hurt--injure--harm--wound用法区别

hurt, injure, harm, wound

hurt, injure, harm 和wound 都有"伤"的意思,但各自的含义和用法不同。

①hurt普通用语,既可指肉体上的伤害,也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。如:

The driver hurt himself badly in the accident. 那位司机在这次事故中伤得很重。

She hurt her leg when she fell.她跌倒时,一条腿受了伤。

He felt hurt at your words.你的话使他很难过。

注意:指肉体上的伤害时,hurt可与badly, slightly, seriously等连用;但若指精神上的创伤,只能说very much/rather/deeply hurt。

②injure比hurt正式,hurt 多指伤痛。而injure则指损害健康、成就、容貌等,强调功能的损失。如:

A bullet injured his left eye. 一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。

Drinking can injure one's health. 喝酒对人的健康有害。

I hope I didn't injure her feelings.我希望没有伤害她的感情。

③harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可,有时可指引起不安或不便。还可用于抽象事物,尤其是指不道德的事情。如:

Don't harm your eyes by reading in dim light. 不要在昏暗的灯光下看书,以免损害眼睛。

I have never harmed anybody.我从未伤害过任何人。

There was a fire in our street, but no one was harmed. 我们街里曾发生过火灾,但没人受伤。

④wound 指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤,是出血的、严重的伤,特指战场上的受伤。它可以指肉体上的伤害。也可比喻指人们精神上的创伤。如:

The bullet wounded his arm. 子弹打伤了他的一只胳膊。

The robber wounded him with a knife.那个强盗用刀刺伤了他。

You have wounded his pride.你伤害了他的自尊心。

hurt; injure; wound; cut

hurt为普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害（可被badly, slightly, seriously等修饰），也可指精神上、感情上的伤害（被very much／rather／deeply修饰），多指伤痛。

如：I hurt my leg badly in the football match．在那场足球赛中，我的腿受了重伤。

He felt rather hurt at your words．你的话使他很难过。

injure比hurt正式，主要指意外事故中损害健康、容貌等，强调功能的损失。如：A bullet injured his left eye．一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。

wound指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤，尤其指用武器有意造成的伤口、伤疤或战场上受伤。也可指人们精神上的创伤。

如：The thief wounded him with a knife．那小偷用刀刺伤了他。

You have wounded his pride．你伤害了他的自尊心。

cut指无意中造成的轻伤。

如：How did you get that cut on your hand﹖你手上的伤口是怎么弄的？

1. hurt指“使人的肉体受伤而疼痛”，或“伤了人的自尊心或感情”。例如：*Xiao Li hurt herself when she fell down the stairs. 小李从楼梯摔下来，跌伤了。*That'll hurt her feeling. 那会伤他的感情。hurt常用作不及物动词,表示“痛”的意思。例如*My leg still hurts. 我的腿还在疼。hurt的过去分词只作表语，不用作定语。hurt可以表示精神上的肉体上的“创伤”。

2. wound主要用于肉体上的“创伤”，一般指严重的外伤，主要指在战场上受枪弹伤害。作为及物动词，它的宾语是整个人，而不是受伤的部位。例如：*He got wounded in action. 他在战斗中受伤。*The bullet wounded him in the shoulder. 子弹伤了他的肩膀。注：wound adj. 受伤的; wounded n. 全部伤员。例如*The wounded were removed. 所有伤员转移了。

3. injure一般指由于意外或事故造成损伤。它常暗示受伤部位的功能受到影响，而hurt的结果不一定机能的发挥。例如：*Tom injured his leg in a skating accident. 汤姆在一次滑水事故中伤了腿。

练习

1. The__ are well tended.

A. wounding

B. wounds

C. wounded

D. wound

2. The arrow __ her in the chest.

A. hurt

B. wouded

C. hit

D. injured

3. He __ himself in a traffic accident.

A. hurt

B. wounded

C. injured

D. damaged

4. That'll __ his feelings. Don't do that.

A. hurt

B. wound

C. damage

D. injure

5. After a time,my back didn't __ any more.

A.wound

B. injure

C.hurt

D. hit

答案: 1)C 2)B 3)A 4)A 5)C