中考人教版英语 语法复习+ 阅读完型专项训练

中考人教版英语语法复习+ 阅读完型专项训练
（一）
语法一、代词
代词易错点清单
1. 代词的主格和宾格混淆。

Look! These red apples are all for he.
看，这些红苹果都是给他的。

解析：代词he在介词for的后面作宾语，应用代词的宾格形式。

he的宾格形式是him，所以把he改为him。

改后：Look! These red apples are all for him.
2. 形容词性和名词性物主代词的用法混淆。

The big yellow pears belong to me; the rest small ones are his and her.
这些大黄梨是我的，其余小的是他和她的。

解析：本题是考查名词性物主代词的用法，his既可以是形容词性物主代词，也可以是名词性物主代词。

而her是形容词性物主代词，要和名词连用。

所以应该用名词性物主代词hers。

改后：The big yellow pears belong to me; the rest small ones are his and hers.
3. 反身代词和人称代词相混淆。

Who taught your sister English? Nobody. She learned it all by her.
谁教你姐姐英文的？没有人。

她全靠自己学的。

解析：从句子的意思理解，介词by后应该用反身代词表示“某人自己独自做某事”。

所以把her改为herself。

改后：Who taught your sister English? Nobody. She learned it all by herself.
4. 反身代词人称和数与它所指的名词或代词不一致。

Boys and girls! Enjoy yourself!
孩子们，祝你们玩得愉快!
解析：enjoy oneself意思是“玩得愉快”，但boys and girls是复数形式，所以后面的反身代词要用复数形式。

故应该把yourself改为yourselves。

改后：Boys and girls! Enjoy yourselves!
5. 一些不定代词的用法相混淆。

(1) Don’t worry! There is wrong nothing with your father.
别担心，你父亲没什么事。

解析：形容词修饰不定代词时，形容词要放在不定代词的后面。

所以把wrong nothing改为nothing wrong。

改后：Don’t worry! There is nothing wrong with your father.
(2) The boy made all his hands dirty.
这个男孩两只手都弄脏了。

解析：all 用于三者或三者以上都……，此处应该用both代替all，表示两者都。

改后：The boy made both his hands dirty.
语法二、并列连词
并列连词and, but, or, so, both...and..., not only...but (also)..., either...or..., neither...nor...
1. and的用法
(1) 并列连词and意为“和，又”，表示并列关系，常用来连接表示对等成分的单词、短语或者句子，表示意思的顺延或增补。

例如：
Our math teacher is kind and helpful. 我们的数学老师既善良又乐于助人。

I went to the supermarket and bought some vegetables this morning. 我今天早上去超市买了一些蔬菜。

Her uncle gave her a new bike as her birthday present and she liked it very much. 她叔叔给她买了一辆新自行车作为生日礼物，她很喜欢。

（连接两个简单句，表示意思的顺延）
(2) and用作并列连词有多重含义，除了表示并列关系外，还可以表示目的（and之后）和条件（and 之前）等关系。

例如：
Be careful, and you will make fewer mistakes. 仔细一点，这样你犯的错误就更少了。

（Be careful表示条件）
2. but的用法
并列连词but意为“但是”，表示转折关系，所连接的成分意思相反或相对。

例如：
Our school is small but beautiful. 我们的学校很小，但却很美。

The car is very old but it runs very fast. 这辆车很旧，但跑得很快。

3.or的用法
(1) 并列连词or意为“或者”，表示选择关系。

例如：
Do you often go to school on foot or by bike? 你通常步行去学校还是骑自行车去学校？
You can stay here, or you can leave. 你要么留在这里，要么离开。

(2) 在否定句中否定并列成分时，用or，而不用and。

例如：
I can't speak English or French. 我不会讲英语和法语。

（不能使用and）
(3) 英语中，“祈使句+or+简单句”结构也是一种常用句型。

句型中，or意为“否则”，祈使句相当于一个条件，可以和以“if”引导的条件状语从句进行转换。

例如：
Put on your coat, or you will catch a cold. = If you don't put on your coat, you will catch a cold.（转换成以“if”引导的条件状语从句时，要去掉并列连词or）
4.so的用法
并列连词so表示“因此、所以”之意，常用来连接两个简单句，这两个简单句有意思上的因果关系。

例如：
The rain began to fall, so we went home. 开始下雨了，所以我们回家了。

Everyone in the town knew him, so we had no trouble finding his house. 镇上的每个人都认识他，所以我们找到他家没有困难。

注意：so和从属连词because（因为）不能一起连用。

也就是说使用了because，就不能用so。

例如：
He was ill, so he didn't go to school. 他生病了，所以他没去上学。

He didn't go to school because he was ill. 他没去上学，因为他生病了。

5. both...and...意为“既……又……，……和……都”。

例如：
Both New York and London have traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。

He both speaks and writes Spanish. 他既会说也会写西班牙语。

注意：当both...and...连接两个成分在句中作主语时，谓语动词总是用复数形式。

例如：
Both she and I are good at English. 她和我都擅长英语。

6. not only...but (also)... 意为“不仅……而且……；不但……而且……”，其中also也可以省略。

通常用于连接两个相同的句子成分，即所谓的“对称结构”。

例如：
Not only I but also Tom and Mary are fond of watching television.不仅我，而且Tom和Mary都喜欢看电视。

He not only goes to work on weekdays, but also on weekends. 他不仅工作日去上班，周末也去上班。

注意：当not only...but (also)...连接两个名词作主语时，其谓语动词应与就近的一个主语在人称上保持一致，这就是我们通常说的“就近原则”。

例如：
Not only the students but also their teacher is watching the film. 不仅学生们在观赏这部影片，他们的老师也在观赏这部影片。

7. either...or...意为“要么……要么……；或者……或者……；不是……就是……”之意。

表示两者之一，用于连接表示选择关系的词。

例如：
When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances. 那个女孩高兴时，不是唱就是跳。

Either you or she is good at drawing. 要么你，要么她擅长绘画。

注意：either...or... 连接两个主语时，应遵循“就近原则”。

例如：
Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。

8. neither...nor...表示“既不……也不……”。

其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成分。

例如：
She likes neither butter nor cheese. 她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢乳酪。

Neither you nor she is good at drawing. 你和她都不擅长绘画。

注意：当neither...nor...连接两个主语时，也应遵循“就近原则”。

例如：
Neither my parents nor I am at home today. 今天我父母和我都不在家。

阅读完型专项训练
先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项。

A giant panda ran away from the zoo in London. He walked and walked and became___1___. He walked into a restaurant, where he found a ___2___ at an empty table. A waiter took the panda's order.
After he ___3___ his dinner, the panda stood up, calmly pulled out a gun which he had hidden, and fired into the air. ___4___ he turned around and walked toward the door.
Naturally, the waiter was horrified（恐惧的）, but he tried hard to pull himself together（振作起来）and stopped him for a(n) ___5___.
The panda said to him, "What do I look like to ___6___?"
The waiter answered, "Well, a giant panda, of course."
"That's right," said the panda. "Look it up." and he walked out.
The waiter called the___7___. When they arrived, the waiter told them the whole story, ___8___ the panda's words "looking it up". So the police officer ___9___ a young man out to get an encyclopedia（百科全书）.
The young man returned with the encyclopedia. The officer ___10___ "panda" and there was the answer, "Giant panda, lives in China, eats shoots （竹笋）and leaves."
1.A. tired B. angry C. crazy D. hungry
2、A. seat B. note C. waiter D. newspaper
3.A. ordered B. finished C. served D. cooked
4.A. So B. Once C. Then D. Also
5.A. talk B. excuse C. question D. explanation
6.A. us B. him C. you D. them
7.A. bosses B. police C. neighbors D. customers
8.A. about B. like C. without D. including
9.A. sent B. took C. drove D. invited
10.A. turned to B. asked for C. looked up D. called on
Keys:DABCD CBDAC
阅读下列材料，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳选项。

Are you learning English and do you need help with grammar? Do you want to learn new vocabulary or slang (俚语)? Well, you can find help online with these top 5 free English as a Second Language websites.
1. Dave's ESL Cafe
This is a complete website that can help you learn and practise English. You can read many stories and do a lot of exercises to test yourself. You can also post questions and answers onto the help centre.
2.
You can get free English courses from and you'll get regular e-mails that will help you learn English.
3. The Classroom by Voice of America
You can watch videos and listen to news stories to improve your listening and vocabulary skills. You can also listen to English words and learn their meanings.
4. Heinle's Newbury House Dictionary of American English
Do you need to find the definition of a word? Use this online dictionary to find simple and clear definitions, as well as example sentences. You can also find different cultural facts.
5. Personal English Portal (门户网站) on YouTube
You can watch a series of videos on YouTube to develop your listening skills. You can also do a search for “learn English” on YouTube to find other videos. This is a good way to practise English and have fun.
1.If you want to do English exercises and test yourself, you can go to ______.
A.
B. YouTube
C. Dave's ESL Cafe
D. the Classroom by Voice of America
2.You can ______ at the help centre on the website Dave's ESL Cafe.
A. watch videos and pictures
B. listen to news and music
C. watch movies and matches
D. post questions and answers
often sends e-mails to its visitors to help them ______.
A. get relaxed
B. have fun
C. become famous
D. learn English
4.The underlined word “definition”means “______”in Chinese.
A. 来源
B. 释义
C. 意图
D. 背景
5.From Heinle's Newbury House Dictionary of American English, you can find _______.
A. cultural information
B. online libraries
C. interesting news
D. many storybooks
Keys：CDDBA
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A young man was getting ready to finish school. For a long time he had looked forward to getting a beautiful sports car. He knew his father could well afford it, so he told him that was all he wanted.
Then on the morning of his graduation (毕业), his father called him into his private study. His father told him how proud he was to have such a fine son, and told him how much he loved him. He handed his son a beautiful gift box. Surprised, the young man opened the box and found a lovely Bible (圣经), with his name on it. Angrily, he raised his voice to his father and said, “With all your money you give me a Bible?” He then rushed out of the house, leaving the Bible.
Many years passed and the young man was very successful in business. He had a beautiful home and a wonderful family, but realizing his father was very old, he thought perhaps he should go to see him. He had not seen him since that graduation day. Before he could makearrangements (安排), he received a phone call telling him his father had passed away. He had to come home immediately and take care of the things that his father left him.
When he began to search through his father’s important papers, he saw the still new Bible, just as h e left it years ago. He opened the Bible and began to turn the pages. As he was reading, a car key with a tag (标牌) dropped from the back of the Bible. On the tag was the date of his graduation, and the words...“PAID IN FULL”. Sadness and regret filled his heart.
1.The underlined word “that” in Paragraph 1 refers to ______.
A. a car
B. a box
C. a Bible
D. a phone
2.The young man was angry on the morning of his graduation because ______.
A. his father couldn’t afford a car
B. he had to stay in his study
C. he thought he only got a Bible
D. his father spent all the money
3.Which of the following is NOT TRUE in the third paragraph?
A. The young man succeeded in his business.
B. The young man lived with his father all the time.
C. The young man decided to see his father.
D. The young man set up his own family.
4.It can be seen from the passage that the young man ______.
A. came to know the truth at last
B. had to pay for the car himself
C. became interested in the Bible
D. got angry with his father again
5.Choose the right order (顺序) according to this passage.
a. The young man left his father's study on the graduation day.
b. The young man became a successful businessman.
c. The father die
d.
d. The young man felt sad and regretful.
e. The father bought a car for his son.
A. a, c, b, e, d
B. e, a, b, c, d
C. a, e, c, b, d
D. e, c, b, d, a
Keys: ACBAB
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。

No one knows exactly when jazz was invented, or by whom. But it is said that it began in the early 1900s. Jazz was a new kind of music, for America and the world, and New Orleans was its birthplace.
Who were the jazz pioneers? Most were blacks. This music was not written down, and at first only blacks played it. It was hard for white musicians to learn the new style. But soon they, too, were playing jazz.
The popularity of this kind of music spread. From New Orleans, it traveled up the Mississippi to Chicago, then to Kansas City and New York. By the 1920s, there were many jazz musicians, both black and white. Many of them were famous. One man was better than the rest. His name was Louis Armstrong.
Louis Armstrong was a born musician. He was not only talented but also hard-working. He also had a good sense of humor and wore a big, good-natured smile. These personal qualities were valuable in his rise to fame. After he became famous, he traveled around the world. It seemed that everyone wanted to hear Louis play. But life was not always easy, especially at the beginning.
Louis Armstrong was born in 1900 in New Orleans. His father never went to school and his mother could hardly read. When Louis was still a kid, his parents separated, and Louis lived with his mother. How hard their life was can readily be imagined. And yet Louis smiled through everything. He later wrote, “My whole life has been
filled with happiness. Life was there for me and I accepted it. Whatever happened has been beautiful to me. I love everybody.”
1.What can we know exactly from the first paragraph?
A. Who invented jazz.
B. When jazz was invented.
C. Where jazz was invented.
D. Why jazz was invented.
2.The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refers to "________".
A. new styles
B. jazz pioneers
C. black musicians
D. white musicians
3.What made Louis Armstrong become the best jazz musician?
A. His family background.
B. His talent and hard work.
C. His good sense of humor.
D. His big, good-natured smiles.
4.Which of the following best expresses Louis Armstrong’s attitude (态度) to life?
A. He laughs best who laughs last.
B. Failure is the mother of success.
C. When you smile, the world smiles back.
D. Without music, life is a journey through a desert.
5.What is the passage mainly about?
A. The development of jazz.
B. The influence of jazz on Americans.
C. The achievements of Louis Armstrong.
D. The development of jazz and the best jazz musician.
Keys:CDBCD
一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷
1．阅读理解
Jenny wanted to encourage students to read more famous books, so she decided to put an introduction to some interesting children's story books in the school newspaper.
The Little Prince (《小王子》) is a famous work written by French writer Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. In the book, the little prince leaves his own planet to explore the universe(宇宙). In his journey, he finds that the adult world
is really strange and boring. Finally, he goes back to his planet which is full of love. The book is really popular throughout the world.
Charlotte's Web (《夏洛特的网》) is a famous children's novel written by American author E. B. White. The novel tells the story of a pig named Wilbur and his friendship with a spider named Charlotte on a farm. When Wilbur is in danger of being killed for his meat by the farmer, Charlotte writes messages to praise Wilbur in her web and saves him. Wilbur becomes famous in the village and he is safe in the end. When it came out in 1952, the book was welcomed by both adults and children. And it is still very popular today.
The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane (《爱德华的奇妙之旅》) is a 2006 novel written by Kate DiCamillo. The book is about an unusual journey of a china rabbit named Edward Tulane. He travels from one place to another, meeting many people. During his journey, he learns to love and finally finds love again. This book is popular nowadays and was mentioned many times in the famous South Korean TV series My love from the Star (《来自星星的你》). The warm and sweet story will surely make you understand more about love.
（1）Jenny introduced some interesting children's story books to .
A. encourage students to read more
B. encourage students to write more
C. show off the books she has read
D. make money by selling books
（2）The underlined word "praise" properly means " " in Chinese.
A. 欺骗
B. 批评
C. 赞扬
D. 攻击
（3）Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The three books mentioned in the passage are popular today.
B. The writers of the three books are all Americans.
C. When Charlotte's Web came out, it was only popular with adults.
D. My Love from the Star is a famous Chinese TV series.
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）A
【解析】【分析】文章大意：珍妮为鼓励学生阅读更多书籍，决定在校报上介绍一些世界名著，其中包括《小王子》、《夏洛特的网》和《爱德华的奇妙之旅》。

老师在简介中分别介绍了三本小说的作者、故事大意和它们的流行（受欢迎）程度。

（1）细节理解题。

根据文中的"Jenny wanted to encourage students to read more famous books，so she decided to put an introduction to some interesting children's story books in the school newspaper"可知，珍妮想鼓励学生阅读名著，于是决定在校报上刊登一些名著的简介。

由此可知珍妮向学生介绍儿童读物的目的是鼓励学生多读书。

故选A。

（2）词义猜测题。

根据文中的"When Wilbur is in danger of being killed for his meat by the farmer，Charlotte writes messages to praise Wilbur in her web and saves him"可知，当威尔伯面临被杀的危险时，夏洛特在自己的网上写信称赞威尔伯，并拯救了他，故知praise的意思是"赞扬"。

故选C。

（3）细节判断题。

根据整篇文章内容及其第二段句子The book is really popular throughout the world. 这本书在世界各地很受欢迎．和第三段句子it is still very popular today. 今天仍然是非常受欢迎的。

和第四段句子This book is popular nowadays. 这本书现在很流行。

可知这篇文章中提到的三本书今天仍很受欢迎，故选A。

【点评】考查任务型阅读，关键在看懂文章，然后根据题目要求作答，注意尽量用文章的语言填写答案。

在文章中找不到答案时，要完全理解句子，根据同义词，句型转换的方式找到可以替换文章中的单词，短语或者句子的词。

2．阅读短文，判断正误。

My interest in cooking started when I was 11, partly thanks to my mother. She didn't really like cooking and when she did cook. I didn't like her food. Once I was watching something about cooking on TV and I thought I could do this, so I went to the bookstore and looked for the biggest cookbook I could find.
During a year, I had made most of its recipes (食谱) and was ready for a bigger challenger (挑战). I wanted to create my own dishes and I started cooking for more people than just my family. To my happiness, my parents allowed me to build a test kitchen. I did much cooking test my dishes in it and my skill became better and better. Now as a teen chef (主厨). I have cooked in top-class restaurants around the country. I am not doing it for money, but because I love cooking.
Now I know that when you stop caring whether you will be famous or do well, your happiness will come to you.
（1）The writer liked his mother's food when he was a child
（2）The writer's parents allowed him to build a test Kitchen
（3）The writer's mother taught him how to cook.
（4）Now the writer is a famous chef around the word.
（5）The writer is not cooking for money
【答案】（1）0
（2）1
（3）0
（4）0
（5）1
【解析】【分析】大意：作者由于不喜欢他妈妈做的菜，于是自学厨艺，最后成为全国知名主厨的故事。

（1）细节题。

句意：作者孩子时喜欢他妈妈做的食物。

根据I didn't like her food.可知，他不喜欢她做的食物，故答案为错误。

（2）细节题。

句意：作者的父母允许他建一个测试厨房。

根据my parents allowed me to build a test kitchen.可知作者的父母同意他建一个测试厨房，故答案为正确。

（3）细节题。

句意：作者的妈妈教她烹饪。

根据I did much cooking test my dishes in it and my skill became
better and better. 可知，他自己买书来自学烹饪，故答案为错误。

（4）细节题。

句意：作者是一个世界有名的主厨。

根据Now as a teen chef (主厨). I have cooked in top-class restaurants around the country.可知他在全国各地顶级餐馆当主厨，故答案为错误。

（5）细节题。

句意：作者当厨师不是为挣钱。

根据I am not doing it for money, 可知描述跟原文相符，故答案为正确。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

浏览文章大意，根据问题在文章中找到原句判断对错。

3．阅读理解
In the summer between my first year and second year in college, I was invited to be an instructor(辅导员)at a high school camp. On the first day, when we were dancing and playing games, I noticed a boy under the tree who was small and thin. His shyness made him appear weak. I walked towards him, introduced myself and invited him to join in the activities and meet some new people. He quietly replied, "No, I really don't want to do this." I could understand that he was in a new world but I knew it wouldn't be right to force him either. Actually, the boy didn't need a close talk but a friend.
At lunch the next day, I was leading camp songs when I saw the boy under the tree sitting alone. I tried again with the same invitation, but he refused once again. That evening I was told the boy's name was Tommy. Then I asked the campers to pay special attention to the boy and spend time with him when they could.
The days went by and the time came when we had to leave. We held a big, warm party to celebrate the closing of the camp. All the campers shared their wonderful moments. To my surprise, I found the boy from under the tree dancing joyfully with two girls. I couldn't believe it was the same person.
In October of my second year, I received a phone call from Tommy's mother. She told me that Tommy was hit by a car and died. I offered my deep sadness. The mother said, "Tommy mentioned you so many times. I want you to know that he went back to school and made new friends with confidence. You made a difference to Tommy during his last months."
At that moment, I realized how easy it was to give a bit of yourself every day. You may never know how much each gesture may mean to someone else. I hope that everyone can pay attention to his own "boy under the tree".
（1）Before the writer came to the high school summer camp, he was a(n) .
A. instructor
B. camper
C. student
D. reporter
（2）How many times did the writer invite the boy to join in the activities?
A. Once.
B. Twice.
C. Three times.
D. Many times.
（3）Which is the CORRECT order about the story？
①The boy danced joyfully with two girls.
② The boy went back to school and made new friends.
③ The boy refused to join in the activities.
④The boy's mother made a phone call to the writer.
A. ①②③④
B. ②③①④
C. ③①②④
D. ④③②①（4）From Paragraph 4, we can infer that Tommy's mother was very to the writer.
A. thankful
B. helpful
C. faithful
D. harmful
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了作者曾给一个男孩精神上的帮助，让大家指代每天给自己一点自信是多么容易。

（1）推理题。

根据 In the summer between my first year and second year in college, I was invited to be an instructor(辅导员)at a high school camp 在大学一年级和二年级之间的那个夏天，我被邀请去当一名教师(辅导员)在一个高中营地可知，在作家来到高中夏令营之前，他是名学生，故选C。

（2）细节题。

根据invited him to join in the activities和I tried again with the same invitation 可知，作者邀请这个男孩参加了2次活动，故选B。

（3）细节题。

根据全文描述可知最初男孩拒绝参加活动，后来男孩和两个女孩快乐地跳舞，这个男孩回到学校，交了新朋友，男孩的母亲给作家打了一个电话，故是C选项的排序是正确的，故选C。

（4）推理题。

根据T ommy mentioned you so many times. I want you to know that he went back to school and made new friends with confidence. You made a difference to Tommy during his last months 汤米多次提到你。

我想让你知道，他回到学校，自信地交了新朋友。

在汤米的最后几个月里，你改变了他可知，汤米的母亲对作家很感谢，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。

4．阅读理解
Great changes have taken place in family life because of science and industry(工业). In the past, when most Americans lived on farms, the typical family had many children. In a farm family, parents and their children often lived with grandparents. Usually, uncles and aunts lived nearby. But when industry became more important than agriculture in American life, families became smaller because industry requires workers who are ready and able to move off the land and move again whenever necessary. And large families cannot move from place to place as smaller families. So, at present people tend to have smaller families.
In the future, because of industrialization, a typical family will be required to move even more often than now, so families will be even smaller. The typical family may remain childless and consist only of a man and a woman.
A small number of families may take raising children as their chief work. At the same time they may also raise other people's children, leaving those families free to move from job to job.
（1）Which of the following topics is discussed in the passage?
A. The development of science and industry in America.
B. The influence of science and industry on American families.
C. Harmful effect of industrialization.
D. Social problems resulting from the highly-developed science and industry in America.
（2）What kinds of families are described in the passage?
A. Families of the past and the present.
B. Families of the present and the future.
C. Families of the past and the future.
D. Families of the past, the present and the future.
（3）What is one of the reasons that families are getting smaller in America?
A. Children tend to leave their parents and grandparents when they grow up.
B. People stop caring for children.
C. The need for workers who are able to move at any time has been increasing.
D. Both old and young people prefer to live by themselves.
（4）What can you infer from the passage?
A. Science and industry have caused thousands of families to split(破裂).
B. Children do not live with their parents or grandparents.
C. Large families can hardly survive in modern society.
D. Americans are very choosy about their jobs.
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）C
（4）C
【解析】【分析】文章大意：由于工业的发展，家庭也受到了影响，原来的家庭孩子多，而现在的家庭孩子少，由于工业的发展家庭会总是搬动，有的家庭只有一个孩子或者没有孩子。

（1）细节理解题，根据Great changes have taken place in family life because of science and industry(工业).可知家庭受到了科学和工业发展的影响，故答案是B。

（2）细节理解题，根据文章内容可知，短文涉及到了过去的家庭，现在的家庭和将来的家庭，故答案是D。

（3）细节理解题，根据In the future, because of industrialization, a typical family will be required to move even more often than now, so families will be even smaller. 可知对于工人们能够随时搬动的需求，所以家庭变得原来越小，故答案是C。

（4）逻辑推理题，根据文章内容可知，工人们可能会随时要搬家，大的家庭就没有这样的便捷，所以大家庭就不适于生存在现代的社会，故答案是C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节理解题和逻辑推理题。

细节理解题可以直接从文中寻找答案；逻辑推理题需要结合具体语境，由已知内容推出未知的可能的事实。

5．阅读理解
These days haze(雾霾) is around us here and there. In fact, everyone has the power to change their living habits to help reduce it. Many local governments call on their people to take action to make the air cleaner.
Transport is one of the biggest contributors(促成物) to haze. When, where, bow, why and what you drive all affect air quality. When one drives to work for one year, he uses as much energy as a bus rider uses in 10 years. So walk or ride your bicycle to work or school whenever possible. If it is necessary, you can use public transport instead of your car. Each person using public transport for a year instead of a car can save nearly a tonne of pollutants, including CO2, from going into the atmosphere.
Carpooling is another way to reduce carbon emissions (排放). Carpooling is the sharing of car journeys so that more than one person travels in a car. It immediately reduces your car's emissions by half.
What you do inside your living space can have a big effect on the air quality outside it. You can do a lot of things inside and around your home that will help you pollute less and save some money.
A large amount of our energy supply comes from burning coal, another contributor to haze. By cutting down your electricity use, you are cutting down on haze. So you may try to reduce your use of electricity by turning off lights, using your air conditioner wisely during the summer months, or updating some of your electrical appliances to low-energy models. For example, you can use energy-saving lamps that require less energy and last 10 times longer than common bulbs.
（1）Which does the writer think should play an important role in reducing haze?
A. City cleaners.
B. Haze producers.
C. Local governments.
D. Common people.
（2）We can infer(推断) from the passage that the writer thinks .
A. cars can be used only when people have to
B. cars should be given up as soon as possible
C. cars must be improved to reduce air pollution
D. cars may cause the most serious pollution of all
（3）We should reduce the use of electricity mainly because .
A. we can save a lot of money by using less energy
B. coal is now becoming rarer and rarer on our planet
C. harmful things come out while electricity is produced
D. electrical appliances send out something harmful to our air
（4）Which can be the best title for the passage?
A. What Are Causing Haze Around Us
B. What You Can Do to Reduce Haze
C. How Dangerous Haze Is to Our Life
D. How Important It Is to Reduce Haze
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要介绍了几种减少雾霾的方法，第一种为尽量使用公共交通工具外出，第二种为尽量拼车出行，第三种为减少电力的使用。

（1）细节题。

结合第一段第二句In fact, everyone has the power to change their living habits to help reduce it. 可知，每个人都有能力通过改变自己的生活习惯来减少雾霾。

因此，作者认为在减少雾霾上，普通人应该发挥重要作用，故选D。

（2）推断题。

由第二段So walk or ride your bicycle to work or school whenever possible. If it is necessary, you can use public transport instead of your car. 可知，尽可能步行或骑自行车，必要时乘坐公共交通工具也不要开车。

因此作者认为仅当不得已的时候才应该才去开车，故选A。

（3）细节题。

结合第五段第一句A large amount of our energy supply comes from burning coal, another contributor to haze. 可知，发电时，我们需要烧煤等，而这会释放出有害物质，进而污染空气。

C项意为“当生产电力时会释放有害物质”，符合题意，故选C。

（4）主旨题。

通读全文，文章主要介绍了几种减少雾霾的方法，第一种为尽量使用公共交通工具外出，第二种为尽量拼车出行，第三种为减少电力的使用。

故文章主旨在于普通人可以做些什么、采取什么措施来减少雾霾，故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解能力，首先通读全文，掌握大意，然后根据问题在文章中找到依据，选出正确答案，注意阅读方法的运用。