中考英语总复习八年级(下)Units 7-8 教材知识梳理

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八年级(下)Units7-8
安徽中考真题精选
Ⅰ.单项填空
1.(2020·安徽第27题)—The air here is much fresher than before.
—Exactly!We a lot of trees in the past few years.(C)
A.planted
B.were planting
C.have planted
D.will plant
2.(2019·安徽第35题)—The 5G technology can help doctors treat patients who are hundreds of kilometers away.
—It’s really .(C)
A.secret
B.direct
C.amazing
D.traditional
3.(2017·安徽第34题)I am surprised at the new look of my hometown,for it a lot over the years.(D)
A.changed
B.changes
C.will change
D.has changed
4.(2015·安徽第38题)Dreams are beautiful.However,to them needs lots of time and work.(C)
A.discover
B.find
C.achieve
D.stop
5.(2011·安徽第37题)He promised to pick me up at the school gate.However,he yet.(D)
A.didn’t arrive
B.doesn’t arrive
C.isn’t arriving
D.hasn’t arrived
Ⅱ.单词拼写
(2016·安徽第91题)Mary has developed a new way of life by getting close to nature (自然).
熟词生义
1.force
熟义:n.力;力量
生义:v.强迫;迫使;推动n.武力
(1)The workers were forced to work for sixteen hours a day. 强迫 
(2)She forced us to grow up into educated and honest people. 强迫 
(3)Especially,Napoleon was a fan of right⁃side driving,and brought the habit to places he controlled by force. 武力 
2.treasure
熟义:n.珠宝;财富
生义:v.珍视;珍爱
(1)I will treasure the feeling between us in my heart. 珍视 
(2)I shall always treasure those memories of her. 珍视 
(3)When he got home,he said sorry to his father for not finding the treasure.(2020·山东滨州) 珠宝 
3.hurry
熟义:v.匆忙;赶快
生义:n.匆忙;赶快v.催促
(1)My dad and I were in a hurry to get some things for a big dinner. n.匆忙 
(2)Don’t hurry him.You will just have to be patient and wait until he finishes the
work.(2016·安徽) 催促 
(3)There’s enough time for you to go to the airport.You needn’t hurry now.(2012·安徽) v.匆忙 
4.mark
熟义:n.迹象;记号;分数
v.做记号,标记;打分
生义:n.污点;斑点
v.表明;标志
(1)Go and make a list of everything she said and mark the points that are necessary.(2020·四川南充) 标记 
(2)He won high marks in all his examinations. 分数 
(3)It’s a mark of respect,that’s all. 标志 
5.line
熟义:n.行;排
生义:n.(电话)线路;字行;诗行;皱纹
v.沿……形成行(或列、排)
(1)The old man’s face was covered in lines. 皱纹 
(2)The sports shoes have brown lines around the bottom. 线 
(3)You thought you could get lunch in the dining hall quickly,but there is a longer line than you expected. 排 
名师考点精讲
考点1 population的用法
【教材原句】
China has the biggest population in the world.中国有着世界上最多的人口。

(P50)
1.population是名词,意为“人口;人口数量”,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。

例如:
The world’s population is increasing faster and faster.世界上的人口增长得越来越快。

2.当主语表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时,谓语动词通常用复数形式。

例如:
About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers.中国大约有70%的人口是农民。

3.表示“某地有多少人口”时,常有以下表达方式:
(1)the population of+某地+be+数词。

例如:
The population of China is about 1.4 billion.中国大约有14亿人口。

(2)某地+has a population of+数词。

例如:
China has a population of about 1.4 billion.中国大约有14亿人口。

(3)用介词短语“with a population of...”表示。

例如:
China is a country with a population of about 1.4 billion.中国是一个有着约14亿人口的国家。

4.询问某国、某地有多少人口时,用“How large is the population...?”或“What is the population...?”例如:
—How large is the population of your hometown?你们家乡有多少人口?
—The population of our hometown is nearly twice as large as that of yours.我们家乡的人口
是你们家乡人口的将近两倍。

—What is the population of Canada?加拿大的人口有多少?
—Over 30 million.超过3000万。

活学活用
(2020·甘肃天水)— the population of Tianshui?
—It’s about 3.6 million.
A.How many
B.How much
C.What is
D.Which is
【解析】考查特殊疑问句。

句意:——天水有多少人口?——大约有360万。

“What is the population of...?”用于询问某地有多少人口,符合语境。

【答案】C
考点2 as far as I know的用法
【教材原句】
As far as I know,there are no other man⁃made objects as big as this.据我所知,再没有其
他像它这样大的人造物体了。

(P50)
as far as I/we know属于固定短语,还可说成so far as I/we know,意为“据我/我们所知”。

例如:
As far as I know,he’ll be away for three months.据我所知,他将外出三个月。

类似表达有as we know,as is known to us(all)等,意为“正如我们所知道的”。

例如:
As we know,the earth goes around the sun.正如我们所知道的那样,地球绕着太阳转。

活学活用
同义句转换,每空一词
As we all know,everyone is born with the ability to learn.
 As far/is as/known we/to know/us ,everyone is born with the ability
to learn.
【解析】考查同义句转换。

as we all know相当于as far as we know/as is known to us,意为“据我们所知”。

考点3 include和including的用法
【教材原句】
Even more serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms.更
加严峻的困难包括极冷的天气状况和巨大的风暴。

(P51)
include为动词,意为“包括;包含”。

其现在分词和动名词形式为including,一般被当作介词使用,和其后的名词或代词一起构成介宾短语,意为“包括……在内”。

“including+名词/代词”相当于“名词/代词+included”。

例如:
The tour includes a visit to the Science Museum.这趟旅行包括一次科学博物馆之行。

There are 40 students in the classroom,including me.=There are 40 students in the classroom,me included.包括我在内,教室里面有40名学生。

活学活用
1.If one thing the other thing,it has the other thing as one of its parts.
A.includes
B.hits
C.needs
D.fits
【解析】考查动词。

句意:如果一件事包含另一件事,那这另一件事就是属于它的一部分。

根据语境及常识可知,此处应用include表示“包含”。

hit“击,打”;need“需要”;fit“适合”。

【答案】A
2.—Why is Harvey’s mother so happy?
—Because only three students passed the exam, her son Harvey.
A.besides
B.except
C.including
D.without
【解析】考查介词。

句意:——为什么哈维的妈妈如此高兴?——因为只有三名学生通过了考试,其中包括她的儿子哈维。

根据语境可知,包括哈维在内,只有三名学生及格了,故用including。

【答案】C
考点4 take in的用法
【教材原句】
It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top.当你到达山顶附近时,吸入空气也非常难。

(P51)
例如:
They will certainly need to take in plenty of water.他们肯定需要摄入大量的水。

He was homeless,so we took him in.他无家可归,所以我们收留了他。

She took me in completely with her lie.她用她的谎言彻底地蒙骗了我。

活学活用
1.When we walk in the park,we can the fresh air there.
A.take up
B.put up
C.take in
D.put in
【解析】考查动词短语。

句意:当我们在公园里散步时,我们可以呼吸新鲜空气。

take in“吸入”,符合语境。

take up“从事;占据”;put up“张贴”;put in“安装;插话”。

【答案】C
2.There is too much in the Science Museum for us to .
A.take in
B.take up
C.take off
D.take over
【解析】考查动词短语。

句意:在科学博物馆里有太多需要我们理解的东西。

take in“接受;理解”,符合语境。

take up“拿起;开始从事”,take off“起飞;脱下”,take over“接管;接收”。

【答案】A
考点5 succeed的用法
【教材原句】
The first Chinese team did so in 1960,while the first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei from Japan in 1975.1960年第一支中国登山队成功登上(珠穆朗玛峰的)山顶,而在1975年,第一位女性成功登山,她是来自日本的田部井淳子。

(P51)
单词用法
succeed作动词,意为“实现目标;成功”。

常见搭配:succeed in doing sth.“成功做某事”。

success 常用作不可数名词,意为“成功”。

抽象名词具体化时可作可数名词,意为“一件成功的事;一个成功的人”。

常见搭配:have success in doing sth.“在做某事上取得成功”。

successful作形容词,意为“成功的”。

常见搭配:be successful in doing sth.“在做某事上取得成功”。

successfully作副词,意为“成功地”。

例如:
He succeeded in getting a place at an art school.他成功地被一所艺术学校录取了。

Confidence is the key to success!自信是通往成功的关键!
The party was a great success last night!昨晚的派对大获成功!
If you work hard all the time,you will be successful in business.如果你一直努力,你一定会事业有成的。

活学活用
1.—What can we learn from the story?
—It reminds us that we can as long as we work hard.
A.check
B.prepare
C.succeed
D.accept
【解析】考查动词。

句意:——我们能从这个故事中学到什么?——这个故事提醒我们,只要我们勤奋努力,我们就能成功。

succeed“成功”,符合语境。

check“检查”;prepare“准
备”;accept“接受”。

【答案】C
2.(2020·湖北咸宁)—A Long March 5(长征五号) rocket carrying China’s heaviest satellite was launched.
—Amazing!It happened on Dec.27th,2019 in Wenchang,Hainan.
A.successful
B.successfully
C.success
D.succeed
【解析】考查副词。

句意:——载有中国最重卫星的长征五号火箭成功发射了。

——真
是令人惊叹! 它是2019年12月27日在海南文昌发射的。

根据语境并分析句子结构可知,此处应用副词修饰谓语动词launch。

【答案】B
考点6 achieve的用法
【教材原句】
The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams.这些登山者的精神向我们表明:我们决不应该放弃尝试实现自己的梦想。

(P51)
1.achieve意为“实现;达到”,常用作及物动词,其宾语可以是目标、梦想等,也可以是胜利、成功、名誉、地位等。

例如:
Everybody should be given the chance to achieve his aim.每个人都应该有机会实现自己的
目标。

She achieved no success.她没有获得成功。

2.achieve有时与this,that,what,all,much,anything,nothing,a little 等代词连用,表示“获得(成功),取得(成就)”。

例如:
No one can achieve anything without effort.谁也不可能不努力就有所作为。

3.achieve一般与令人愉快的事(如成功、成就等)连用,有暗示“通过付出努力而成功”的意思,所以不要受汉语的影响而误用此词来表示一般意义上的“达到”。

例如:
He hoped to achieve his ambition to become a singer.他希望实现当歌唱家的抱负。

He will achieve the age of 25 next month.(×)
辨析achieve,realize和come true
(1)achieve“实现;达到”,多指经过努力而实现目标、梦想或取得成功,主语是人。

例如:
Work hard,and you will achieve your goal.努力工作,你就会实现目标。

(2)realize“实现;意识到”,多指实现梦想或意识到某种道理、规律等,主语是人。

表示“实现梦想”时,realize和achieve可以互换。

例如:
He realized/achieved his dream with the help of his parents.在父母的帮助下,他实现了梦想。

He didn’t realize the importance of health.他没有意识到健康的重要性。

(3)come true“实现”,多指实现梦想、蓝图、计划等,主语是物。

例如:
I hope his dream of becoming a pianist will come true.我希望他成为钢琴家的梦想可以实现。

活学活用
1.(2020·湖北孝感)—Dear friends,do you still remember why you came here three years ago?—To our dreams!
A.copy
B.save
C.imagine
D.achieve
【解析】考查动词。

句意:——亲爱的朋友们,你们仍然记得三年前你们为什么来这里吗?——为了实现我们的梦想。

achieve“实现”,符合语境。

copy“复制”;save“拯
救”;imagine“想象”。

【答案】D
2.—A great person once said,“If you can follow your heart and never give up,your dream will .”
—I think so.
e out
B.work out
C.put off
e true
【解析】考查动词短语。

句意:——一个伟人曾经说过:“如果你能跟随自己内心的想法,永不放弃,你的梦想就会实现。

”——我认为如此。

表示梦想的实现,应用come true。

come out“出版;结果是”;work out“算出;解决”;put off“推迟;阻止”。

【答案】D
考点7 belong的用法
【教材原句】
Many songs these days are just about modern life in the US,such as the importance of money and success,but not about belonging to a group.当今很多歌曲恰恰是关于美国当代生活的,比如金钱和成功的重要性,而不是关于归属于一个群体的。

(P62)
1.belong 意为“属于;归属”,为不及物动词,不可直接接宾语,常和介词to连用。

belong表示所属关系,一般不用于进行时态和被动语态。

例如:
Who does this pen belong to?这支钢笔是谁的?
2.belong to意思相当于be,但前者后接名词或代词宾格,而后者后接名词所有格或名词性物主代词。

例如:
The bag may belong to Tom.=The bag may be Tom’s.这个包或许是汤姆的。

活学活用
— does the watch belong to?
—It’s mine.
A.Who
B.Whose
C.What
D.Which
【解析】考查特殊疑问词。

句意:——这个手表是谁的?——是我的。

根据语境可排除C、D 两项;又因belong to后跟名词或代词宾格,因此对其提问应用who,而不能受答语中的“mine”
的影响用whose。

【答案】A
考点8 This elephant weighs many times more than this panda.这头大象比这只熊猫重很
多倍。

(P53)
倍数表达法:
1.A+be+倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than+B。

例如:
The rope is three times longer than that one.这条绳子比那条绳子长三倍。

2.A...+倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B。

例如:
Tom runs twice as fast as Ted.汤姆跑步比特德快两倍。

3.A+be+倍数+the+计量名词+of+B。

例如:
The new playground is four times the size of the previous one.新扩建的操场是未扩建时的
四倍大。

活学活用
1.(2020·甘肃武威)It was a hundred times than I’d expected.
A.fun
B.more fun
C.the most fun
D.funny
【解析】考查形容词的比较等级。

句意:这比我预期的要有趣一百倍。

分析句子结构可知,本句为“倍数+形容词比较级+than”结构。

【答案】B
2.The room is that room.
A.the three size of
B.three times the size of
C.as three times big as
D.three times as bigger as
【解析】考查倍数表达法。

句意:这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。

分析句子结构可知,此处是“A+be+倍数+the+计量名词+of+B”结构。

【答案】B
考点9 Have you read Treasure Island yet?你读过《金银岛》吗?(P57)
现在完成时的基本用法:
1.现在完成时用来表示过去发生的或已经完成的动作对现在造成了影响。

也就是说,动作发生在过去或处于过去的状态,但它的影响现在还存在,强调的是现在。

常与
just,already,ever,yet等连用,already,just多用于肯定句中,yet,ever多用于疑问句和否定句中。

例如:
I have already sent the photo.我已经把照片寄走了。

(强调send这一动作对现在的影响)
2.现在完成时还可以用来表示在过去某一时刻开始并持续到现在的动作或状态,常与“for+时间段”“since+时间点”等表示一段时间的状语连用,谓语动词必须是延续性动词。

例如:
He has lived here since 1978.自1978年以来,他一直住在这里。

(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去)
(1)现在完成时不与yesterday,last week,two days ago,in 1983,just now,when等表示过去具体时间的状语连用。

(2)一般过去时只强调在过去发生过某事,而现在完成时则强调过去的动作持续到现在且对现在产生影响。

活学活用
(2020·湖北宜昌)—How about the third season of documentary Aerial China(《航拍中国》)?—Great.I it twice.
A.watched
B.watch
C.will watch
D.have watched
【解析】考查动词的时态。

句意:——你觉得《航拍中国》第三季如何?——非常好。

我已经看了两遍了。

根据语境可知,此处是说已经看了两遍,强调过去的动作对现在造成了影响,应用现在完成时。

【答案】D
本节课后练☞见强化练习册P24。

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