can
B. should
C. must
D. may
3、I ______ worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes.（上海）
A. can’t
B. mustn’t
C. daren’t
D. needn’t
4、--I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.（江苏）
---How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it.
A. will have stolen
B. might have stolen
C. should have stolen
D. must have stolen
5、I__________through that bitter period without your generous help. （陕西）
A. couldn’t have gone
B. didn’t go
C. wouldn’t go
D. hadn’t gone
6、—Will you read me a story ,Mummy?
--OK. You ________have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.（陕西）
A. might
B. must
C. could
D. shall
7、The police still have I found the lost child, but they’re doing about they .（四川）
A. can
B.may
C.must
D.should
8、—-How’s your new babysitter?（浙江）
—We ________ask for a better one all our kids love her so much
A. should
B.might
C. mustn’t
D. couldn’t
9、—I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him?（北京）
—Don’t worry. He come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were
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A. must not
B. need not
C. would not
D. might not
10、—Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.（北京）
—I wish they always late.
A. weren’t
B. hadn’t been
C. wouldn’t be
D. wouldn’t have been
11、Maybe if I _____science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.（北京）
A. studied
B. would study
C. had studied
D. was studying
12、--Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?（福建）
--- I am afraid you ______ , in case he comes late for the meeting.
A. will
B. must
C. may
D. can
13、— Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.（福建）
— I _________ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
A. attended
B. had attended
C. would attend
D. would have attended
14、They _____ have arrived at lunch-time but their flight was delayed.（课标卷全国 1）
A. will
B. can
C. must
D. should
15、If you __ go, at least wait until the storm is over.（辽宁）
A. can
B. may
C. must
D. will
16、It _______be the postman at the door 。

It is only six o’clock.
A mustn’t
B can’t
C won’t
D needn’t
2010年高考题
1.(2010全国卷一) Just be patient. You _____ expect the world to change so soon.
A can’t
B needn’t
C may not
D will not
2. (2010北京)--Good morning. I’ve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.
--- Ah, good morning. You _____ be Mrs. Peters.
A might
B must
C would
D can
3. (2010北京) ---The weather has been very hot and dry.
---Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables_____.
A wouldn’t die
B didn’t die
C hadn’t died
D wouldn’t have di ed
4. (2010 重庆卷) You ____ park here! It’s an emergency exit.
A wouldn’t
B needn’t
C couldn’t
D mustn’t
5. (2010 湖南卷) You ____ buy a gift, but you can if you want to .
A must
B mustn’t
C have to
D don’t have to
6. (2010 天津) --John went to the hospital alone. --If he ___me about it, I would have gone with him.
A should tell
B tells
C told
D had told
7. (2010 天津卷) Mark ____ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.
A needn’t
B wouldn’t
C mustn’t
D couldn’t 8. (2010 四川卷) --- _____ I take the book out? --- I’m afraid not.
A Will
B May
C Must
D Need
9. (2010 山东卷) I _____ have watched that movie . It’ll give me horrible dreams.
A shouldn’t
B needn’t
C couldn’t
D mustn’t
10. (2010 江苏卷) -I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month.
--- Don’t worry. You ____ have it by Friday.
A could
B shall
C must
D may
11. (2010安徽)---Jack described his father, who _a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.
A would
B would have been
C must be
D must have been
12. (2010辽宁卷) Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it ____ be regular exercise.
A can
B will
C must
D may
13. (2010江西卷) I have told you the truth. _____ I keep repeating it?
A Must
B Can
C May
D Will
14. (2010浙江卷) “You ____ have a wrong number,” she said. “There’s no one of that name here.”
A need
B can
C must
D would
15. (2010浙江卷) Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy ____
A would have been saved
B had been saved
C will be saved
D was saved
16. (2010陕西卷)—May I take this book out of the reading room?
--No, you _______. You read it here.
A mightn’t
B won’t
C needn’t
D mustn’t
17. (2010 全国卷二) I’m afraid Mr. Harding _____ see you now. He’s busy.
A can’t
B mustn’t
C shouldn’t
D needn’t
18. (2010 上海卷) ---Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn’t finish the assignment yesterday.
--- Oh, you _____ have done it as yesterday was the deadline.
A must
B mustn’t
C should
D shouldn’t
2009年高考题
（安徽）1. Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessa rily shy；they ______ just be quiet people.
A. must
B. may
C. should
D. would
（北京）2. One of the few things you____say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.
A. need
B. must
C. should
D. can
（09福建）3. But for the help of my English teacher, I ____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A. would not win
B. would not have won
C. would win
D. would have won
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（09湖南）4.—It’s the office! So you _____ know eating is not allowed here. — Oh, sorry.
A. must
B. will
C. may
D. need
（09海南）5. What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There be twelve
A. should
B. would
C. will
D. shall
（09上海）6. It_____ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.
A. may
B. can
C. must
D. should
（09四川）7. —I don’t care what people think.—Well, you _______
A. could
B. would
C. should
D. might
（09天津）8. This printer is of good quality. If it _break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
A. would
B. should
C. could
D. might
（09重庆）9. —Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?
—She_____in the classroom. I saw her there just now.
A. shall be
B. should have been
C. must be
D. might have been
（09全国2）10. I can’t leave. She told me that I ______ stay here until she comes back.
A. can
B. must
C. will
D. may
（09江苏）11. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he ___ it differently. A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed
2008年高考题
01、(08全国卷II’ 17) Liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling.
A. will
B. can
C. must
D. may
02、(08上海春卷’ 27) When I was young, I was told that I ______ play with matches
A. wouldn’t
B. needn’t
C. mustn’t
D. daren’t
03、(08上海卷) According to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.
A. may
B. can
C. would
D. should
04、(08天津卷’ 06)She ______ have left school, for her bike is still here.
A. can’t
B. wouldn’t
C. shouldn’t
D. needn’t
05、(08重庆卷’ 30) ---I can’t find my purse anywhere. ---You have lost it while shopping.
A. may
B. can
C. should
D. would
06、(08辽宁卷’ 22)Peter ______ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.
A. shall
B. should
C. can
D. must
07、(08山东卷’ 24)Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we _____ it without you. A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed
08、(08江苏卷’ 35) I’m sorry. I ____at you the other day.—Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.
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