新概念英语第二册自学导读Lessons20.doc

新概念英语第二册自学导读Lessons20 课文详注 Further notes on the text
1．I often fish for hours without catching anything.我经常一钓数小时却一无所获。

without通常表示“缺乏”、“没有”：
I can't repair the car without your help.
没有你的协助我无法修理这车。

当它位于动名词前时，它表示“不曾”、“不”：
They tried to leave the restaurant without paying.
他们企图不付账就离开餐馆。

John left the room without telling anyone.
约翰离开房间时不曾告诉任何人。

2．Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and
rubbish. 他们往往鱼钓不到，却钓上来些旧靴子和垃圾。

instead instead of 有“作为替代”、“反而”等含义，一般以短语形式
出现：
Jack took part in the race instead of Tony. 杰克代替托尼参加了比赛。

Instead of sugar, he bought some salt.
他没有买糖，而是买了些盐。

副词 instead单独使用时一般出现在句尾：
If you don't want a holiday in England, why don't you go
to Australia instead?
如果你不想在英国度假，那你什么不去澳大利呢？
3．I am even less lucky.我的运气甚至不及他。

less 是 little的比，意“不及”、“不如”、“更少”：Tom has got little chocolate, and Jack has got even less.
姆只有一点儿巧克力，杰克更少。

I spend less time on English than on French.
我花在英上的比花在法上的少。

（cf.第8法）
4．⋯ I always go home with an empty bag. ⋯⋯然后空着袋子回家。

with能表示“有⋯⋯的”、“持有⋯⋯的”、“随身着⋯⋯”
等：
Who's the man with the umbrella?
那个的男人是？
Who's the man with the beard?
那个留胡子的男人是？
Who's the woman with the little boy?
着那个小男孩的女人是？
5．I'm not really interested in fishing.我并不是真的有趣。

表示“ ⋯⋯感趣”一般用 be interested in sth. /doing sth. ：
Tim is only interested in food.
蒂姆只食物感趣。

I'm interested in collecting stamps.
我集有趣。

法 Grammar in use
名（ The Gerund）（ 1）
名和在分的形式完全一，都是由 +-ing 构成。

-ing 形式作名称名。

从广上，名能代替名，即使
它像一可。

像名一，它能作主：
Dancing is fun. I love it.
跳舞有意思，我喜跳舞。

Walking quickly is difficult.
走快是很的。

（名+副作主）
Washing the car makes him dirty.
擦洗汽把他身上弄了。

（名+作主）
名也能作或介：
Mary is keen on cooking.
衷于烹。

（介）
Congratulations on passing your exams!
祝你通考！
能够带动名词的介词通常有 before ，after ，instead of ， without 等。

用介词 +动名词结构能够将两个短句合为一句话，或者将
一个从句变为动名词结构。

动名词的否定式是在它前面直接加not ：Tom always knocks before entering a room.
汤姆在走进一个房间前总要敲门。

He apologized for not writing to you.
他为没给你写信而表示道歉。

动名词也能够用表示完成时的having + 过去分词结构：
You can't leave the restaurant without having paid the
bill.
在没有付账之前你不能离开饭店。

词汇学习 Word study
1．catch vt.
（1）捉住，逮住，捕获：
The police have caught the thief.
警察已逮住那个小偷。

Have you caught any fish today?
你今天钓到鱼了吗？
（2）抓住，握住：
Tom caught the thief by the arm.
汤姆抓住小偷的胳膊。

Can you catch the ball?
你能接住球吗？
（3）即时赶到，赶上：
I want to catch the eight nineteen(train) to London.
我想赶 8 点 19 分的火车去伦敦。

2．realize vt.
（1）实现（希望、目标、愿望等）：
She has realized her hope to be an actress.
她实现了自己当一名演员的愿望。

（2）使变为事实，使发生（常用于被动语态）：
This plan can never be realized.
这个计划永远不可能变成事实。

（3）理解，知道，明白，意识到：
I went into the wrong room without realizing it.
我无意中走错了房间。

I hope you realize that you've made a big mistake.
我希望你明白你已经犯了个大错误。

realize 和 understand 表示这个意思时有时能够互换，有时则不能够。

在上面的例句中，第 1 句不可用 understand ，第 2 句则能够。

又如：
I an did not understand English.
伊恩不懂英语。

（不可用realize）
3．interested与interesting
大部分在分和很多去分都能作形容用。

常的以- ed 和-ing 尾的成的形容有excited/ exciting, tired/
tiring, interested/ interesting等。

以-ed尾的形容常与人称
主用，表示人的情、状、喜好等；以 -ing 尾的形容常与非人称主用，
表明事物的某种特征、性等：
This story is exciting.
故事激人心。

I am excited by the story.
我因故事而。

It was an exciting finish.
（比的）尾激人心。

Sally was very excited because she had never travelled
on a train before.
莉非常激，因她从未乘火。

The play was very interesting.
很有意思。

Are you interested in plays?
你有趣？
答案 Key to written exercises
1．关句型答案
A Fishing(1.1); catching(11.1-2); catching(1. 3); having
spent(1.5); fishing(1.6); fishing⋯sitting(1.8); doing (1.9)
C 1 he went out of the restaurant without paying the bill.
2 She bought a pair of boots instead of getting a pair
of shoes.
3 She was afraid of spending the night alone.
4 After hearing/having heard the news, she fainted.
5 Think carefully before answering my question.
6 On seeing the plane coming towards me, I dashed for cover.
2．点答案
1realized 2It's ⋯understand ⋯its 3exciting 4interesting
5exciting 6interested
3．多答案
1b 2c 3b 4b 5c 6b
7c 8a 9c 10c 11d 12a。