2020届高考英语复习疯狂专练五 代词和名词单句填空+语法填空(教师版)

当句子缺主语或宾语时，填代词：人称代词主格和宾格、指示代词或it 。

因为充当主语或宾语的应是名词
或代词，而在语法填空的纯空格中一般是不要求考生填名词的，所以只要句子缺主语或宾语，就填代词。

此时，要根据前后语境，看该空格是指人还是事物，指男还是指女，是单数还是复数。

除人称代词外，也有可能是填不定代词等。

还有可能是填作形式主语或形式宾语的it ，替代后面作真正的主语或宾语的不定式、动名词或从句。

解题技巧如下：
第一步：分析句子结构。

若句子缺主语，则要填代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it ；若动词或介词后面缺宾
语，则要填代词的宾格、指示代词、不定代词或it 。

如果该宾格与主语是同一人，应用反身代词。

第二步：理解句子意思。

根据各个代词的意义和用法，以及句子所需的意义，填入合适的代词。

人称代词 (主格/宾格)
反身代词
名词性物 主代词
常考的不定代词
指示代词
I/me
myself
mine
other/
another
this/ that
you
yourself/
yourselves
yours
both/neither/either
he/him
himself
his
all / none she/her herself hers
nothing/ nobody these/ those
it
itself
its
everything/
everybody we/us ourselves ours
anything/ anybody
they/them
themselves
theirs
something/
疯狂专练五
代词和名词单句填空+语法填空
常考考点
技巧点拨
名词复数变化：
以f,fe结尾特殊名词直接在词尾加
s roof-roofs（屋顶）
chief—chiefs (首领)
serf—serfs（农奴）
reef-reefs（礁石/暗礁）
hoof-hoofs（马蹄）
cliff-cliffs（悬崖）
gulf—gulfs (海湾/鸿沟)
belief-beliefs (信仰/信念)
proof -proofs（证据）
记忆口诀：
（屋顶）上的（首领）踩着（礁石）和（马蹄）带领（农奴）在（悬崖）(鸿沟)上找到了(信仰)和(证据).
改内部双元音及其它字母的名词复数
以及一些外来词名词加ren或者加en man---men 男人
woman-women女人
ox-oxen 牛
child—children(孩子们)
goose-geese 鹅
tooth-teeth牙齿
foot-feet 脚
mouse-mice老鼠
loues-lice寄生虫
basis-bases（基础）(将i 变为e)
记忆口诀：（男人/女人a 该e）(牛孩子们加en/ren)
（老鼠寄生将m,l后面改为ice）
1.【2018·全国卷III】When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ______ (they) alive.
【答案】them
【解析】考查代词。

此处做find 的宾语，所以用宾格them。

2.【2017·全国卷I I】However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using_____ every day.
【答案】it
【解析】考查代词。

句意：但是，铁路很快被印证是一次伟大的成功，在6个月里，25,000多人每天都使用它。

it指代the railway，故填it。

3.【2017·全国卷I I】It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ____ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.
【答案】crowds
【解析】考查名词。

此处表示复数概念，crowd前没有冠词，且它是可数名词，故填crowds。

4.【2018·全国卷III】I'm a _____ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
【答案】scientist
小题狂练
【解析】考查名词。

句意：我是一名研究动物的科学家，研究比如猿和猴子。

根据句意可知，此处指科学家，故填scientist。

5.【2018·全国卷I改编】It showed that a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7 (cause).
【答案】causes
【解析】考查名词复数。

一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。

根据句意用复数形式。

故填causes。

6. Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to _____ (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【答案】myself
【解析】句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。

本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。

故填myself。

7.Like university students, US high school students have the freedom to choose the courses that most
interest (they).
【答案】them
【解析】分析句子可知，interest为定语从句的谓语，后接人称代词宾格做宾语。

故填them。

st October, while tending her garden, she pulled out a handful of small (carrot) and was about to throw them away.
【答案】carrots
【解析】考查名词单复数。

根据上文的“a handful of”可知，此处表示一把小胡萝卜，所以应用carrot的复数形式。

9. Once in a speech the 64-year-old director shared his idea about how to make traditional ______(treasure) come alive again.
【答案】treasures
【解析】考查名词的数。

句意：在一次演讲中，这位64岁的导演分享了他关于如何让传统宝藏重新焕发生机的想法。

treasure为可数名词，此处表示数量不止一个，故填名词复数treasures。

10.Then he started to build more and more kinds of (model).
【答案】models
【解析】考查名词的数。

句意：然后他开始建立越来越多的模型。

model为可数名词，且根据上文more and more kinds of可知应填名词的复数形式models。

直击考题
passage1
【河南省豫西名校2018届高三下学期第一次联考】The story happened in ancient times. A king was so clever that he thought of a good way to test 1 his men were reliable.
One day, he had a huge rock 2 (place) on a roadway at night. Then he hid 3 (him) nearby and watched carefully to see if anyone would remove the big rock. Some 4 (wealth) businessmen and high officials came by, but they simply walked around it. Many of them even loudly blamed the king for not keeping the roads clear, but none of them would bother 5 (get) the big stone out of the way.
Then a villager came along carrying a load of vegetables. On 6 (approach) the big rock, he stopped and laid down his burden, trying hard to move the stone to the side of the road. After much pushing, he 7 (final) succeeded. As the villager picked up his load of vegetables, he noticed a purse lying in the road where the rock 8 (be). The purse contained many gold coins and a note from the king, saying that the gold was for the person 9 removed the huge rock from the road.
The villager learned a valuable lesson that many others would never understand: Every obstacle presents 10 opportunity to improve one’s condition.
【答案】
1．whether/if2．placed3．himself4．wealthy5．to get
6．approaching7．finally8．had been9．who/that10．an
【解析】
1.考查连词。

句意：这个故事发生在古代。

一个国王非常聪明，他想到了一个测试他的部下是否可靠的好方法。

分析句意可知是从句中缺少一个连接词，从意思分析是“是否”之意，故用whether/if。

2.考查过去分词作宾补。

句意：一天晚上，他把一块大石头放在巷道里。

根据句意可知stone和place是被动关系，石头是被放置，故要用过去分词作宾补。

所以要用placed。

3.考查反身代词。

句意：然后他躲在附近，仔细观察，看是否有人会把那块大石头移走。

hide himself nearby。

把自己藏在附近。

故用反身代词himself。

4.考查形容词做定语。

句意：一些有钱的商人和高级官员走过来，但他们只是绕着石头走。

wealth用于修饰businessmen，修饰名词的要用形容词，故用wealthy。

5.考查固定搭配。

句意：他们中的许多人甚至大声责备国王没有保持道路畅通，但他们谁也不愿把那块挡在路上大石头移走。

bother to do不愿意做，故填to get。

6.考查动名词。

句意：这时，一个村民提着一袋蔬菜走了过来。

他走近那块大石头，停下来放下包袱，努力把
石头移到路边。

on doing sth.为固定用法，“ 一……就……”，故填approching。

7.考查副词。

句意：几经努力，他终于成功了。

副词在句子中作状语，修饰整个句子，故要用finally。

8.考查过去完成时。

句意：当村民拿起他的蔬菜时，他注意到在原来有石头的路上有一个钱包。

分析句子可知是在曾有岩石的路上，而石头已被他搬走了。

他搬走了石头发生在过去，即大石头所在的路是过去的过去，要用过去完成时。

故用had been。

9.考查定语从句的关系词。

句意：钱包里有一个纸条说“金子是给把巨石从大路上搬走的那个人的。

”分析本句可知the person是先行词，在从句中作主语，故用who/that。

10.考查冠词。

句意：这个村民学到了许多人永远不会明白的宝贵教训：每一个障碍都是改变现状的机会。

Opportunity是元音读音开头的，要用an ，表示数字“一”。

故用an。

passage2
【2019届湖北八校高三第二次联考试卷】
For the first time in 94 years, the Palace Museum has extended its opening hours, allowing the public to celebrate the Lantern Festival at night in the ancient palace.
About 3,000 lucky visitors received free tickets from the government, among 1 was Zhang Zhifu, a 77-year-old public security volunteer. It’s a mark of gratitude for her volunteer work. “It is 2 (true) an honor to be granted this special privilege,” Zhang said.
To guarantee the 3 (safe) of the palace, festival organizers 4 (plan) this year’s Lantern Festival event used LED lights rather than traditional paper lanterns and red candles. It’s a fascinating event for visitors to absorb 5 (they) in the festive atmosphere in the museum. Discussion of the Palace Museum’s new look lit up social media following Tuesday’s display.
Since he became director of the Palace Museum, Shan Jixiang 6 (bring) many changes to the world’s 7 (large) royal complex (建筑群). Once in a speech the 64-year-old director shared his idea about how to make traditional 8 (treasure) come alive again. “ 9 matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are 10 people’s daily lives,” he said.
【答案】
1．whom2．truly3．safety4．planning5．themselves
6．has brought7．largest8．treasures9．What10．to
【解析】
1.考查定语从句连接词。

句意：大约3000名幸运的游客获得了政府的免费门票，其中包括77岁的公安志愿者
张志福。

whom引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词visitors，且在定语从句中作介词among的宾语，指人，故填whom。

2.考查副词。

句意：能被授予这样的特权真的是我的荣幸。

”副词修饰整句话，故填truly。

3.考查名词。

句意：为了保证故宫的安全，今年元宵节活动的组织者使用LED灯而不是传统的纸灯笼和红蜡烛。

根据the可知填名词，safety of the palace博物馆的安全，故填safety。

4.考查非谓语动词。

organizers与plan是主动关系，故填现在分词做后置定语，故填planning。

5.考查反身代词。

句意：这是一个吸引人的事件，让游客沉浸在博物馆的节日气氛中。

短语absorb oneself in表示“集中注意力在……上”，指代visitors，故填themselves。

6.考查动词时态。

句意：自从成为故宫博物院院长以来，单霁翔给这个世界上最大的皇家建筑群带来了许多变化。

根据since可知用现在完成时，主语是单数名词，故填has brought。

7.考查形容词最高级。

句意：世界上最大的皇家建筑群。

根据句意可知应填形容词最高级，故填largest。

8.考查名词的数。

句意：在一次演讲中，这位64岁的导演分享了他关于如何让传统宝藏重新焕发生机的想法。

treasure为可数名词，此处表示数量不止一个，故填名词复数treasures。

9.考查名词性从句连接词。

句意：“对博物馆来说，重要的不是有多少游客，而是他们离人们的日常生活有多近，”他说。

what引导主语从句，因为从句中缺少主语，故填What。

10.考查介词。

短语be close to表示“靠近，接近”，故填介词to。

passage3
【四川省天府名校2020届高三上学期第一轮联合质量测评试题】
Mac was cycling along a road. With a heavy camp bag, he wasn’t moving very fast. Suddenly he heard loud breathing behind him. 1 (look) to his side, he was 2 (terrify) to find it wasn’t a dog but a wolf that was running after him. He reached 3 the spray in the bag. With one hand on the handlebar, he fired it. A bright red color covered the wolf and it fell back shaking its head. But a minute 4 (late) it was by his side again. He sprayed 5 second time, the wolf falling back again but only to quickly restart 6 (it) attack. The wolf was getting closer. Mac waved and yelled at passing 7 (motorist) but meanwhile rode hard. He knew clearly he must be careful not to slow down. 8 (fortunate), Paul and Becky were driving along the same road when they spotted the scene. They drove toward Mac. When the car was in front of him, Mac jumped off the bike and dashed for the back door. Paul 9 (open) the door so as to let Mac in. It was quite a while 10 Mac became calm and thanked them.
【答案】
1. Looking
2.terrified
3.for
ter
5.a
6. its
7.motorists
8.Fortunately
9.opened 10.before
【解析】
1.考查非谓语动词。

he和look之间是主动关系，故用look的现在分词形式，故填Looking。

2.考查形容词。

be terrified to do sth做某事感到恐惧。

故填terrified。

3.考查介词。

reach for伸手去拿。

故填for。

4.考查副词。

a minute later一分钟之后。

故填later。

5.考查冠词。

a second time又一次。

故填a。

6.考查代词。

用形容性物主代词修饰名词attack。

故填its。

7.考查名词。

根据语境，这里表示不止一个motorist,故用其复数形式。

故填motorists。

8.考查副词。

根据前文Mac向别人求助，可是没有人能帮他。

而后文提到，Mac的朋友们正朝他开车过来，可知这对Mac来说是幸运的一件事。

故填Fortunately。

9.考查时态。

事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时，故填opened。

10.考查连词。

句意：过了一会儿，Mac才冷静下来，并对他们道谢。

it is+一段时间+before意为过了多久才，故填before。

passage4
【2019年广东省梅州市高三第一次质量检测】A phenomenon known as “in-need-of-praise” has taken Chinese social media by storm. Users can now join a chat group on WeChat or QQ, where they will 1 (praise) and gain encouragement from others — for a price. The “in-need-of-praise” chat groups are a reflection of Chinese culture 2 values modesty and humility(谦逊), leading many people to often cover their true emotions. In Chinese culture, 3 (open) seeking and giving praise is uncommon. The trend seemed to have started with a chat group on the platform Douban four years ago. Since March many other chat groups 4 (become) popular, especially among young people. For them, gaining recognition from peers is more important than getting approval from older generations. They can feel 5 sense of belonging and gain praise in these chat groups, which is 6 (benefit) to their mental health. It’s also an outlet for users to show 7 (kind) and support each other. Life pressure can be big enough, so we need to be surrounded by warm 8 (word), or even some blind confidence. But anyone 9 (receive) or giving praise in such groups should be cautious. The biggest risk is the constant focus on the “false self,” which makes 10 harder to see the “true self”.
【答案】
1．be praised2．that/which3．openly4．have become5．a
6．beneficial7．kindness8．words9．receiving10．it
【解析】
1．考查语态。

句意：一种被称为“求赞”的现象席卷了中国社交媒体。

用户现在可以加入微信或QQ上的一个聊天群，在那里他们会受到表扬，并从其他人那里获得鼓励——但要付出一定的代价。

从句的主语是they，will 是情态动词，praise“表扬，赞赏”与主语they是动宾关系，应该用被用语态。

故填be praised。

2．考查定语从句关系词。

句意：“求赞”的聊天群反映了中国文化中崇尚谦虚和谦逊的精神，导致很多人经常掩盖自己的真实情感。

这是一个定语从句，先行词是Chinese culture，从句谓语是values，宾语是modesty and humility，缺少主语，指中国文化。

故填that/which。

3．考查副词。

句意：在中国文化中，公开寻求和给予赞扬是不常见的。

用副词修饰seeking and giving。

故填openly。

4．句意：自3月以来，许多其他的聊天群组变得流行起来，尤其是在年轻人当中。

根据since引导的时间状语从句可知主句时态用完成时，从时间“自3月份以来”可知是现在完成时，主语是many other chat groups，故填have become。

5．考查冠词。

句意：在这些聊天群中，他们可以感受到归属感，并获得赞扬，这对他们的心理健康是有益的。

根据sense“感觉”，名词，可知此处用冠词，构成短语“a sense of… 一种…感”。

故填a。

6．考查形容词。

句意：在这些聊天群中，他们可以感受到归属感，并获得赞扬，这对他们的心理健康是有益的。

系动词is后接形容词作表语。

短语be beneficial to意为“有益于”。

故填beneficial。

7．考查名词。

句意：这也是用户表达善意和互相支持的一个渠道。

根据动词show，且and连接的并列宾语support是名词，此处也应该用名词。

故填kindness。

8．考查名词复数。

句意：生活的压力可以很大，所以我们需要被温暖的话语包围，甚至一些盲目的自信。

名。