桂林理工大学2019年《3001矿床学》考博专业课真题试卷
桂林理工大学1001-英语-2019年考博真题
桂林理⼯⼤学1001-英语-2019年考博真题博⼠研究⽣⼊学考试专业课真题 2019年桂林理⼯⼤学考博专业课真题2019考试科⽬代码：1001考试科⽬名称：英语Part I Reading Comprehension (45%)Directions: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Less than two months into her breast cancer treatment, Alexandra Jn-Charles was called into a new room at SUNY Downstate Medical Center, where two treating physicians, the chief medical officer and an attorney representing the hospital told her that mistakes had been made.The skin lesions (病变) on her chest, they said, had been caused not by her illness but by the machine that was supposed to cure her. The 32-year-old had received nearly 30 radiotherapy sessions, but at this point it didn’t really make sense to count them, because a programming error had caused each installment to deliver at least three times the prescribed amount of radiation.Jn-Charles, who died two and a half years after this meeting in 2005, would eventually come to exemplify the emergence of accidental over-radiation in U.S. hospitals. The worst off have reported skin damage, inexplicable hair loss and ribs(肋⾻) buckling beneath their chests — debilitating injuries suffered while undergoing screening or treatment for something that would otherwise kill them. A steep price for survival.These tragedies go to the core of an issue as pressing as it is uncomfortable to think about: Have advances in technology, improved treatment methods and more comprehensive screening protocols led to systematic, excessive irradiation of patients?The answer, according to a growing number of health experts, is yes. For example, the CT scan, which has become commonplace in response to rising cancer rates, is itself thought to increase the likelihood that a person develops cancer. The scans deliver several hundred times more radiation than an X-ray — even when guidelines and dosages are followed precisely. “What we do as physicians arguably harms people,” James Ehrlich, a clinical associate professor at the University of Colorado and an adviser for Premier Micronutrient Corp., told Newsweek.A jarring example of that came in 2010, when Walt Bogdanich published an extensive review in The New York Times that listed numerous patients whose lives had been destroyed by mistakes in hospital imaging and radiotherapy. Shortly after the article series went to press, the Food and Drug Administration began to ramp up its efforts to limit excessive exposure, eventually launching its Initiative to Reduce Unnecessary Radiation Exposure From Medical Imaging.Along with organizations like the American College of Radiology, the FDA now supports a number of so-called dose registries that allow facilities to compare radiation dose indexes to regional and national values. To date, hundreds of facilities across the U.S. have enrolled.But the FDA’s regulatory authority is generally focused on equipment manufacturers, and compliance on the state level is never guaranteed. And even compliant facilities run the risk of over-radiating patients: A 2012 paper bythe Institute of Medicine found that medical imaging is one of the leading environmental causes of breast cancer.1. The skin damage on Jn-Charles’ chest was caused by ______.A) breast cancerB) advanced technologyC) over-radiationD) treatment methods1. What does the author want to explain by exemplifying Jn-Charles?A) There is no need to waste so much money for to treat breast cancer.B) Until now, breast cancer is still an incurable illness around the world.C) There is an increasing number of young people suffering from cancer.D) There are incidents of excessive irradiation of patients in America.3. What can be learnt about the CT scan?A) It is a double-edged sword in the term of cancer.B) It has been argued in the medical profession.C) It is much safer to be used to treat breast cancer.D) The radiation dosages can be controlled easily.4. What does the word “ramp up” (Para. 6) mean?A) Heat up.B) Draw out.C) Intensify.D) Put up.5. The author thinks FDA’s solution to reduce radiation exposure is ______.A) ineffectiveB) looseC) harmfulD) unnecessaryPassage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Like a tired marriage, the relationship between libraries and publishers has long been reassuringly dull. E-books, however, are causing heartache. Libraries know they need digital wares if they are to remain relevant, but many publishers are too wary of piracy and lost sales to co-operate. Among the big six, only Random House and HarperCollins license e-books with most libraries. The others have either denied requests or are reluctantly experimenting. In August, for example, Penguin will start a pilot with public libraries in New York.Publishers are wise to be nervous. Owners of e-readers are exactly the customers they need: book-lovers with money (neither the devices nor broadband connections come cheap). If these wonderful people switch to borrowing e-books instead of buying them, what then?Electronic borrowing is awfully convenient. Unlike printed books, which must be checked out and returned to a physical library miles from where you live, book files can be downloaded at home. Digital library catalogues are often browsed at night, from a comfy sofa. The files disappear from the device when they are due (which means no late fees, nor worry about lost or damaged books).Awkwardly for publishers, buying an e-book costs more than renting one but offers little extra value. You cannot resell it, lend it to a friend or burn it to stay warm. Owning a book is useful if you want to savour（品尝）it repeatedly, but who reads “Fifty Shades of Grey” twice?E-lending is not simple, however. There are lots of different and often incompatible e-book formats, devices and licences. Most libraries use a company called OverDrive, a global distributor that secures rights from publishers and provides e-books and audio files in every format. Some 35m titles were checked out through OverDrive in 2011, and the company now sends useful data on borrowing behaviour to participating publishers. Yet publishers and libraries are worried by OverDrive’s market dominance, as the company can increasingly dictate fees and conditions.Library boosters argue that book borrowers are also book buyers, and that libraries are vital spaces for readers to discover new work. Many were cheered by a recent Pew survey, which found that more than half of Americans with library cards say they prefer to buy their e-books. But the report also noted that few people know that e-books are available at most libraries, and that popular titles often involve long waiting lists, which may be what inspires people to buy.So publishers keep tweaking（对……稍作调整）their lending arrangements in search of the right balance. Random House raised its licensing prices earlier this year, and HarperCollins limits libraries to lending its titles 26 times. Penguin plans to keep new releases out of libraries for at least six months, and each book will expire after a year. The story of the library e-book is a nail-biter.6. What can we learn about the big six publishers?A) They know they need to cooperate with libraries.B) They have recently sold e-books to most libraries.C) Most of them hesitate in cooperation with libraries.D) They stand out against selling e-books to libraries.7. What is the advantage of electronic borrowing?A) There is no need to worry about deadlines.B) It can pay for the late fees automatically.C) Readers can lend the book files to their friends.D) It is much cheaper than traditional printed books.8. Why are publishers and libraries worried about OverDrive’s market dominance?A) Publisher and libraries will lose their market shares of e-books.B) OverDrive provides various format of e-books and audio files.C) OverDrive will increasingly divide their profit of e-books.D) E-readers will not lend e-books or audio files from libraries.9. What was shown in Pew survey?A) The desire to collect popular books inspires people to buy them.B) E-readers in America prefer to buy their e-books from libraries.C) More than half of Americans are book borrowers and book buyers.D) People with library cards usually have to wait for popular e-books.10. What does the author mean by saying “The story of the library e-book is a nail-biter.” (Para. 7)?A) Many problems about e-book lending need to be solved.B) It is wise for publishers to cooperate closely with libraries.C) Cooperation between publishers and libraries is a win-win strategy.D) Libraries will dominant the book market by lending e-books.Passage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Across the board, American colleges and universities are not doing a very good job of preparing their students for the workplace or their post-graduation lives. This was made clear by the work of two sociologists, Richard Arumand Josipa Roksa. In 2011 they released a landmark study titled “Academically Adrift,” which documented the lack of intellectual growth experienced by many people enrolled in college. In particular, Arum and Roksa found, college students were not developing the critical thinking, analytic reasoning and other higher-level skills that are necessary to thrive in today’s knowledge-based economy and to lead our nation in a time of complex challenges and dynamic change.Arum and Roksa placed the blame for students’ lack of learning on a watered-down college curriculum and lowered undergraduate work standards. Although going to college is supposed to be a full-time job, stu- dents spent, on average, only 12 to 14 hours a week studying and many were skating through their semesters without doing a significant amount of reading and writing. Students who take more challenging classes and spend more time studying do learn more. But the priorities of many undergraduates are with extracurricular activities, playing sports, and partying and socializing.Laura Hamilton, the author of a study on parents who pay for college, will argue in a forthcoming book that college administrations are overly concerned with the social and athletic activities of their students. In Paying for the Party, Hamilton describes what she calls the “party pathway,” which eases many students through college, helped along by various clubs that send students into the party scene and a host of easier majors. By sanctioning this watered-down version of college, universities are “catering to the social and educat ional needs of wealthy students at the expense of others” who won’t enjoy the financial backing or social connections of richer students once they graduate.These students need to build skills and knowledge during college if they are to use their degrees as a stepping-stone to middle-class mobility. But more privileged students must not waste this opportunity either. As recent graduates can testify, the job market isn’t kind to candidates who can’t demonstrate genuine competence, along with a well-cultivated willingness to work hard. Nor is the global economy forgiving of an American workforce with increasingly weak literacy, math and science abilities. College graduates will still fare better than those with only a high school education, of course. But a university degree unaccompanied by a gain in knowledge or skills is an empty achievement indeed. For students who have been coasting through college, and for American universities that have been demanding less work, offering more attractions and charging higher tuition, the party may soon be over.11. What is Arum and Roksa’s finding about higher education in America?A) It aims at stimulating the intellectual curiosity of college students.B) It fails to prepare students to face the challenges of modern times.C) It has experienced dramatic changes in recent years.D) It has tried hard to satisfy students’ various needs.12. What is responsible for the students’ lack of higher-level skills?A) The diluted college curriculum.B) The boring classroom activities.C) The absence of rigorous discipline.D) The outdated educational approach.13. What does Laura Hamilton say about college administrations?A) They fail to give adequate help to the needy students.B) They tend to offer too many less challenging courses.C) They seem to be out of touch with society.D) They prioritize non-academic activities.14. What can be learned about the socially and financially privileged students?A) They tend to have a sense of superiority over their peers.B) They can afford to choose easier majors in order to enjoy themselves.C) They spend a lot of time building strong connections with businesses.D) They can climb the social ladder even without a degree.15. What does the author suggest in the last paragraph?A) American higher education has lost its global competitiveness.B) People should not expect too much from American higher education.C) The current situation in American higher education may not last long.D) It will take a long time to change the current trend in higher education.Part II Translation (25%)Directions: For this part, you are to translate a passage from Chinese into English.西安是我国黄河流域古代⽂明的重要发源地之⼀，与雅典、罗马、开罗并称为世界四⼤古都。
桂林理工大学2021年硕士研究生入学考试试题 610-矿床学
桂林理工大学2021年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目代码：610考试科目名称：矿床学（总分150分，三小时答完）考生注意：1．请将答题写在答卷纸上，写在试卷上视为无效。
一、名词解释（共6小题，每小题5分，共计30分）1．交代成矿作用；2．MVT型矿床；3．岩浆结晶分异作用；4．成矿“母岩”和“围岩”；5．蚀变作用；6．矿床。
二、单项选择题（共10小题，每小题2分，共计20分）1．矿石与岩石的区别在于其中所含（）的量是否达到品位要求。
A.金属矿物B.有用组分C.矿石矿物D.硫化物矿物2．下列哪种矿产不属于稀有金属矿产（）A.铌B.锰C.锶D.铍3．一般而言，斑岩铜矿多产于（）中。
A.陆相火山盆地B.洋中脊裂谷带C.岛弧构造环境D.海陆交互相沉积盆地4、海底热泉活动形成的“白烟囱”的烟囱体主要由（）矿物构成。
A.硫化物B.碳酸盐C.硅酸盐D.卤化物5、脉石矿物的生成顺序一般为（）。
A.含水硅酸盐→不含水硅酸盐→碳酸盐、硫酸盐→石英B.不含水硅酸盐→碳酸盐、硫酸盐→含水硅酸盐→石英D.石英→硫酸盐、碳酸盐→不含水硅酸盐→含水硅酸盐D.不含水硅酸盐→含水硅酸盐→石英→硫酸盐、碳酸盐6、在风化壳中可形成淋积矿床的主要元素是（）。
A.铅、锌B. 铜、镍、铀C. 铁、锰、铝D.钼、锡、钨7、石油多产于（）地层中。
A.沉积岩B.岩浆岩C.变质岩D.矽卡岩8、铁帽是寻找（）的重要标志。
A. 硫化物矿床B.金刚石矿床C.伟晶岩矿床D.稀有金属矿床9、海绵陨铁结构主要见于（）。
A.岩浆爆发矿床B.SEDEX型矿床C.岩浆熔离矿床D. 矽卡岩型矿床10、砂页岩型铜矿矿体形态常为（）。
A.透镜状、囊状B.脉状、网脉状C. 层状、似层状D.等轴状三、多项选择题（共5小题，每小题4分，共计20分）1．在鲍温反应系列中，生成顺序早于角闪石的矿物有（）。
A.黑云母B. 橄榄石C.钾长石D.辉石2．常见产于矽卡岩内接触带的矿物有（）。
【矿床学】2016-2017矿床学试卷及参考答案
吉林大学地球科学学院试卷 （参考答案与评分标准） 课程名称： 矿床学A （B 卷） 考试时间： 150 分钟 考试方式： 闭卷 一、回答下列概念（从下列7题中选择6题回答，每小题5分，共30分） 1．喷流沉积矿床，并举例 答：热水喷流沉积成矿作用泛指不同成因的（含矿）热水在喷溢出海底的过程中，在喷流口以下的热液通道中通过充填、交代作用，在喷流口以上的海底则通过与冷海水之间的相互作用，使热水中所携带的物质组份分别在热液通道和海底沉淀下来而富集成矿的过程。
这种作用使热水中的矿质富集并形成的矿床，称之为热水喷流沉积矿床（4分）。
如火山岩中得块状硫化物矿床（1分）。
2．变成矿床与受变质矿床，并举例 答：若原来已经是矿床，受到变质作用后，矿石的成分、结构构造以及矿体的形态、产状、品位和规模等方面发生了变化，但工业用途并未改变的矿床称为受变质矿床（2分）。
如沉积变质型铁矿床（0.5分） 若岩石中的某些组分，经变质作用后成为有工业价值的矿床，或由于变质作用改变了工业用途的矿床称为变成矿床（2分）。
如煤层经变质后形成石墨矿床（0.5分）。
3．盐类矿床，并举例 答：蒸发沉积矿床，是指地面水以真溶液状态携带某些溶解度较大的无机盐类，在比较静止的水盆地中，通过蒸发作用发生各种有用盐类矿物沉淀而形成的矿床。
由于矿床中的有用组份是各种盐类，因而也称为盐类矿床（4分）。
如湖北应城膏盐矿床（1分）。
答：矿床成矿系列是在一定地质时期和一定地质环境中，在一定的主导地质成矿作用下形成的，时间、空间和成因上都有密切联系，但具体生成条件是有差别的1组（2个以上）矿床类型的组合。
（2分）成矿系统是指在一定的时-空域中，控制矿床形成和保存的全部地质要素和成矿作用动力过程，以及所形成的矿床系列、异常系列构成的整体，是具有成矿功能的一个自然系统。
（3分）5．残余矿床与淋积矿床，并举例答：原生矿床或岩石经化学风化作用和生物风化作用后，形成的一些难溶的表生矿物，残留在原地表部，其中有用组分达到工业要求时形成的矿床称为残余矿床（2分）。
桂林理工大学《矿床矿相学》复习思考题
桂林理工大学《矿床矿相学》复习思考题1-2章矿床学基本概念(★★★★★)矿床：指地壳中由地质作用形成的其中所含有用矿物的数量和质量，在当前经济技术条件下能被开采和利用的天然矿物集合体。
矿床学是地质学科的重要学科之一，是研究矿床在地壳中的形成条件、成因和分布规律的一门学科。
矿产：泛指一切埋藏于地下的或分布于地表可供人类利用的天然矿物资源。
矿产与岩石区别在于它能否被人们所利用，有无经济价值。
矿体：它是矿产的主体和核心部分，是矿山开采的对象，是客观实在的地质体，具有一定的形状和产状，一个矿床由一个或多个多个矿体组成。
矿点：规模不清或者是比小型矿床还要小的矿床。
矿化点：指仅有矿化作用显示，但无成矿价值的地质点。
矿石：指从矿体中开采出来的，在当前技术经济条件下能从中提取有用组分（元素、化合物或矿物）的矿物集合体。
矿石的品级：为了保证资源的合理利用而提出的矿石质量指标，包括矿石中的有益组分、有害组分含量、品位、物理性质、加工方法等因素。
是指矿石的质量分级分级依据：a、矿石的品位b、工艺性能c、伴生组分矿石矿物：指矿石中可被利用的有用矿物。
脉石矿物：指矿石中不能利用的矿物。
脉石：泛指矿体中无用的物质，包括围岩碎块、夹石以及无工业价值的矿物集合体。
夹石：指夹在矿体内部不符合工业要求的岩石，它可能会造成矿石的贫化。
围岩：指矿体周围的岩石。
母岩：在成矿作用中，提供了成矿物质来源的岩石。
矿石的构造：指矿石中组成矿石的集合体的特点，包括集合体的大小、形态及相互之间的接触关系。
矿石的结构：指矿石中矿物颗粒的特点，包括其大小、形态以及相互之间的接触关系。
同生矿床：指矿体和围岩基本上是在同一地质作用过程中，同时或近于同时形成的矿床。
后生矿床：指矿床形成明显晚于围岩，矿体和围岩是在不同的地质作用中所形成。
侧伏角:侧伏角是矿体最大延伸方向与自己的水平投影线的夹角。
倾伏角:倾伏角是矿体最大延伸方向与走向之间的夹角。
海绵陨铁结构：矿石矿物主要充填于硅酸盐矿物晶粒间或胶结了硅酸盐矿物的结构。
桂林理工大学矿产勘查复习题(全)绝版
一、名词解释1、矿产勘查：在区调基础上，根据国民经济和社会发展的需要，运用地质科学理论,使用多种勘查技术手段和方法对矿床地质和矿产资源所进行的系统调查形容工作。
2、矿产勘查学：以地质科学为基础，以地质观察研究为基本方法，以各种工程技术方法为手段，以提高矿产勘查的地质经济效果和社会效益为目的的应用地质学。
3、储量：扣除了设计、采矿损失的基础储量中经济可采部分4、基础储量：查明矿产资源的一部分，未扣除设计、采矿损失。
5、332资源量：在详查地段内，达到控制的程度，进行了概略研究，经济意义为经济的—边际经济的那部分资源量。
矿床勘查类型：按矿床主要地质特点及勘查难易程度，将特点相似的矿床加以理论综合与概括划分的类型。
一、名词解释1.地质测量法：根据地质观察研究，将区域成矿区的各种地质现象客观的反映到相应的平面图或剖面图上。
2.重砂测量法：以各种松散沉积物中自然重砂矿物为主要研究对象，以解决与重砂有关的地质与找矿问题为主内容，采取重砂寻找砂矿和原生矿的一种地质找矿方法。
3.石门：在地表无直接出口与含矿岩系走向垂直的水平坑道，常用来联结竖井和沿脉。
一、名词解释矿产预测：在成矿地质理论的指导下，总结矿床成矿模式和找矿模式，建立矿产预测准则，对预测区潜在矿产资源进行预测工作，圈定成矿远景区和优选成矿靶区，并提出进一步找矿的部署意见。
相似类比理论：相似的地质环境和成矿条件可以形成相似的矿床，高度概括的成矿规律，可以应用到相似的地区，指导类似矿产的成矿预测。
成矿规律：指对矿床形成和分布的时间、空间、物质来源及共生关系诸方面的高度概括和总结。
矿床时间分布规律、矿床空间分布规律、成矿物质来源规律、矿床共生规律一、名词解释1、矿体地质：是以矿体为研究对象，其基本任务是研究矿体各种标志性的变化性，目的在于阐明矿体各种标志的变化特征或变化规律，为选择合理勘查方法及矿床的工业评价提供依据。
2、矿体变化性质：矿体形态、产状、品位、品级等标志在矿体不同空间位臵上相互之间的联系与变化规律。
桂林理工大学考试试卷A卷(答案)
1 2 3 − 1 2 5 1 2 4、 10 分 ）求向量组：α 1 = ，α 2 = ，α 3 = ，α 4 = 的一个极大线性无关组， 、 （ − 1 − 6 1 − 7 − 2 − 5 1 − 3
r1 − r2 r3 − r2
1 3 0 3、 8 分）求方阵 A= 1 1 − 1 的逆矩阵. 、 （ 0 − 2 2 1 3 0 ( AM E ) = 1 1 − 1 0 − 2 2 1 1 −1 0 − 3 4 → 0 1 − 2 1/ 2 0 1 A = 1 − 3 − 2 . 1 − 3 − 3 / 2
−1
1
0 1 1 2 r2 − 2r11 2 1 → 0 1 − 2 0 1 −1 3 − 2 1 − 1 r −4r 1 0 0 12 + 3 0 1 r2 r3 → 0 1 0 0 0 1 3 − 3
1
0 0 1 3 − 2
数.
2 第 2 页
（ 五、 8 分 ）已知向量组 a1 , a 2 , a 3 线性无关 b1 = a1 + a 2 , 证明：向量组 b1 , b2 , b3 线性无关. 证： 设一组数 k 1 , k 2 , k 3 使得 k1 b1 + k 2 b2 + k 3 b3 = 0 ，
b2 = a 2 − 2 a 3 , b1 = a 3 − a1 ，
1 0 −1 七、 10 分）求方阵 A = 0 1 0 的特征值与特征向量. （ −1 0 1
即 k1 (a1 + a 2 ) + k 2 (a 2 − 2a3 ) + k3 (a3 − a1 ) = (k1 − k 3 )a1 + (k1 + k 2 )a 2 + (− 2 k 2 + k 3 )a 3 = 0 解：
桂林理工大学3013-结晶学-2019年考博真题
博士研究生入学考试专业课真题 2019年桂林理工大学考博专业课真题
桂林理工大学2019年博士研究生入学考试试题
科目代码：3013 科目名称：结晶学
注意：1、本试卷满分为100分，考试时间为180分钟。
2、答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题上无效。
1、解释对称的概念，简要说明存在哪几种宏观对称要素。
（15分）
2、在晶体形核生长过程当中涉及哪两种能量变化？只有满足何种条件的晶
核才能稳定长大？（15分）
3、等大球最紧密堆积有哪两种基本形式？存在哪两种空隙？（15分）
4、什么是配位数？常见的配位数数值有哪些？（15分）
5、简要说明晶体生长的两种主要生长理论模型。
（20分）
6、晶体的极射赤平投影的目的是什么？请将左图的所有晶面投影到极射赤
平投影圆中。
（20分）。
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桂林理工大学2019年博士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：3001 科目名称：矿床学
注意：1、本试卷满分为100分，考试时间为180分钟。
2、答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题上无效。
1、论述矿体与围岩的区别（10分）。
2、成矿流体的主要来源和主要研究对象有那些（10分）。
3、岩浆矿床中主要有哪些岩浆石类型，各自主要产出什么矿产（15分）。
4、简述花岗岩作为矿床的主要特点和主要用途（10分）。
5、论述伟晶岩矿床成因主要有哪些观点（10分）。
6、讨论接触交代矿床形成的条件（10分）。
7、SEDEX和MVT型铅锌矿的区别（20分）。
8、现代大洋多金属沉积物的主要有哪些（15分）。