动词不定式专项总结

动词不定式专项总结：

构成： 主动式 被动式

一般式to do to be done

完成式to have done to have been done 进行式to be doing

1.作主语：

To master a foreign language is necessary for a student. It ’s good manners to help people in trouble. 2.作表语：

My job is to teach students.

All I did was (to) give him some advice. 3.作宾语：

只接不定式作宾语的动词：afford, agree, decide, determine(决心), expect, hope, manage, refuse, want, wish, offer, pretend, promise She promised to give him a chance.

It has no choice but to lie down and sleep. He does nothing but play all day.

At the news she didn ’t say anything but to cry. Do you think it better to translate it in this way?

I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting. 4.作补足语：

The teacher told his students to pay more attention to their pronunciation. No one told me where to find him.

注意：在感官动词see,watch,look at,hear,listen to,notice,observe(观察),feel 等后和使役动词make,have,let 后做宾语补足语时，不定式符号to 省略。变为被动句时，将to 补上。 I often hear her sing in the next room.

They make the baby go to bed at 7:00 p.m. every day. He is often heard to sing the song. 5.作定语：

I have nothing to say.

Have you got a pencil to draw pictures with? He is a man to depend on.

She was the first one to work out the problem. He keeps his promise to write to us regularly. 6.作目的状语：

She went home to see her mother.

in order to see her mother. so as to see her mother. To/In order to see her mother, she went home.

They started very early not to/in order not to/so as not to miss the train.

8．作结果状语：常见的结构有too …to, enough …to, so …as to, such …as to, onlyto …等。

He was too excited to say anything. The child is old enough to go to school.

He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left. Will you be so kind as to turn down the radio?

注意：too …to 通常表示太……而不……，但在下列句子中没有否定的意思。 She is only too glad to stay at home. 她太想留在家里了。

He is too anxious to know the examination results. 他很急切地想知道考试结果。

需特殊注意结构：

1.Why do …? （为什么…？） Why not do …..?（为什么不…？） Why spend so much money? Why not let her have a try?

2. had better do （最好做…）, would rather do （宁可，宁愿）, would rather do …than do （宁可……而不……）, cannot but do （不得不，必然）, cannot help but （不得不）构后 You ’d better listen to your teacher ’s opinion.

I would rather work than stay idle.

Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle.

3.在出现并列的动词不定式时，为了避免重复，后面的不定式符号to 可省略。如： I really don ’t know what to say and do. 我真的不知道该说什么，该干什么。 Can you help me to call him and ask him to attend the meeting at 2:00 p.m.? 你能不能帮我打电话给他，叫他下午两点来开会？

但如果两个不定式有对比的意思，则不定式符号to 不可被省去。如：

I came not to scold you but to praise you. 我是来夸你的，不是来骂你的。

The purpose of the new technology is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult. 新技术的目的是为了使生活更容易，而不是使生活更艰难。 4.动词不定式的省略问题：

上文中出现了某一动词或动词短语，下文中再遇到此动词的不定式结构时，往往要省略动词不定式，但通常省略动词原形或短语而保留不定式符号to ，一般有下面几种情况：

① 含有助动词或情态动词如be going to, used to, have to, ought to, be able to, be about to 等+动词原形结构时：

---Do you think I ought to go to see my doctor? ---Yes, I think you ought to.

She must go but you don ’t have to.

②含有动词want, decide, like, love, hope, wish, mean, refuse, try 等+不定式作宾语结构时：

---Did you go to see the Great Wall? ---I wanted to, but I was too busy. You may go with them if you hope to.