4 学术论文摘要的模板和翻译

Abstract Sample Study
---Stylistic Features of Webchat English
• With the development of computers and the internet, webchat has become more and more popular. This particular communicative form generates some unique linguistic features which can hardly be found in other variants of English. Yet, to analyze its linguistic features from the point of view of stylistics is still a new realm. Adopting the theories of modern stylistics, this paper analyzes the English used in webchat from four levels: graphology, lexicon, syntax/grammar and context. (74 words)
摘要的理解
• 摘要是以提供文献内容梗概为目的，不 加评论和补充解释，简明、确切地记述 文献重要内容的短文。
• 摘要的基本要素：研究目的、方法、结 果和结论。
Abstract or Summary?
• Abstract: placed before the text part (usual way)
2. Describing methodology: In this move the author gives a good indication of the experimental design, including information on the data, procedures or methods used and, if necessary, the scope of the research reported.
摘要类型的选择
• 凡自然科学的立项研究成果、实验研究报告、 调查结果报告等原创性论著的摘要应具备四要 素：目的、材料与方法、结果、结论。
• 其他论文的摘要也应确切反映论文的主要观点， 概括其结果和结论。摘要的撰写应精心构思， 往往是评稿、审稿的第一筛。
Abstract Sample Study
• Sample 2: (1) This paper sets out to examine two
Informative Abstract
1. Introducing purpose: This move gives a precise indication of the author’s intention, thesis or hypothesis which forms the basis of the research being reported. It may also include the goals or objectives of research or the problem that the author wishes to tackle.
孝感学院“国培计划”《英语学科研究与论文写作》系列讲座之四
学术论文摘要的模板和翻译 Models of academic abstracts and their
translation
什么是摘要？
• 《百科汉语词典》
– 摘要（又称概要）即摘录要点或内容提要。 它是研究工作的主要对象和范围，采用的手 段和方法，得出的结果和重要的结论，有时 也包括具有情报价值的其它重要的信息 。
findings reported in the literature: one, that during the one-word stage a child’s word productions are highly phonetically variable, and two, that the one-word stage is qualitatively distinct from subsequent phonological development. (2) The complete set of word forms produced by a child at the one-word stage were collected and analyzed both cross-sectionally (month by month) and longitudinally (looking for changes over time). (3) It was found that the data showed very little variability, and that phonological development during the period studied was qualitatively continuous with subsequent development. (4) It is suggested that the phonologically principled development of this child’s first words is related to his late onset of speech. (117 words)
Four-move Model
The Four Moves 1. What the author did---purpose 2. How the author did it---methodology 3. What the author found--- result 4. What the author concluded---conclusion
– 1) the subject matter, – 2) the purpose of the study, – 3) the way the research is carried out, – 4) some important findings, – 5) the implication and a conclusion.
• Sample 4: (意义)明晰的产权意味着财产所有者对 其财产的各个方面具有完全的控制权，模糊产权 实际上是最终控制权的模糊性。(目的与方法)我 国的乡镇集体企业是产权模糊的典型，本文试图
从政企关系、市场体系、经营者的激励等方面来
分析探讨转型期乡镇企业模糊产权的形成原因。 (结果)研究证实：转型期政府与企业的关系决定 了模糊产权的存在是社会强制机制作用的结果，
Informative Abstract
3. Summarizing results: This is an important aspect of abstracts where the author mentions his observations and findings and also suggests solutions to the problem, if any, posed in the first move.
转型期不完善的市场体系是导致模糊产权形成的
环境因素，企业经营者的控制权激励是模糊产权 得以延续的制度根源。(结论)在研究的基础上， 提出了明晰产权的基本路径：企业家人力资本的
资本化，存量资产的折股量化，以增量配股明晰 存量。(256 words)(题目：略论转型期乡镇集体企 业模糊产权的根源与明晰途径)
摘要的书写（8点）
1) 摘要中应排除本学科领域已成为常识的内容；切忌把应 用在引言中出现的内容写入摘要；一般也不要对论文内 容作诠释和评论(尤其是自我评价)。
2) 不得简单重复题名中已有的信息。 3)摘要是一篇完整的短文。结构严谨，表达简明，语义确
切。摘要先写什么，后写，互相呼应。摘要慎用长句，句型 应力求简单。每句话要表意明白，无空泛、笼统、含混 之词。
• Summary: placed at the end of text (rarely used)
What is an abstract?
• An abstract is an abbreviated, accurate representation of the contents of a document, preferably prepared by its author(s) for publication with it. （general
4. Presenting conclusions: This move is meant to interpret results and draw inferences. It typically includes some indication of the implications and applications of the present findings.
指示性摘要
• 指示性摘要是指明一次文献的论题及取得的成 果的性质和水平的摘要，其目的是使读者对该 研究的主要内容(即作者做了什么工作)有一个 轮廓性的了解。
• 创新内容较少的论文，其摘要可写成指示性摘 要，一般适用于学术性期刊的简报、问题讨论 等栏目以及技术性期刊等只概括地介绍论文的 论题,使读者对论文的主要内容有大致的了解。
Six–element Abstract
• Huang Guowen：
– Topic Specification (TS) – Background Information (BI) – Purpose Statement (PS) – Methodology and Data (MD) – Results / Findings (RF) – Implications / Conclusions (IC)
• 科技论文如果没有创新内容，如果没有经得起检验的与 众不同的方法或结论，是不会引起读者的阅读兴趣的； 所以建议学术性期刊(或论文集)多选用报道性摘要，用比 其他类摘要字数稍多的篇幅，向读者介绍论文的主要内 容。
• 以“摘录要点”的形式报道出作者的主要研究成果和比 较完整的定量及定性的信息。
• 篇幅以300字左右为宜。
Classification
• 报道性摘要(Informative abstract) • 指示性摘要(Indicative abstract/
descriptive abstract)
报道性摘要
• 报道性摘要是指明一次文献的主题范围及内容梗概的简 明摘要，相当于简介。
• 报道性摘要一般用来反映科技论文的目的、方法及主要 结果与结论，在有限的字数内向读者提供尽可能多的定 性或定量的信息，充分反映该研究的创新之处。
• 篇幅以100字左右为宜。
Abstract Sample Study
• Sample 1: (摘自《外语教学与研究》01/2001)
万维网键谈英语的文体特征 Stylistic Features of Webchat English
• 摘要：随着计算机和因特网的发展与普及，万维网 键谈这种网际交流形式受到越来越多人的欢迎。其 独特的活动形式使之在语言方面形成了许多其它语 言变体所没有的特点。然而，从文体学角度研究它 的语言及文体特征还是一个比较新的领域。本文采 用现代文体学理论，从字位、词位、句法/语法、 语境四个层面对万维网键谈英语进行分析。(148 words)
sense）
academic sense
• Abstract is a condensed version of a research paper that highlights the major points covered and provides readers with a bird view of