高考翻译讲座(考点 解题思路 高频句型)

高考翻译讲座
（一）翻译考点(2017届高三二模翻译按考点梳理)
一．考点：定从
1.诗歌大赛吸引了大批观众，他们从中领略了汉语的魅力。

（which）（2017年金山、长宁二模）
Poetry contest attracted a large audience, from which they had a taste of the charm of Chinese.
考点：which引导的非限定语从句的考查。

2. 诗歌大赛吸引了大批观众，他们从中领略了汉语的魅力。

（which）（2017年青浦区二模翻译题）
Poetry contest attracted a large of audience, from which they had a taste of the charm of Chinese.
考点：介词+which 引导非限定从
3.想和我一起看电影的人请举手。

（those）（2017年普陀二模）
Those who want to see the movie with me, please raise your hand.
4.网购是一种电子商务，它让顾客可以足不出户地购买商品或服务。

（commerce）（2017年普陀二模）
Online shopping is a form of electronic commerce, which allows consumers to purchase ideal goods or service without stepping out of their houses.
5.李教授写的这本书是面向学术读者的。

（intend）（2017年宝三二模）
The book that professor wrote is intended to his readers.
6.一项新的研究发现，那些拥有年轻心态的人比自我感觉年龄大的人更加长寿。

（those who ）（2017年宝三二模）
A new research revealed that those who possess a young heart have a longer life span than
those feeling older.
二．考点：状语从句
1. 这种收音机已经很落伍了，不增加新功能的话很难有销路。

（unless）（2017年闵行二模）This kind of radio is quite out of fashion , so it’s hard to sell unless new features/ functions are added (to it). （条件状语从句）
考点：unless引导的条件状从句的考查。

2.不管那个推销员如何极力鼓动，我还是能保持冷静没有买那套位于城东的房子。

（No natter）（2017年金山、长宁二模）
No matter how hard the salesman urged me, I still kept cool and didn’t buy the flat located east of the city. （让步状语从句）
考点：no matter引导的让步状从句的考查。

3. 不管那个推销员如何极力鼓励，我还是能保持冷静没有买那套位于城东的房子。

（No matter）（2017年青浦区二模翻译题）
No matter how hard the salesman urged me, I still kept cool and didn’t buy the flat locate d east of the city.
考点：no matter how 引导定语从句
4. 会当凌绝顶，一览众山小。

（when）（2017年徐汇区二模翻译题）
When I stand on the top of the Mount. Tai, I hold all mountains in a single glance.
考点：when 引导时间状语从句
5. 由于需要做彻底修改，这本书暂时不会出版。

(revise) （2017年松江区二模翻译题）
As it needs to be thoroughly revised, the book will not be published for the time being.
考点：as引导原因状语从句
6. 由于对潜在的困难估计不足，当实验进展不顺时他一筹莫展。

(prepare) （2017年松江区二模翻译题）
As he wasn’t well prepared for the potential difficulties, he was quite at a loss when the experiment wasn’t going on smoothly.
考点：as引导原因状语从句以及wasn’t well prepared for the potential difficulties 的表述
三．考点：倒装句，强调句
1.任何情况下，你都不应该恶意评论他人。

（Under）（2017年黄埔二模）
Under no circumstances should you make ill/evil/bad comments on others.
考点：Under no circumstances等介词短语放在句首时引导的倒装句的考查。

2.我刚交卷就意识到少回答了一个问题。

（Hardly…）（2017年闵行二模）
Hardly had I handed in the test paper when I realized I missed a question.
考点：hardly...when...等具有否定意义的词放在句首时引导的倒装句的考查。

3.与诗歌欣赏有关的电视节目倍受欢迎，以致于越来越多的人开始关注中国古典文学。

(So…) （2017年浦东二模）
So popular/well received are the TV programs about poetry appreciation that more and more people are beginning to pay attention to Chinese classic/classical literature.
考点：so...that...结构中so放在句首时引导的倒装句的考查。

4. 铃声一响，孩子们就冲出来了。

（out）（2017年徐汇区二模翻译题）
Out rushed the children as soon as the bell rang.
考点：介词放句首要倒装
5. 我刚交卷就意识到少回答了一个问题。

(Hardly…) （2017年松江区二模翻译题）Hardly had I handed in the test paper when I realized that I missed a question.
考点：hardly…when引导让步状语从句，hardly放句首要倒装
6. 共享单车不仅解决了最后一里路的问题，而且还有助于改善空气质量。

（Not only）（2017
年杨浦区二模翻译题）
Not only do shared bicycles solve the last-mile problem but also they help improve air quality.
考点：Not only…but also放句首要倒装
7.正是因为学习方法因人而异，所以在学习和生活中适合你的不一定就适合我。

（vary）（2017年虹口二模）
It is because learning method varies from person to person that what is suitable for you may not be so / suits me in (our) study and life.
8. 正是他良好的英语听说能力使他在这次英语演讲比赛中脱颖而出。

（it）（2017年崇明二模）
It was his English listening and speaking ability that enabled him to stand out in the English speech contest.
9. 共享单车不仅使用方便，而且价格合理，为短途出行提供了一种额外选择。

(Not only)（2017年崇明二模）
Not only are shared bikes convenient to use, but also their prices are reasonable，so they provide an additional choice for short trips. (1+1+1+2)
考点：not only的倒装
10.背包旅行（backpacking）不仅是一种度假形式，也是一种受教育方式。

(Not only)（2017年普陀二模）
Not only is backpacking a way of taking a holiday/ spending a vacation, but also a means of being educated/ education.
11.当球迷们向篮球队员献花时，队员们激动得热泪盈眶。

（So ）（2017年宝山二模）
So moved were the crew from the basketball team that their eyes were filled with tears when the fans showed them the flowers.
四．考点：it用法
1.看孩子们在沙滩上打排球很有趣。

(fun) （2017年闵行二模）
It’s fun to look at the children playing volleyball on the beach.
考点：it作形式主语的用法的考查。

2. 正巧这几天有空，去公园散步如何？(happen) （2017年浦东二模）
It happens that we are free these days. What about/How about taking/having a walk in the park?
考点：it happen结构及it作形式主语的用法的考查。

3. 看孩子们在沙滩上打排球很有趣。

(fun) （2017年松江区二模翻译题）
It’s fun to look at the children playing volleyball on the beach.
考点：it作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语后置
五．考点：重点词组
1.. 演讲前，花点时间看下提纲，你会更自信。

（spend）（2017年青浦区二模翻译题）Before making a speech, spend some time taking a look at the outline so that you will be more confident.
考点：spend sth. in doing sth.
2. 出事后不久，朱莉就被停职了。

（suspend）（2017年徐汇区二模翻译题）
Julie was suspended from her job shortly after the incident.
考点：sb. be suspended from sth.
3. 一些欧洲国家一直不愿意接受非洲移民，部分原因是他们担心社会安全问题。

（reluctant）（2017年徐汇区二模翻译题）
Some European countries have been reluctant to admit African immigrants partly because they are concerned about social security problems.
考点：be reluctant to do sth.
4. 公共场所全面禁烟有助于人们养成健康的生活习惯，并能有效预防某些疾病的发生。

（prevent）（2017年松江区二模翻译题）
The comprehensive ban of smoking in public places can help people develop healthy lifestyles and effectively prevent certain diseases from happening.
考点：prevent…from
5. 出乎我的意料，年轻人对中国古诗词显示出了极大的热情。

（passion）（2017年杨浦区二模翻译题）
Beyond my expectation , young people showed tremendous passion for ancient Chinese poetry .
考点：showed tremendous passion for ancient Chinese poetry .的表述
6. 新颁布的禁烟令得到了广大市民的支持。

（ban ）（2017年杨浦区二模翻译题）
The newly-issued ban on smoking has been supported by most citizens.
考点：The newly-issued ban的表述
7.新的交通法规规定，机动车在任何情况下都得避让行人。

(way)（2017年崇明二模）
The new traffic regulations make it a rule that vehicles must give way to pedestrians in any cases.
(1+2+1)
考点：it做形式宾语
8.说起健康时，世界各地的人都将增加睡眠放在第一位，而非饮食健康、加强锻炼或补充维
生素。

(priority)（2017年崇明二模）
When it comes to being healthy, the top priority for people all over the world is having more sleep rather than eating health food, exercising more or taking vitamins.
9.把难记的单词或句子同一件有趣的事情联系起来，记住它们就轻而易举了。

（associate）（2017年虹口二模）
It will be / is very easy to memorize difficult words or sentences if / when you associate them with interesting / funny things. / … if / when they are associated with interesting / funny
things.
10.人们理所应当地认为花的钱越多就越有可能获得高品质的体验。

（grant）（2017年普陀二模）
People take it for granted that the more you spend the more likely you are
to get a quality experience.
六．考点：被动语态
1.这本词典需要做彻底修改，什么时候再版还不得而知。

（revise）（2017年闵行二模）
The dictionary needs to be thoroughly revised , and it’s unknown when it will be republished.
考点：被动语态的用法
七．考点：重点词组
1. 永远不要对你孩子的缺点熟视无睹。

（blind）（2017年黄埔二模）
Never turn a blind eye to your kid’s shortcomings.
考点：turn a blind eye to的用法
2. 申请人必须精通英语，否则他无法胜任这个岗位。

（command）（2017年黄埔二模）The applicants must have a good command of English / command English well ,or he won’t be qu alified for the job.
考点：have a good command of sth.的用法
3. 除了美味的咖啡和甜品，这间咖啡馆还提供各种书籍，从小说到诗歌，应有尽有，足以让你安静地度过一个下午。

（range）（2017年黄埔二模）
Besides nice coffee and dessert, the café provides all kinds of books, ranging from novel to poetry , so that you can stay for a whole quiet afternoon.
考点：range from的用法
4. 公共场所全面禁烟有助于人们养成健康的生活习惯，并能有效预防某些疾病的发生。

（prevent) （2017年闵行二模）
The comprehensive ban of smoking in public places can help people develop healthy lifestyles and effectively prevent certain diseases from happening.
考点：protect from的用法
5. 一副油画赠予了该美术馆，以纪念两个城市间的珍贵友谊。

(honor) （2017年浦东二模）An oil painting was given/presented to the gallery in honor of /to honor/honoring the precious friendship between the two cities.
考点：honor的用法
6.这位年轻的科学家把获得的众多突出成就归功于从高中时期开始就博览群书、做事持之以恒、不甘落后。

(owe) （2017年浦东二模）
The young scientist owed the many outstanding achievements he had made to the fact that since high school, he had been reading widely, always persevered in whatever he was doing and unwilling to lag behind.
考点：owe...to...的用法
7.演讲前，花点时间看一下提纲，你会更自信。

（spend）（2017年金山、长宁二模）Before making a speech, spend some time taking a look at the outline so that you will be more confident.
考点：spend的用法
8.两年后这个主题公园将对公众开放，但是它是否盈利尚未确定。

（remain）（2017年金山、长宁二模）
This theme park will be open to the public in two years, but whether it will make profits remains to be seen.
考点：remain及被动语态的用法
9. 这只训练有素的警犬对任何声响都很警觉。

(alert)（2017年崇明二模）
The well-trained police dog is alert to any sound. (1+1+1)
考点：alert的用法
10. 根据最新颁布的交通法，车内任何人员都必须系好安全带。

(fasten)（2017年奉贤二模）According to the newly-issued traffic laws, anyone in a car must fasten the seat belt.
考点：fasten的用法
11.这是一个简单的故事，但是简单并不代表缺乏深度。

（lack）（2017年奉贤二模）
This is a si mple story, but simplicity doesn’t mean a lack of depth.
12.随着时间的推移，那本日记上的字迹现在已模糊不清，难以辨认。

（With）（2017年虹口二模）
With the time passing by, the writing / handwriting in the diary has now become so faint / vague that it is hard to identify / recognize / make out.
13.她在舞台上的表现让她成了“网红”。

（become）（2017年虹口二模）
Her performance at stage made her become a “internet celebrity”.
八．考点名词性从句
1. 两年后这个主题公园将对公众开放，但是它是否盈利尚未确定。

（remain）（2017年青浦区二模翻译题）
This theme park will be open to the public in two years, but whether it will make profits remains to be seen.
考点：whether引导主语从句
2. 一考定终身的日子已经一去不复返了，但不可否认的是考试越多，学生压力越大。

（denying ）（2017年杨浦区二模翻译题）
Gone are the day when one examination could determine students’ fate , but there is no denying that the more examinations they have , the more stressful they will feel.
考点：同位语从句There is no denying that...的运用
3. 利用好图书馆无疑会对你的学习有益。

(doubt)（2017年崇明二模）
There is no doubt that taking advantage of the library will benefit your study. (1+1+1)
No doubt/Without doubt, taking advantage of the library will benefit your study. (1+1+1) Taking advantage of the library, without doubt, is good for your study. (1+1+1)
考点：There is no doubt that句型的用法
4.看到他的表情，我忍不住把实情告诉了他。

(resist)（2017年虹口二模）
Seeing his facial expressions / look, I couldn’t resist telling him the truth / telling the truth to him.
（二）解题思路：如何做好中译英翻译题
一、分析句子结构、寻找合适的句型
一般来说，中译英的句型可分为三大类：1.简单句；2.并列句；3.复合句；同时我们也要注意非谓语动词及其他一些特殊结构。

回顾近几年的高考试题时，也不难发现试题中考了一些特殊句式。

如：It句型(近几年考得较为频繁)、倒装句、with结构。

E.g. 昨天我的电脑坏了。

(wrong)
解析：本题考查：1)简单句There be结构；2)wrong的用法；3)中英文表达的差异。

译句：There was something wrong with my computer yesterday.
二、明确考核要点、选择词语搭配
在高考翻译题中，我们也不难发现，每一句常含有二、三个词语搭配，翻译时稍不注意就会失分。

因此，在做每一道中译英题时，首先要确定句中几组(个)动词或动词词组，然后选定恰当的词语以及相应的搭配，尤其要注意括号内所给词语的准确运用。

E.g. 我迟到的原因是他们没通知我开会的时间。

（inform）
解析：此句要注意运用inform sb. of sth.这个固定搭配
译句：The reason why I was late was that they had not informed me of the time of the meeting.
三、确定时态和语态、注意前后呼应
时态语态一直是英语考试中考查的重点。

在高考英语翻译中，每句一般都含有二三个动词或动词词组，因此，正确的思路应该是首先浏览全句中文，考生要能够做到根据句中的时间状语和字里行间所给出的提示来定位一个基本时态，即主句的动词时态，而其他动词必须与之呼应。

E.g. 听到2008年在北京举办奥运会的消息时，人们欣喜若狂。

(news that)(2003年春考)分析：本题考查：1)主句、从句的时态；2)同位语从句；3)成语“欣喜若狂”的翻译。

译文：People were wild with joy at the news that Olympic Games would be held in Beijing in 2008.
四、了解文化差异、避免中式英语
作为中学生，在学习英语时，特别应该注重中英文表述习惯的不同之处，克服母语造成的潜在障碍，在做中译英题时，切忌将两种语言对等地进行交换，尤其是对成语、俗语的翻译，否则就贻笑大方了。

E.g. 如果你方便的话，请帮我去邮局寄一些包裹。

（convenient）
分析：中文中习惯说“你方便的话”，但在翻译时如果按照直译翻成you are convenient，就出
现了严重的问题。

所以一定要按照英语的习惯理解成如果这对你而言方便的话。

译文：If it is convenient to you, please go to the post office to send these parcels for me.
（三）高频句型
一, not … until… / Not until… / It was not until… that…
二, The more… the more…
三, No matter how / however + adj. / adv. + S + V
四, 让步状语从句)
五，
六，where / wherever
七，the first time = when … for the first time；every time / each time = whenever the moment / the instant = as soon as
八，This / It is the first / second time that …have done；It was the first time that…had done; It is (high/about) time that…did；It is time for sb. to do sth.
九，It will (not) be …before… does （It won’t be long before…）
It was (not) ...before (i)
十，It is (has been)...since ...did；It was...before (i)
十一，Never, Never before/ Nowhere else, Seldom, Little （倒装句）
十二，Only + 状语(介词、副词、从句)，倒装句
十三，So + adj / adv , 部分倒装that Cl；Such + n , 部分倒装that Cl.
十四，祈使句/ 名词，or / and …
十五，The reason (why )+ 句子/ for (doing ) sth… was / is that Cl.
十六，It’s (high / about) time that…did…；It is the first time that…have done…
It was the first time that…had done；It is time for sb. to do sth.
十六，By the time…
十七，What moved / touched / struck sb. was + N. / that
十八，被动语态句子：should/must +be done; need to be done...
二十，It is / was (in)convenient (for sb.) to do sth.；If it is convenient to/for sb,…
二十二，It is/ was likely that…；Sb/ sth be likely to do…；It is possible for sb. to do…
二十三，It is /was (im)possible that…/ it is (im)possible for sb to do sth
二十四，It is hard to imagine / believe / foresee/forecast…
二十五，→find it hard to do…；It is no /not any good /use doing
二十六，There is no need (for sb) to do sth
二十七，There is no doubt that…
二十八, There is no/ little possibility that…/ of doing…;
→It is not possible for sb. to do…
二十九, There is no / not much / not any point (in) doing …; It is no use doing…
三十, There is no denying that …
三十一, There happened/s to be…; There seemed/s to be…
There is likely to be…; There is bound to be…
三十二, It (so) happened/s that…; It seemed/s that…
三十三, It matters much / a lot ; It matters little = it doesn’t matter
三十四, What (really) matters (to sb) is ….
三十五，(it is) not …but (that)...
三十六, It is +adj. +that…
三十七, bear / keep sth. in mind; bear / keep in mind that…
→take it into consideration that…;
三十八, take sth/it for granted (that); it is taken for granted that …
三十九, find / feel / think / consider + it + adj. / n. + to do sth. / that…
四十, make it + adj. (difficult/easy/possible/convenient…) + (for sb.) to do / that …;
make + sth. + adj. sth. be made + adj.
四十一, make it a rule to do / that …(make it a rule to do的结构更正规)
四十二, It is up to sb to do sth
四十三, see to it that … = make sure that … 注意从句时态为一般时
四十四, It is +adj. (for sb) to do …
四十五, It is (generally) believed / thought/ acknowledged that…
四十六, I would appreciate it (very much ) if you could …
I appreciate one’s kindness in doing sth
四十七, those who…
四十八, be to blame (for sth)
四十九, Contrary to one’s expectation / wish…; Contrary to what sb expected / thought, …
五十, With the development / increase / help / rise / improvement of…
五十一, cannot /never …too + adj. / adv.
五十二, not necessarily。