although ,though

although与though的联系与区别

一、用作连词

两者均可用作连词，表示“虽然”，常可换用，只是 although比 though.更为正式。如：Although 〔Though〕 the sun was shining， I took an umbrella (just) in case. 虽然有太阳，但我仍带了雨伞以防万一。

Although 〔Though〕she didn’t say anything I sensed (that) she didn’t like the idea. 她虽然什么也没说，但我已意识到她不喜欢这个主意。We lost the game although〔though〕 we tried our best. 我们输了，尽管我们已尽了最大的努力。

两者所引导的从句均可有所省略。如：

Though very intelligent， she is still rather modest. 她很聪明，但仍很谦虚。(Though后省略了 she is)

Although in pain， she bravely blinked back her tears. 她虽然很疼痛，但还是硬把眼泪抑制住了。(Although 后省略了 she was)

Although 〔Though〕 divorced they continued to live under the same roof. 他们已经离婚了，但仍然同住在一座房子里。(Although / Though后省略了 they were)

注意：用于此义的 although 和 though 均不能在其后搭用连词but。如：虽然下着雨，但我们还是去了那儿。

误：Though 〔Although〕 it was raining， but we went there.

正： Though 〔Although〕 it was raining， we went there.

但有时为了强调，其后连用 still， yet， nevertheless 等副词却是可能的。如：

Though she said she would be late， yet she arrived on time. 她说她会迟到，但她却准时到达了。

Although he was very tired， nevertheless he kept on working. 他虽然很疲倦，可仍在继续工作。

二、用作副词

although 一般不用作副词，而 though 可用作副词，且一般放在句末(不放在句首)，意为“可是”“不过”。如：It’s hard work; I enjoy it though. 工作很辛苦，可是我乐意干。

I expect you’re right; I’ll ask him， though. 我认为你说得对——我去问问他也好。

She promised to phone. I heard nothing， though.她答应要打电话来，可我没听到回信。

这样用的 though 有时可与 however 换用。如：We all tried our best. We lost the game， though 〔however〕. 我们都已尽了最大的力量，但我们还是输了。

三、用于习语

在 as though(好像，仿佛)， even though (即使，纵然)等固定短语中不能用 although。如：

He talks as though he knew anything. 他夸夸其谈好像无所不知。

It looked as though they had been quarreling. 看起来他们刚才好像在吵架。

I like her even though she can be annoying.尽管她有时很恼人，但我还是喜欢她。

He’s the best teacher even though he has the least experience. 他尽管经验最少，但教得最好。

四、用于倒装结构

though引导的让步状语从句可用部分倒装的形式(注意：倒装后位于句首的名词之前不用冠词)，但 although 一般不这样用。如：

Poor though I am， I can afford it. 我虽穷，但这东西还是买得起的。

Child though he was， he did quite well. 他虽是孩子，但干得很好。

Poor though you might be， you cannot live all your life on charity. 尽管你穷，你也不能一辈子靠救济过活。

说明：这样用的 though 不能换成 although，但可换成 as如：

Try as 〔though〕 I would， I could not prevail upon him to follow my advice. 尽管我想方设法，我仍不能说服他照我的意见行事。

In spite of = despite，两者都是介词，后面接名词或动名词，如果要加句子，必须用in spite of the fact that = despite the fact that = though = although + 从句，但是despite of是不存在的，是错误的。

虚拟语气

1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中

（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be 动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。如：

If I were a boy, I would join the army.

If the had time, she should go with you.

（2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。如：

If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.

（3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/ could might + 动词原形。如；

If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.

（4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：

If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)

以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：

条件状语从句主句

与过去事实相反had + 过去分词should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词

与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were) would/should/could/might + 动词

原形

与将来事实相反一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形

Would/should/cold/might + 动词原形

有时侯在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主语”。如：

Were I a boy, I would join the army.

Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.

Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.

2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句

（1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。

①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如：

I wish it were spring all the year round.

I wish I had known the answer.

I wish I could fly like a bird.

②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形。如：

She suggested we (should)leave here at once.

The doctor ordered she should be operated.

（2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。

作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should）+ 动词原形”。如：

His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.

My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.

（3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。

在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如：

It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.

It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.

It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.

注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。如：

It is pity that you can’t swim.

3、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用

（1）虚拟语气在as if/as though、even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。如：

He did it as if he were an expert.

Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.

（2）虚拟语气用于定语从句中。

这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) … ”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should + 动词原形，意思是“(现在)该……”。如：It’s time that I picked up my daughter.

It’s high time we were going.

（3）虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中。如：

If only I were a bird.

If only I had taken his advice.

（4）虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。

①情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中。如：

It would be better for you not to stay up too late.

Would you be kind enough to close the door?

②用于一些习惯表达法中。如：

Would you like a cup of tea?

I would rather not tell you.