动词不定式用法归纳
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动词不定式用法归纳
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外,动词不定式具有动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to+do;其否定形式是not to+do。
1.作主语
可以直接作主语。如: To see is to believe.
但在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如:
It's wrong to play tricks on other people.
It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy.(Lesson 10).
点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在It is +adj.(形容词)+to do sth.或 It is +n.(名词)+to do sth.句型中,it仅作形式主语。
2.作宾语
a.以下动词只能to do 作宾语。
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 arrange 安排 mean意欲,打算 begin开始 expect期望 appear似乎,显得 determine决定 manage设法 cease停止 hate憎恨,厌恶 pretend假装 ask问 need需要 agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 bother扰乱;烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢,宁愿 care关心,喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉,遗憾 choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺,允许 start 开始 undertake承接 want想要 intend想要 refuse拒绝 decide决定 learn学习 contrive设法,图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 seek找,寻觅 try试图
b.love,like ,begin,start,hate ,prefer等词后面可以接不定式。
点击规律:上述动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思无很大区别。
提示板:like doing指经常性动作,而like to do指一次性的动作。如:
I like swimming,but I don't like to swim now.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。
c.stop,forget,remember,go on ,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。
点击规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。
1)stop to do sth.:停止一件事,去做另一件事。
stop doing sth.:停止正在做的事。
例句:When the teacher came in,the students stopped talking;when he came out,the students stopped to talk.
当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话;当老师走出去时,学生们又开始说话。
2)思考:forget,remember,go on,try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别d.在find/feel+it+adj.+to do sth.句型中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如:
The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep.
I feel it easy to recite the text.
点击规律:某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分,如上面stop例句。
3.作宾语补足语
a.下面的动词要求不定式做宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式
ask要求,邀请 get请,得到 prompt促使 allow允许 forbid禁止 prefer喜欢,宁愿 announce
宣布 force强迫 press迫使 bride 收买 inspire鼓舞 request请求 assist协助 hate憎恶 pronounce断定,表示 advise劝告 exhort告诫,勉励 pray请求 authorize授权,委托 help 帮助 recommend劝告,推荐 bear容忍 implore恳求 remind提醒 beg请求 induce引诱 report 报告 compel强迫 invite吸引,邀请, summon传唤 command命令 intend想要,企图 show 显示 drive驱赶 mean意欲,打算 train训练 cause引起 instruct指示 require要求 deserve应受 leave使,让 tell告诉 direct指导 like喜欢 tempt劝诱 entitle有资格 order命令 warn告诫 enable使能够 need需要 urge激励,力说 encourage鼓励 oblige不得不 want想要 condemn指责,谴责 lead引起,使得 teach教 entreat恳求 permit允许 wish希望
I tell him not to go there by bus .
Edison's mother taught him to read and write.
b.let,make,have,see,hear,feel,watch, notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。如:The boss makes them work 16 hours a day.
I heard her sing in the next room.
提示板:若变成被动语态,在上述结构中,不定式符号to要加上。如:
They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss.
She was heard to sing in the next room.
4.作定语:放在被修饰的名词、代词后面
例句:I have a lot of work to do.
The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy.
点击规律:动词不定式若在句中作定语,常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。
提示板:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系,若动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉介词。如:
I have a small bedroom to live in.
Have you got some pens to write with
5.表语:放在连系动词be后面
例句:His wish is to become a scientist.
The first important thing is to save the soldiers'lives.
当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。
点击规律:动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。6.作状语
a.目的状语:放在go,come,use,live,in order等词后面。如:
I come to see you.
He runs fast in order to get there in time.
b.原因状语:放在sorry,glad,surprised, disappointed,excited等词后面。如:
I am glad to see you here.
I am sorry to trouble you.
c.作结果状语。如:
Some of the apples are hard to reach.
The room is large enough to hold 1000 people.
7.与what,who,whose,when,where, how等疑问词连用,作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。如:
I don't know what to do next.(宾语)
He taught us how to use the computer.(宾语补足语)
It's still a question how to get there.(主语)