高中英语词汇课讲义

李辉老师全网唯一亲自答疑QQ：1375169808微博：@小辉辉老师2017李辉老师全年旗舰版词汇补充课程讲义

【讲义内容】

本讲义涵盖词汇课1-24篇文章的详细讲解。每篇文章包含“原文回顾”和“辉常精读”两个部分。“原文回顾”是这篇高考真题文章的原文；“辉常精读”是辉哥课上的讲解，包括“查单词”、“画括号”、“做直译”、“标主题”等四个动作。

【使用方法】

Step1：自己在“原文回顾”上用铅笔画括号，遇见不认识的单词，可以查阅“辉常精读”里的单词注释。争取靠自己的努力读懂文章。

Step2：听辉哥的课程讲解，彻底看懂这篇文章；同时，将你画的括号和辉哥做比较，不懂的地方可以找辉哥问。

Step3：反复聆听辉哥的课后录音、反复朗读这篇文章、反复背辉哥讲解的单词，直到彻底掌握这24篇文章中的知识。

【学习效果】

通过深入学习24篇文章，真正掌握画括号的方法，同时增加1500左右的高频核心单词！建议1-2天学1篇，40天内拿下这12篇文章！【辉哥建议】

把这份讲义完整打印下来，单词右边的空白处用来反复抄写单词，以尽量熟悉每个单词的拼写。

【自学更多】

请按以下步骤，自学更多文章，不断积累单词：

Step1.遇到生词

Step2.查手机字典

Step3.听一下读音

Step4.抄到本子上

Step5.反复背这个单词

Step6.反复读这篇文章

（以上步骤超级清楚、明确，只要照做，词汇量必有飞速提升！）

Passage1

2014浙江卷A篇

【原文回顾】

Wealth starts with a goal saving a dollar at a time.Call it the piggy bank strategy(策略).There are lessons in that time-honored coin-saving container．

Any huge task seems easier when reduced to baby steps.I f you wished to climb a12,000-foot mountain, and could do it a day at a time,you would only have to climb33feet daily to reach the top in a year.If you want to take a really nice trip in10years for a special occasion,to collect the$15,000cost,you have to save $3．93a day.If you drop that into a piggy bank and then once a year put$1,434in a savings account at1% interest rate after-tax,you will have your trip money．

When I was a child,my parents gave me a piggy bank to teach me that,if I wanted something,I should save money to buy it.We associate piggy banks with children,but in many countries,the little containers are also popular with adults.Europeans see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune and wealth.Around the world,many believe a gift of a piggy bank on New Year’s Day brings good luck and financial success.Ah, but you have to put something in it．

Why is a pig used as a symbol of saving?Why not an elephant bank,which is bigger and holds more coins?In the Middle Ages,before modern banking and credit instruments,people saved money at home,a few coins at a time dropped into a jar or dish.Potters(制陶工)made these inexpensive containers from an orange-colored clay(黏土)called“pygg,”and folks saved coins in pygg jars．The Middle English word for pig was“pigge”.While the Saxons pronounced pygg,referring to the clay,as“pug”,eventually the two words changed into the same pronunciation,sounding the“i”as in pig or piggy.As the word became less associated with the orange clay and more with the animal,a clever potter fashioned a pygg jar in the shape of a pig,delighting children and adults.The piggy bank was born．

Originally you had to break the bank to get to the money,bringing in a sense of seriousness into savings. While piggy banks teach children the wisdom of saving,adults often need to relearn childhood lessons. Think about the things in life that require large amounts of money---college education,weddings,cars, medical care,starting a business,buying a home,and fun stuff like great trips.So when you have money, take off the top10%,put it aside,save and invest wisely.

【辉常精读】

wealth财富n.

health健康n.

goal目标n.进球v.

save存v.

dollar美元n.（可数）

money钱n.（不可数）

bank银行，河岸n.

strategy策略n.

honor荣耀n.

coin硬币n.

contain包含v.

container容器n.

Wealth starts(with a goal)(saving a dollar)(at a time).Call it the piggy bank strategy(策略).There are lessons(in that time-honored coin-saving container).

财富开始/伴随着一个目标/存1美元/在一次。叫它/这个“小猪存钱罐策略”。那里有/课程/在那个被时间荣耀了的存硬币的容器里。【财富要一点一滴积累。】

any任何一个

huge巨大的adj.

big大

great伟大的

huge巨大的

large巨大的

giant巨大的adj.

Facing the Giant面对巨人

tremendous庞大的

reduce降低，减少，降级v.

task任务n.（一次任务）

mission使命n.

work活儿n.（教书）

job工作n.（老师）

career职业生涯n.（教师）

position工作岗位n.（有道精品课高中教师）

post工作岗位n.（有道精品课高中教师）

occupation工作n.（有道精品课高中教师）

occupy占据v.

vocation职业n.（传道受业解惑的人民教师）

voc-声音

vacation假期n.

holiday假日n.（holy day）

break休息片刻n.

ask for a leave请假

rest休息n.剩余的adj.

take/get/make搞v.

special特别都adj.

occasion场合n.

collect收集v.

cost花费，成本n.

account账户n.

count数v.

interest利息n.兴趣n.

rate率n.

tax税n.

Any huge task seems easier(when reduced)(to baby steps).(If you wished)(to climb a12,000-foot mountain),(and could do it)(a day)(at a time),you would only have to climb33feet(daily)(to reach the top)(in a year).(If you want)(to take a really nice trip)(in10years)(for a special occasion),(to collect the $15,000cost),you have to save$3.93(a day).(If you drop that)(into a piggy bank)and then(once a year) put$1,434(in a savings account)(at1%interest rate)(after-tax),you will have your trip money.

任何一个巨大的任务好像是更简单/当被降级/到小步骤（的时候）。如果你希望/去爬一个12000英尺的山，然后能够做它/一天/在一次，你将仅仅需要爬33英尺/每天/去到达那个山峰/在一年之内。如果你想要/去搞一个真的很好的旅行/在10年之后/为了一个特别的场合，为了去收集那15000美元的花费，你不得不存3.93美元/一天。如果你扔那个/进入一个小猪存钱罐/然后/一年一次/放1434美元/在一个储蓄账户里/在1%的利率/在税后，你将拥有你的旅行钱。

【伟大的任务变成小步骤就更简单。】

parent家长n.

that“说”（引导名从）

associate联系v.

association协会n.

English Association英语协会n.

English Corner英语角（姻缘角）n.

NBA：National Basketball Association

also也adv.

popular受欢迎的adj.

Europe欧罗巴洲n.

Asia亚细亚洲n.

European欧洲的，欧洲人n.

Euro欧元n.

adult成年人n.（爱叨叨）

as因为，当..时候conj；作为，像...prep.一样adv.

介词（prep.）：介词接名词TT is as ulgy(as PP).

连词（conj.）：连词连句子As TT is ugly,PP loves him so much.

as...as...一样...像...

sign标志n.

fortune运气n.=luck

fortunate好运的adj.

fortunately幸运地adv.

unfortunately不幸地adv.

these这些，这些人

those那些，那些人

some有些，有些人

many很多，很多人

one一个，一个人

gift礼物，天赋n.

gifted有天赋的adj.

financial金融的，财政的adj.

success成功n.

successful成功的adj.

succeed成功v.

have to不得不

(When I was a child),my parents gave me a piggy bank(to teach me)(that),(if I wanted something),(I should save money)(to buy it).We associate piggy banks(with children),but(in many countries),the little containers are also popular(with adults).Europeans see a piggy bank(as a sign)(of good fortune and

wealth).(Around the world),many believe a gift(of a piggy bank)(on New Year’s Day)brings good luck and financial success.Ah,but you have to put something(in it).

当我是一个孩子（的时候），我的父母给我一个小猪银行/去教我/说/如果我想要一些东西，我应该存钱/去买它。我们联系小猪银行/和孩子们，但是/在很多国家，这个小容器也是流行的/伴随着成年人。欧洲人看一个小猪存钱罐/作为一个标志/好运气和财富的。环绕这个世界，很多人相信一个礼物/一个小猪银行的/在新年的日子/带来好运气和金融的成功。啊，但是你不得不放一些东西/在里面。

【用小猪银行教存钱。】

symbol符号，象征n.

elephant大象n.

which它（引导定从）

hold握住-->把握v.

hold on别挂电话！（继续握着）

on继续n.

go on继续走

coin硬币n.

Middle Ages中世纪

before在...之前prep.

modern现代的，摩登的adj.

banking银行业n.

credit信用n.点数n.学分n.

instrument工具，设备n.

musical instrument乐器n.

jar罐子n.

dish盘子n.

pot陶瓷罐子，锅n.

hot-pot火锅n.

expensive昂贵的adj.

inexpensive便宜的adj.

from离开-->从prep.

eg：I come(from Shandong).

be made from被由...制成（离开原材料，所以看不到）

be made of被由...制成（of表修饰，所以能看到）

clay粘土n.

folk老百姓n.

save存v.

saving储蓄n.

and然后conj.

noun名词n.

pronounce发音v.

pronunciation发音n.

refer to提及

eventually最终adv.

finally最终adv.

into进入，成为prep.

fashion使...成为流行v.

shape形状n.

delight使...高兴v.

delighting令人高兴的adj.

delighted感到高兴的a'd'j.

be born被生出来

Why is a pig used(as a symbol)(of saving)?Why not an elephant bank,(which is bigger and holds more coins)?(In the Middle Ages),(before modern banking and credit instruments),people saved money(at home),a few coins(at a time)(dropped)(into a jar or dish).Potters(制陶工)made these inexpensive containers(from an orange-colored clay)(黏土)(called“pygg,”)and folks saved coins(in pygg jars).The Middle English word(for pig)was“pigge”.(While the Saxons pronounced pygg),(referring to the clay),(as “pug”),eventually the two words changed(into the same pronunciation),(sounding the“i”)(as)(in pig or piggy).(As the word became less associated)(with the orange clay)and more(with the animal),a clever potter fashioned a pygg jar(in the shape)(of a pig),(delighting children and adults).The piggy bank was born.

为什么一只噜噜被使用/作为一个符号/储蓄的？为什么不（是）一个大象银行呢，它是更大的而且把握住更多硬币？在那中世纪，在现代银行业和信用工具之前，人们存钱/在家，一些硬币/在一次/被扔/进入一个罐子或盘子。制陶工做了这些不贵的容易/从一种橘黄色的粘土/被叫做“pygg”，然后老百姓存钱/在pygg罐子里。这个中世纪英语单词/对于噜噜/是“pigge”。因为这些撒克逊人发音pygg，指的是这个粘土/作为“pug”，最终，这两个单词变/成那相同的发音，听上去是这个“i”,就像/在pig或piggy里面。当这个单词变得更少联系/跟这个黄色的粘土/然后更多联系/跟这个动物，一个聪明的陶匠使一个piggy罐子变得流行/以这个形状/一只噜噜的，使孩子们和大人高兴。这个小猪存钱罐被出生了。【小猪存钱罐的诞生过程。】

orginally最初adv.

break打碎v.

get the money得到这个钱

get to the money够到这个钱

sense感觉n.v.

serious严肃的adj.

seriously严肃地adv.

seriousness严肃n.

wisdom智慧n.

wise智慧的adj.

relearn重新学习v.

require需要v.

amount量n.

wedding结婚n.

medical care医疗服务n.

start a business创业

fun好玩的adj.乐子n.

stuff东西，材料n.

staff全体员工，士大夫n.

trip旅行n.

off离开adv.

aside在一边adv.

invest投资v.

Originally you had to break the bank(to get)(to the money),(bringing in a sense)(of seriousness)(into savings).(While piggy banks teach children the wisdom)(of saving),adults often need(to relearn childhood lessons).Think(about the things)(in life)(that require large amounts of money)---college education, weddings,cars,medical care,starting a business,buying a home,and fun stuff(like great trips).So(when you have money),take off the top10%,put it aside,save and invest wisely.

最初，你不得不打破这个银行/去够/到那个钱，带进来一种感觉/严肃的/进入储蓄。当小猪银行教孩子们这个智慧/储蓄的，成年人经常需要/去重新学习童年的课程。想/关于这些东西/在生活中/它们需要大量的钱——大学教育，结婚，汽车，医疗，创业，置业，以及有趣的东西/像伟大的旅行。所以，当你有钱，搞走那头10%，放它在一边，存起来，然后投资得聪明。

【大家一定要存钱呀。】

41.What is the piggy bank strategy?

A.Paying1%income tax at a time.

B.B.Setting a goal before making a travel plan.

C.C.Aiming high even when doing small things.

D.D.Putting aside a little money regularly for future use.

42.Why did the writer’s parents give him a piggy bank as a gift?

A.To delight him with the latest fashion.

B.To encourage him to climb mountains.

C.To help him form the habit of saving.

D.To teach him English pronunciation.

43.What does then underlined word“something”(Paragraph3)most probably refer to?

A.Money

B.Gifts

C.Financial success

D.Good luck

44.The piggy bank originally was_________.

A.a potter’s instrument

B.a cheap clay container

C.an animal-shaped dish

D.a pig-like toy for children

45.The last paragraph talks about________.

A.the seriousness of educating children

B.the enjoyment of taking a great trip

C.the importance of managing money

D.the difficulty of starting a business

Passage2

2011北京卷C篇

【原文回顾】

Students and Technology in the Classroom

I love my blackberry-it's my little connection to the larger world that can go anywhere with me.I also love my laptop computer,as it holds all of my writing and thoughts.Despite this love of technology,I know that there are times when I need to move away from these devices(设备)and truly communicate with others.

On occasion,I teach a course called History Matters for a group of higher education managers.My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas.Because I want students to thoroughly study the material and exchange their ideas with each other in the classroom,I have a rule-no laptop,iPads,phones,etc.When students were told my rule in advance of the class,some of them were not happy.

Most students assume that my reasons for this rule include unpleasant experiences in the past with students misusing technology.There's a bit of truth to that.Some students assume that I am anti-technology. There's no truth in that at all.I love technology and try to keep up with it so I can relate to my students.

The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversions and truly engage complex ideas.Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas.I want students to dig deep within themselves for inspiration and ideas.I want them to push each other to think differently and make connections between the course the material and the class discussion.

I've been teaching my history class in this way for many years and the evaluations reflect student satisfaction with the environment that I create.Students realize that with deep conversation and challenge, they learn at a level that helps them keep the course material beyond the classroom.

I'm not saying that I won't ever change my mind about technology use in my history class,but until I hear a really good reason for the change,I'm sticking to my plan.A few hours of technology-free dialogue is just too sweet to give up.

【辉常精读】

technology技术n.

Blackberry黑莓n.

berry莓n.

connect连接v.

connection连接n.

anywhere任何地方

anyone任何人

anytime任何时间

lap大腿n.

laptop笔记本，膝上电脑n.

desktop台式机n.

PDA掌上电脑

（Personal Digital Assistant）

personal个人的adj.

digital数码的adj.

assistant助理n.

assist协助v.

hold掌握v.

thought想法n.

despite尽管存在prep.

in spite of尽管存在prep.

move移动，搬家v.

away离开adv.

device设备n.

truly真正地adv.

communicate沟通v.

communication沟通n.

telecommunications通信n.

tele-远程

telephone电话n.

microphone麦克风n.

amplifier放大器n.

telegraph电报n.

graph-写

photograph相片n.

photo-光的

auto-自动的

autograph手稿*n.

bio-生物的

biography传记*n.

autobiography自传*n.

community社区，社团n.

Students|and Technology|(in the Classroom)

I love my Blackberry—it’s my little connection(to the larger world)(that can go anywhere)(with me).I also love my laptop computer,(as it holds all of my writing and thought).(Despite this love)(of technology), I know(that there are times)(when I need)(to move away)(from these devices)（设备）and truly communicate(with others).

我爱我的黑莓—它是我的小连接/跟这个大世界/它能去任何地方/跟我。我也爱我的笔记本电脑，因为它掌握所有我的写作和想法。尽管存在这个爱/技术的，我知道/说那里有些时候/那会儿我需要/去移动离开/从这些设备然后真正地沟通/跟他人。【有时候应该离开技术】

occasion场合n.

on occasion偶尔

matter问题n.有关系vi.

It doesn’t matter.没关系

group组，团伙n.

team团队n.

mini-/mana-管理

minister大臣n.

prime minister首相

manager经理n.

manage管理v.

ad-加

administrator管理员n.

administrate管理v.

goal目标n.

clude-close关门

include包含n.

discuss讨论v.

history历史（his+story）n.

historical历史的adj.

theme主题n.

thoroughly完全地，透彻地adv.

material材料n.

exchange交换v.

each other彼此

rule规则n.统治v.

ruler尺子n.

advance前面n.前进v.

advanced进步的，高级的adj.

in advance提前

exit出口n.

ex-往外

it-走

(On occasion),I teach a course(called History Matters)(for a group of higher education managers).My goals(for the class)include a full discussion(of historical themes and ideas).(Because I want students)(to thoroughly study the material and exchange their ideas)(with each other)(in the classroom).I have a rule —no laptops,iPads,phones,etc.(When students were told my rule)(in advance)(of the class),some of them were not happy.

偶尔，我教一个课/被叫做《历史问题》/为了一组高级教育的经理。我的目标/对于这个课/包括一个完全的讨论/历史主题和观点。因为我想要学生/去全面地学习这个材料然后交换他们的观点/跟彼此/在这教室里。我有一个规则：没有笔记本、iPad、电话等等。当学生被告知我的规则/提前/于此课，某些人/他们中的/是不开心的。【我上课禁止学生用数码】

assume假定v.

unpleasant不快乐的adj.

pleasant欢乐的adj.

misuse误用，滥用n.

a bit of一丢丢

truth事实

anti-反对

antiwar反战的adj.

keep up with和...齐头并进

relate连接n.

Most students assume(that my reasons)(for this rule)(include unpleasant experiences)(in the past) (with students)(misusing technology).There’s a bit of truth(to that).Some students assume(that I am anti-technology).There’s no truth(in that)at all.I love technology and try(to keep up with it)(so I can relate)(to my students).

大多数学生假定/说我的原因/对于这个规则/包括不愉快的经历/在过去/跟学生/滥用技术的。这儿有一丢丢的事实/对于那个。有些学生假定/说我是反技术的。那儿没有任何事实/在其中。我爱技术/然后努力/去齐头并进/跟它/以便我能连接/跟我的学生。【学生猜的原因】

conversation对话n.

engage从事，订婚v.

complex复杂的adj.

interruption打断n.

con-全都

concentration集中n.

center中间n.

allow for允许v.

dependence依赖n.

independence独立n.

dig挖掘v.

inspiration启示，鼓舞n.

leave离开，丢下v.

The real reason(why I ask students)(to leave technology)(at the door)is(that I think)(there are very few places)(in which we can have deep conversations and truly engage complex ideas).Interruptions(by technology)often break concentration and allow(for too much dependence)(on outside information)(for ideas).I want students(to dig deep)(within themselves)(for inspiration and ideas).I want them(to push each other)(to think differently)and(to make connections)(between the course material and the class discussion).

这真正的原因/之所以我要求学生/去留下科技/在那门口/是/说我认为/那儿有很少的地方/在其中我们能有深刻的对话并且真正地从事复杂的想法。打断/被技术/经常打断注意力的集中然后允许了太多的依赖/于外界的信息/为了想法。我想要学生去深刻挖掘/在他们内心世界/为了启发和思想。我想要他们/去推动彼此/去思考得不同/然后去做出连接/在课程材料和课堂讨论。【我的真正原因：想让学生深刻思考】

have been doing一直做某事

in this way以这种方式

reflect反映v.

satisfaction满意n.

satisfy使...满意vt.

satisfying令人满意的adj.

satisfied感到满意的adj.

environment环境n.

create创造v.

realize意识vt.

challenge挑战v.n.

material材料n.

I’ve been teaching my history class(in this way)(for many years)and the educations reflect student satisfaction(with the environment)(that I create).Students realize(that)(with deep conversation and challenge),they learn(at a level)(that helps them keep the course material)(beyond the classroom).

我一直在教我的历史课/以这种方式/过了好多年/然后这个教育反映了学生满意/对于这个环境/我创造的。学生意识到/说/伴随着深刻的对话和挑战，他们学习/在一个层次/它帮助他们保持这个课程材料/超越了这个课堂。【有效果】

stick to坚持v.

free无，自由的adj.

air-free无空气的adj.

money-free免费的adj.

man-free男性莫入adj.

trouble-free无烦恼的adj.

dialogue对话n.

too...to....太..而不能...

I am too nervous to take the exam.

我太紧张以至于不能去参加这个考试。

sweet甜adj.

give up放弃

I’m not saying(that I won’t ever change my mind)(about technology use)(in my history class),but (until I hear a really good reason)(for the change).I’m sticking(to my plan).A few hours(of technology-free dialogue)is just too sweet to give up.

我没有说/我永远不会改变我的想法/关于技术使用/在我的历史课上，但是/直到我听到一个真的好的原因/对于这个改变。我坚持我的计划。几个小时的无技术的对话仅仅是太甜美以至于不能去放弃。【我会坚持】

63．Some of the students in the history class were unhappy with____

A．the course material

B．others’misuse of technology

C．discussion topics

D．the author’s class regulations

64．The underlined word“engage”in Para.4probably means____.

A．explore B．accept C．change D．reject

65．According to the author,the use of technology in the classroom may____.

A．keep students from doing independent thinking

B．encourage students to have in-depth conversations

C．help students to better understand complex themes

D．affect students’concentration on course evaluation

66．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the author____

A．is quite stubborn

B．will give up teaching history

C．will change his teaching plan soon

D．values technology-free dialogues in his class

Passage3

2011北京卷D篇

【原文回顾】

As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries,a new electrical generating(发电)and transmission(输送)system for the21st century will leave a lasting mark on the West, for better or worse.Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery,but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community.The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.

The19th century saw land grants(政府拨地)offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads,leaving public land in between privately owned land.In much of the West,some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped,and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management.With the completion of the interstate highway system, many of the small towns,which sprang up as railway stops and developed well,have lost their lifeblood and died.

Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the West. This is not an argument against building them.We need alternative energy badly,and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now.

So trade-offs will have to be made.Some scenic spots will be sacrificed.Some species will be forced to move,or will be carefully moved to special accommodations.Deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects.

The lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter.The21st century development of the American West as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region. There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good.But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind,just like the railroads and the highways.

The money set aside in negotiated trade-offs and the institutions that control it will shape the West far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines.So let’s remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West.

【辉常精读】

rail铁轨n.

rail road铁路n.

highway高速公路n.

shape塑造v.体型/形状n.

electrical电气的adj.

electronic电子的adj.

gene基因n.

generate产生v.

generator发电机n.

generation世代n.

system系统n.

mark标记n.

marker马克笔，记号笔n.

lasting持续的adj.

for better or worse不论好坏

significance重要性n.

direct直接的adj.

direction方向n.

director指导员/指挥n.

physical物理的adj.

affect影响v.（A是大长矛，主动去影响）

effect效果n.（e是小眼睛，看得见效果）

scene场景n.

scenery风景n.（场景+ry阿姨）

surrounding周围的adj.

surroundings周围的事物n.

community社区/社群/社团n.

solar太阳的，太阳能的adj.

plant植物，工厂n.

power line输电线n.

not...but不是...而是...

lie lied lied规则变化是说谎

lie lay lain不规则是躺

lay laid laid躺过就下蛋，下蛋不规则

(As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West)(in the past centuries),a new electrical generating（发电）and transmission（输送）system(for the21st century)will leave a lasting mark(on the West),(for better or worse).Much(of the real significance)(of railroads and highways)is not(in their direct physical effect)(on the scenery),but(in the ways)(that they affect the surrounding community).The same is true(of big solar plants and the power lines)(that will be laid down)(to move electricity around).

正如那铁路和那高速公路塑造了那美国西部/在那过去的几个世纪，一个新的电的发电和传输系统/对于21世纪/将会留下一个延续的标记/在那西部，不论好坏。大部分/真正的重要性的/铁路和告诉公路的/并不是在于它们直接的物理效应/对于内个风景，而是/在于方式/他们影响这个周围人类社会的。同样的是真的/对于大的发电厂和输电线/它会被放下来/去移动这个电/到处。【电力系统可能也会带来长久影响】

grant许诺n.v.

take..for granted认为...是理所当然的adj.

Don’t take your mother’s love for granted.

offer被提供v.

continent大陆，大洲n.

trans-穿梭

transcontinental横贯大陆的adj.

private私人的adj.

own拥有v.

privately-owned被私人拥有的adj.

leave离开，丢下v.

section部分，部门n.

complete完成v.完成的adj.

completely完全地adv.

completion完成n.

inter-之间

international国家之间的adj.

intercity城际的adj.

interstate州和州之间的adj.

spring跳出来v.泉水n.弹簧n.

The19th century saw land grants(政府拨地)(offered)(to railroad companies)(to build the transcontinental railroads),(leaving public land)(in between privately owned land).(In much)(of the West), some(of the railroad sections)were developed(while others remained undeveloped),and(in both cases)the landownership has presented unique challenges(to land management).(With the completion)(of the interstate highway system),many(of the small towns),(which sprang up)(as railway stops)(and developed well),have lost their lifeblood and died.

这个19世纪见证了政府拨地/被提供/给铁路公司/去修建内个跨越大洲的铁路，丢下公共土地/在被私人拥有的土地之间。在大部分/西部的，一些/铁路部分的/被发展起来，而其他的保持未被发展的，然后在这两个情况下，这个土地所有权/已经呈现了独特的挑战/对于土地管理。伴随着内个完成/内个各州之间的高速公路系统，很多/小城镇的，它们跳出来/随着火车站/而且发展得好的，已经丢掉了他们的生命的血液然后死了。【铁路和高速公路带来的影响】

footprint脚印n.

argument论文，议论n.

alternative替换的adj.

need...badly迫切地需要..

take advantage of...利用...

eg:We should take advantage(of the Internet).

Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects(far beyond their direct footprint)(in the West).This is not an argument(against building them).We need alternative energy badly,and(to really take advantage)(of it)we need(to be able)(to move electricity around far more readily)(than we can now).

大的太阳能发电厂和他们的输电线也将有影响/远远超越了他们的直接的足迹/在内个西部。这不是一篇议论文/反对建造他们。我们需要替代能源/迫切地，然后/为了真的利用好它/我们需要/去能够/去运输电力向四周/远的多/比我们现在能够的。【电力系统也会带来影响但是作者并不反对】trade-off交易，协议n.

scenic spot景点n.

sacrifice牺牲v.

specices物种n.

force逼迫v.

accommodation食宿n.

deal交易n.

strike the deal达成交易

immediate直接的/立刻的/紧邻的adj.

im-否定

-medi中间

immediate neighbor近邻n.

immediate effect直接影响n.

So trade-offs will have to be made.Some scenic spots will be sacrificed.Some species will be forced(to move),or will be carefully moved(to special accommodations).Deals will be struck(to reduce the immediate effects).

所以，交易将会被达成。一些景点将会被牺牲。一些物种将会被迫/去转移，或者将会被认真地移动/到特殊的食宿。交易将会被达成/去减少那直接的影响。【交易也会想办法减少直接影响】matter问题n.

ideal理想的adj.

throw扔v.

region地区n.

chance机会n.

The lasting effects(of these trade-offs)are another matter.The21st century development(of the American West)(as an ideal place)(for alternative energy)is going(to throw off a lot of power and money) (in the region).There are chances(for that power and money)(to do a lot of good).But it is just(as likely) (that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind),(just like the railroads and the highways).

这个延续的效果/这些交易的/是另外一个问题。这个21世纪的发展/这美国西部的/作为一个理想的地方/对于替换能源的/将要/去砸下好多力量和前/在这个区域。有机会/对于那个力量和钱/去做很多好事。但是，这件事仅仅/一样可能/说/他们将被花费/浪费掉/然后会丢下新的问题在后面，就像/那铁路和那高速公路。【电力系统可能会带来长远影响】

set放置v.

aside在一边adv.

negotiate谈判v.

institution机构

control控制v.

construct建造v.

construction建筑n.

structure结构n.

The money(set aside)(in negotiated trade-offs and the institutions)(that control it)will shape the West (far beyond the immediate footprint)(of power plants and transmission lines).So let’s remember the effects (of the railroads and the highways)(as we construct these new power plants)(in the West).

这个钱/被放在一边的/在被谈判的交易和机构/控制交易的/会塑造西部/远远超越那立刻的足迹/发电厂和运输线的。所以让我们记得内个影响/内个铁路和内个高速公路的/当我们建造这些新的发电厂/在内个西部的时候。【注意考虑长远影响】

67．What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways?

A．Small towns along the railways became abandoned.

B．Some railroad stops remained underused.

C．Land in the West was hard to manage.

D．Land grants went into private hands.

68．What is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs?

A．The transmission of power.

B．The use of money and power.

C．The conservation of solar energy.

D．The selection of an ideal place.

69．What is the author’s attitude towards building solar plants?

A．Cautious B．Approving C．Doubtful D．Disapproving

70．Which is the best title for the passage?

A．How the Railways Have Affected the West

B．How Solar Energy Could Reshape the West

C．How the Effects of Power Plants Can Be Reduced

D．How the Problems of the Highways Have Been Settled

Passage4

2011北京卷A篇

【原文回顾】

“I Went Skydiving at84!”

As a young girl growing up in the1930s,I always wanted to fly a plane,but back then it was almost unheard of a woman to do that.I got a taste of that dream in2011,when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday.But the experience turned out to be very dull.Around that time,I told my husband that I wanted to skydive.So when our retirement community(社区)announced that they were having an essay competition and the topic was an experience of a lifetime that you wanted to have,I decided to write about my dream.

In the essay,I wrote about my desire to skydive,stating George Brush Sr.did it at age80.Why not me?

I was just84and in pretty good health.A year went by and I heard nothing.But then at a community party in late April2009,they announced that I was one of the winners.I just couldn’t believe it.Inspired by this,I decided to realize my dream,even though some of my family members and my doctor were against it.

One June11,2009,nearly40of my family and friends gathered in the area close to where I would land while I headed up in the airplane.My instructor,Jay,guided me through the experience.The plane was the noisiest one I had ever been in,but I wasn’t frightened—I was really just looking forward to the experience. When we reached13,000feet,Jay instructed me to throw myself out of the plane.When we first hit the air, the wind was so strong that I could hardly breathe.For a second I thought,“What have I gotten myself into?”But then everything got calmer.We were in a free fall for about a minute before Jay opened the parachute(降落伞),then we just floated downward for about five minutes.Being up in the clouds and looking at the view below was unlike anything I have ever felt—much better than the hot air balloon.I was just enjoying it.

Skydiving was really one of the greatest experiences of my life.I hope other people will look at me and realize that you don’t stop living just because you are84years old.If there’s something you want to experience,look into it.If it’s something that is possible,make it happen.

【辉常精读】

dive跳水，潜水v.

skydive跳伞v.

go shopping去血拼

go swimming去游泳

plane飞机n.

unheard没被听说过的adj.

taste品尝n.v.尝起来v.

then那时候adv.

arrange安排v.

ride骑行，乘坐v.

balloon气球n.

turn out to be结果是，被证明是

dull无聊adj.

retire退休v.

retiree退休的人n.

retirement退休n.

entire完全的adj.

Heal the World...for..the entire human race.

community社区，社群n.

announce宣布v.

essay作文，小论文n.

compete比赛v.

competition比赛n.

competitor选手n.

topic主题n.

“I Went Skydiving(at84)!”

(As a young girl)(growing up)(in the1930s),I always wanted(to fly a plane),but(back then)it was almost unheard(of a woman)(to do that).I got a taste(of that dream)(in2011),(when my husband arranged)(for me)(to ride)(in a hot air balloon)(for my birthday).But the experience turned out(to be very

dull).(Around that time),I told my husband(that I wanted)(to skydive).So(when our retirement community（社区）announced)(that they were having an essay competition and the topic was an experience (of a lifetime)(that you wanted)(to have),I decided(to write)(about my dream).

作为一个年轻女孩/长大/在内个1930年代，我总是想要/去飞一个飞机，但是/回到那会儿/这件事几乎是没有被听到的/关于一个女人/去做那个。我得到一个品尝/关于那个梦想/在2011年，那会儿我的丈夫安排/为我/去乘坐/在一个热气球中/为了我的生日。但是这个经历/结果/是非常无聊的。在那个时间前后，我告诉我的丈夫/说我想要/去跳伞。所以/当我们的退休社区宣布/说他们要有一次作文比赛/而且内个主题是一个经历/一生的/你想要去拥有的，我决定/去写/关于我的梦想。【我想跳伞】desire欲望n.

state国家n.州n.陈述v.

statement陈述句n.陈述n.

Sr.Senior高级的adj.

Jr.Junior低级的adj.

go by走过/经过

winner赢家n.

inspire启发，鼓舞v.

real真的adj.

realize实现v.

reality现实n.

modern摩登的，现代的adj.

modernize把..变得现代化v.

industry产业，工业n.

industrial工业的adj.

industrialize把...工业化v.

even if尽管，虽然

even though尽管，虽然

member成员n.

against反对prep.

in+n.处在...的状态之下

in danger处在危险状态之下

in anger处在愤怒状态之下

in good health处在好的健康状态之下

(In the essay),I wrote(about my desire)(to skydive),(stating George Bush Sr.did it)(at age80).Why not me?I was just84and(in pretty good health).A year went by and I heard nothing.But then(at a community party)(in late April2009),they announced(that I was one)(of the winners).I just couldn’t believe it.(Inspired)(by this),I decided(to realize my dream),(even though some of my family members and my doctor were)(against it).

在这篇文章中，我写/关于我的渴望/去跳伞，陈述了老布什做了这个/在80岁的时候。为什么不是我呢？我是仅仅84岁，而且处在相当好的健康状态下。一年过去了，然后我什么都没有听到。但是，然后/在一个社区聚会上/在2009年四月末，他们宣布/说我是一个/内个赢家中的。我就是不能相信这件事！被启发/被这个，我决定/去实现我的梦想，尽管一些/我的家庭成员和我的大夫是/反对这件事的。【我获奖，想实现梦想】

nearly几乎adv.

gather聚集v.

area区域n.

close to靠近prep.

where I would land我会降落的那个地方

instructor指导员n.

instruct指导v.

guide指导v.导游n.

guard守卫v.n.

safeguard保镖n.舒肤佳n.

noise噪音n.

noisy嘈杂的adj.

frighten吓唬v.

frightening吓人的adj.

frightened害怕的adj.

look forward to XXX期待某事

foot脚丫子，英尺n.

although尽管conj.

though尽管conj.

thought想法n.

throw扔v.

through穿过prep.

so...that..如此...以至于..

so that..以便

hardly几乎不

breathe呼吸v.

breath气息，呼吸n.

get渐渐变得v.得到v.

calm冷静adj.

calmer更冷静adj.

free fall自由落体运动

parachute降落伞n.

float漂浮v.

downward朝下adv.

upward朝上adv.

view风景n.

below在下面adv.

unlike和...不一样prep.

ever曾经adv.

even甚至adv.

(On June11,2009),nearly40(of my family and friends)gathered(in the area)(close to where I would land)(while I headed up)(in the airplane).My instructor,Jay,guided me(through the experience).The plane was the noisiest one(I had ever been in),but I wasn’t frightened—I was really just looking forward(to the experience).(When we reached13,000feet),Jay instructed me(to throw myself)(out of the plane). (When we first hit the air),the wind was so strong(that I could hardly breathe).(For a second)I thought,“What have I gotten myself into?”But then everything got calmer.We were(in a free fall)(for about a minute)(before Jay opened the parachute)（降落伞）,then we just floated downward(for about five minutes). Being up(in the clouds)and looking(at the view below)was(unlike anything)(I have ever felt)—much better(than the hot air balloon).I was just enjoying it.

在2009年6月11号，将近40人/我的家庭和朋友中的/聚集/在这个地区/靠近我会降落的地方/当我上飞机的时候。我的指导员，Jay，引导者我/穿过这个经历。这个飞机是内个最吵的一个/我曾经有进过的，但是我没有被吓到——我是真的期待/这个经历。当我们到达/13000英尺，Jay指导我/去扔我自己/出这个飞机。当我们最初触及内个空气的时候，这个风是如此强壮/以至于我几乎不能呼吸。在一秒钟内，我想，“我把我自己投入了什么啊！”但是，然后，每件事变得更冷静。我们是在一个自由落体中/过大约1分钟/然后Jay打开了内个降落伞，然后我们仅仅漂浮朝下/过了大约5分钟。存在在上面/在内个云层中/然后看着/下面的风景/是/不像任何东西/我曾经有感受到的——好多了/比这个热气球。我仅仅是在享受它。【跳伞的过程】

stop doing停止做某事

stop to do停下来去做某事

look into调查研究

happen发生v.

experience经历vt.

possible可能的adj.

Skydiving was really one(of the greatest experiences)(of my life).I hope(other people will look)(at me)(and realize)(that you don’t stop living)(just because you are84years old).(If there’s something)(you want)(to experience),look(into it).(If it’s something)(that is possible),make it happen.

跳伞真的是一个/内个最伟大的经历中的/我的生命中的。我希望/其他人会看/到我/然后意识到/说你没有停止生活/仅仅因为你是84岁老。如果那儿有某些事情/你想要/去经历，调查它！如果它是某个东西/它是可能的，让它发生！【跳伞伟大，不能服老】

56．What happened to the author in2001?

A．She flew an airplane

B．She entered a competition

C．She went on a hot air balloon ride

D．She moved into a retirement community

57．The author mentioned George Bush Sr.in her essay to_____.

A．build up her own reputation

B．show her admiration for him

C．compare their health condition

D．make her argument persuasive

58．How did the author feel immediately after she jumped out of the plane?

A．Excited B．Scared C．Nervous D．Regretful

59．What did the author enjoy most when she was skydiving?

A．The beautiful clouds

B．The wonderful view

C．The company of Jay

D.The one-minute free fall

Passage5

Music

2016全国III卷A篇

【原文回顾】

Opera at Music Hall:1243Elm Street.The season runs June through August,with additional performances in March and September.The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts.Phone:241-2742.