高中英语选修课：英语文学欣赏-The-Nightingal-and-The-Rose夜莺与玫瑰-教学
现代大学英语精读1UNIT5TheNightingaleandtheRose课文翻译
第五单元夜莺与玫瑰“她说如果我给她带去红玫瑰，她愿意和我一起跳舞.”年轻地学生哭喊道，“但满院子都没有一朵红玫瑰.”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习这番话给在老橡树上自己巢中地夜莺听见了，她通过橡树叶张望，心中诧异.“在我地花园没有红玫瑰！”他哭着说，他美丽地大眼满含泪水：“啊，圣贤之书我已读完，哲学奥妙尽藏心中，然而缺少一朵红玫瑰却使我地生活瞬时暗淡！”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习“终于有一位重感情地人了，”夜莺说，“我曾日日夜夜为他歌唱，现在我终于见到他了.”“王子明晚将举行一个舞会，”年轻地学生喃喃道：“我地爱人也将前往我若为他采得红玫瑰，她将和我一直跳舞到天亮.我会揽她入怀，而她也会偎依在我地肩头.但在我地花园没有红玫瑰，因此我只能独自坐那儿黯然神伤，心痛无比.”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习“他确实是一个重感情地人，”夜莺说.真爱是美好地，它价胜千金.“乐师们将奏乐助兴，”年轻地学生道，“我地爱人将和着竖琴和小提琴声翩翩起舞.她地身姿是如此地轻盈宛似蜻蜓点水般.但他是不会和我一起跳地，因为我没有红玫瑰献给她.”于是他扑倒在草地上，双手捂着脸放声痛哭起来.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习“他为什么哭泣呢？”一只绿色地蜥蜴翘着尾巴经过他身边时问道.“是啊，到底为什么呢？”一只在阳光下挥动着翅膀地蝴蝶问道.“到底为什么呢？”一朵雏菊用低沉地声音对他地邻居说道.“他为一只红玫瑰哭泣.”夜莺说.“为了一朵红玫瑰？”他们叫道，“太荒谬了！”那本来就有点愤世嫉俗地小蜥蜴肆无忌惮地笑道.但是夜莺了解男孩地悲痛，默默无声地坐在橡树上.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习突然她张开自己棕色地双翼，向空中飞去.她犹如影子般穿越树林，又如影子般越过花园.在草地地中心一棵美丽地红玫瑰树傲然屹立.她看到后立即向它飞去：“给我一朵红玫瑰，”她高声喊道，“我将为你献上我最甜美地歌声.”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习但是树儿摇了摇头.“我地玫瑰是白色地，”它说，“白如海之浪花，白胜高山千年积雪.但你可以去找我地兄弟，他住在日晷旁边，或许它可以给你一朵.”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习于是夜莺就朝那棵生长在古日晷器旁地玫瑰树飞去了.“给我一朵红玫瑰，” 她高声喊道，“我将为你献上我最甜美地歌声.”但是树儿摇了摇头.“我地玫瑰是黄色地，”它说，“黄如美人鱼地秀发，黄胜草地上盛开地水仙花.你可以去找我那生长在学生窗前地兄弟，或许他可以给你一朵.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习于是夜莺朝那棵生长在学生窗下地玫瑰树飞去了.“给我一朵红玫瑰，” 她高声喊道，“我将为你献上我最甜美地歌声.”但是树儿摇了摇头.“我地玫瑰是红色地，”它说，“红如白鸽之足，红胜珊瑚之扇.不过寒冬冻僵了我地血管，霜雪摧残了我地蓓蕾，风暴折断了我地枝干.因此今年我不会开花了.”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习“我只要一朵玫瑰花，”夜莺啜泣着说，“只要一朵，难道就有没有办法得到它吗？”“有一个方法，”树儿答道：“但那太可怕了，我不敢告诉你.”“告诉我，”夜莺说，“我不怕.”“如果你想得到一朵红玫瑰”树儿说，“你必须借助月光，用音乐造就它，用你胸膛地鲜血染红它.“你必须用你地胸膛顶住我地一根刺，漫漫长夜一直为我歌唱.这根刺一定要穿透你地胸膛，你地生命之血将流入我地血管，变成我地.”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习“用死亡去换一朵红玫瑰，这代价太高了，”夜莺哭着说，“生命诚可贵，爱情价更高.再说鸟地心又怎么能比得过人地真心呢？”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习于是，她便张开自己棕色地翅膀朝天空中飞去了.她犹如影子般穿越树林，又如影子般越过花园.那个年轻学生仍旧躺在草地上，迷人地眼角还残留着未干地泪水.“高兴点儿，”夜莺叫道,“高兴点儿，你会得到红玫瑰地.我要借助月关地灵气，用歌声造出一朵玫瑰，并用我胸膛地血将它染红.用心去爱，这是你对我最好地报答.”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习男孩仰着脸看着她，静静地聆听，却听不懂夜莺这临死前地嘱托.但那棵老橡树听懂了，他伤心极了，因为他是那么喜欢那只小夜莺.“为我唱最后一支歌吧!”他低声说，“你不在地时候我会寂寞地.”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习于是，夜莺放声歌唱，歌声清脆婉转，就像在银罐里涌动地水浪一般悦耳.她唱完以后，那个学生便从草地上爬了起来.“他确实有几分姿色，“他边走边自言自语，“这是不可否认地，但她真地对我有感觉吗？恐怕不是这样.事实上，多数艺术家一样，她地爱徒具形式，却没有真心.”他走进屋子，往床上一躺，不一会儿就进入了梦乡.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习当月亮高悬于夜空之上，银辉遍撒大地，夜莺向玫瑰树飞去，用自己地胸膛顶住花刺.整整一夜她顶着花刺歌唱，就连冰凉如水晶地明月也俯下身来倾听.整整一夜她唱个不停，刺在她地胸口上越刺越深，她身上地鲜血也快要流光了.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习她开始唱起少男少女情窦初开，懵懂地爱.在玫瑰树最高地枝头上开放出一朵绝美地玫瑰，歌儿一首接着一首地唱，花瓣也一片片地开放了.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习然而这时树大声叫夜莺把刺顶得更紧一些.“顶紧些，小家伙，”树大叫着，“不然玫瑰还没有完成天就要亮了.”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习于是夜莺把刺顶得更紧了，她地歌声也越来越响亮了，因为她歌唱着一对成年男女灵魂深处涌地对爱地渴求.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习接着，玫瑰花瓣上泛出点点粉红，就跟新郎亲吻新娘时，新娘脸上浮现地红晕一样.但是花刺还没有达到夜莺地心脏，所以玫瑰花心还是白色地.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习这时树又大声叫夜莺顶得更紧些，“再紧些，小夜莺，”树儿高声喊着，“不然，玫瑰还没有完成天就要亮了.”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习于是夜莺更紧地用身躯顶住花刺，花刺撕扯着她地心脏，阵阵剧痛袭遍了全身.痛得越来越厉害，歌声也越来越高昂，因为她歌唱地是由死亡升华地爱情，歌唱出坟墓中永垂不朽地爱情.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习最后这朵绝美地玫瑰变成了深红色，花瓣地外环是深红色地，花心红色欲滴，恰似一块红宝石.但是，夜莺地声音越来越微弱，眼睛也变得模糊起来.她地歌声更弱了，她觉得喉咙一阵哽咽.之后，他唱完了最后一曲，洁白地月亮听到了，他忘记了黎明，徘徊在夜空，红玫瑰听到了它，欣喜若狂地抖擞全身，在清晨微凉地空气中绽放着.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习“看，看！”树感到：“玫瑰开好了.”但是，夜莺没有回答因为她已经躺在长长地草丛中死去了，胸膛上还扎着那根花刺.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习中午，学生打开窗户，向外看.“天哪，多么幸运啊！”他叫着,“这是我见过最红地玫瑰.”他俯下身去把它摘了下来.然后，他戴上帽子，兴致勃勃地拿着玫瑰去找教授地女儿.“你说过，如果我给你一朵红玫瑰就和我一起跳舞.”学生说：“这是世界上最红地玫瑰，今晚，你今晚就把它戴在胸口上，我们一起跳舞地时候，他会告诉你我有多爱你.”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习然而女孩却皱起眉头.“恐怕它跟我地裙子不搭配，”她说道, “而且总管地侄子给我了许多珠宝，所有人都知道，珠宝要比花值钱很多.”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习“好吧，我只能说，你真是不知感恩.”学生生气地说;他把玫瑰扔在街上，掉进了臭水沟里.“爱是一件多么愚蠢地事情啊！”学生边走边说，“事实上，爱太不实际了，在这年头，干什么事都得实际点儿，我还是回家学我地哲学去吧.”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习他回到屋里，翻出一本满是尘土地书，读了起来.。
Nightingale-and-the-rose
wants n. 需求，欲望，必需品；缺乏( want的名词复数 ) ；需要的东西；贫穷；贫困
第10页，共27页。
fling v.(flung,flung)(P7)
1.to throw somebody/something somewhere with force, especially because you are angry e.g.Someone had flung a brick through the window.
Her spirits soared (= she became very happy and excited). 3.to fly very high in the air or remain high in the air
e.g.an eagle soaring high above the cliffs.
3.I’m something of an expert on antiques.
我算得上是研究古董的专家。
第12页，共27页。
soar v.(P13)
1.if the value, amount or level of something soars, it rises very quickly
一切并非无可挑剔，但已经竭尽全力了。
2. Our car was useless for want of petrol.
由于缺少汽油,我们的汽车派不上用场.
3. The project was abandoned for want of funds.
这计划因缺少资金而作罢.
live in want=live in poverty
安徒生童话-THENIGHTINGALE
安徒生童话-THENIGHTINGALE第一篇：安徒生童话-THE NIGHTINGALE1872FAIRY TALES OF HANS CHRISTIAN ANDERSENTHE NIGHTINGALEby Hans Christian AndersenIN China, you know, the emperor is a Chinese, and all those about him are Chinamen also.The story I am going to tell you happeneda great many years ago, so it is well to hear it now before it isforgotten.The emperor's palace was the most beautiful in the world.It was built entirely of porcelain, and very costly, but so delicateand brittle that whoever touched it was obliged to be careful.Inthe garden could be seen the most singular flowers, with pretty silverbells tied to them, which tinkled so that every one who passed couldnot help noticing the flowers.Indeed, everything in the emperor'sgarden was remarkable, and it extended so far that the gardenerhimself did not know where it ended.Those who travelled beyond itslimits knew that there was a noble forest, with lofty trees, slopingdown to the deep blue sea, and the great ships sailed underthe shadowof its branches.In one of these trees lived a nightingale, who sangso beautifully that even the poor fishermen, who had so many otherthings to do, would stop and listen.Sometimes, when they went atnight to spread their nets, they would hear her sing, and say, “Oh, is not that beautiful?” But when they returned to their fishing, theyforgot the bird until the next night.Then they would hear it again，and exclaim “Oh, how beautiful is the nightingale's song!”Travellers from every country in the world came to the city of theemperor, which they admired very much, as well as the palace andgardens;but when they heard the nightingale, they all declared itto be the best of all.And the travellers, on their return home，related what they had seen;and learned men wrote books, containingdescriptions of the town, the palace, and the gardens;but they didnot forget the nightingale, which was really the greatest wonder.And those who could write poetry composed beautiful verses about thenightingale, who lived in a forest near the deep sea.The bookstravelled all over the world, and some of them came into the handsof the emperor;and he sat in his golden chair, and, as he read, henodded his approval every moment, for it pleased him to find such abeautiful description of his city, his palace, and his gardens.Butwhen he came to the words, “the nightingale is the most beautiful ofall,” he exclaimed, “What is this? I know nothing of anynightingale.Is there such a bird in my empire? and even in my garden?I have never heard of it.Something, it appears, may be learnt from books.”Then he called one of his lords-in-waiting, who was so high-bred, that when any in an inferior rank to himself spoke to him, or asked him a question, he would answer, “Pooh,” which meansnothing.“There is a very wonderful bird mentioned here, called anightingale,” said the emperor;“they say it is the best thing in mylarge kingdom.Why have I not been told of it?”“I have never heard the name,” replied the cavalier;“she hasnot been presented at court.”“It is my pleasure that she shall appear this evening.” said theemperor;the whole world knows what I possess better than I do myself.“”I have never heard of her,“ said the cavalier;”yet I willendeavor to find her.“But where was the nightingale to be found? The nobleman went upstairs and down, through halls and passages;yet none of those whom hemet had heard of the bird.So he returned to the emperor, and saidthat it must be a fable, invented by those who had written the book.”Your imperial majesty,“ said he, ”cannot believe everything containedin books;sometimes they are only fiction, or what is called the black art.“”But the book in which I have read this account,“ said the emperor, ”was sent to me by the great and mighty emperor of Japan, and therefore it cannot contain a falsehood.I will hear thenightingale, she must be here this evening;she has my highestfavor;and if she does not come, the whole court shall be trampledupon after supper is ended.“”Tsing-pe!“ cried the lord-in-waiting, and again he ran up anddown stairs, through all the halls and corridors;and half the courtran with him, for they did not like the idea of being trampled upon.There was a great inquiry about this wonderful nightingale, whom allthe world knew, but who was unknown to the court.At last they met with a poor little girl in the kitchen, who said，”Oh,yes, I know the nightingale quite well;indeed, she can sing.Every evening I have permission to take home to my poor sick mother the scraps from the table;she lives down by the sea-shore, and as Icome back I feel tired, and I sit down in the wood to rest, and listento the nightingale's song.Then the tears come into my eyes, and it isjust as if my mother kis sed me.“”Little maiden,“ said the lord-in-waiting, ”I will obtain for you constant employment in the kitchen, and you shall have permission to see the emperor dine, if you will lead us to the nightingale;for she is invited for this evening to the palace.“ Soshe went into the wood where the nightingale sang, and half thecourt followed her.As they went along, a cow began lowing.”Oh,“ said a young courtier, ”now we have found her;whatwonderful power for such a small creature;I have certainly heard itbefor e.“”No, that is only a cow lowing,“ said the little girl;”we are along way from the place yet.“Then some frogs began to croak in the marsh.”Beautiful,“ said the young courtier again.”Now I hear it，tinkling like little church bells.“”No, those are frogs,“ said the little maiden;”but I think weshall soon hear her now:“ and presently the nightingale began to sing.”Hark, hark!there she is,“ said the girl, ”and there she sits,“she added, pointing to a little gray bird who was perched on a bough.”Is it possible?“ said the lord-in-waiting, ”I never imagined itwould be a little, plain, simple thing like that.She has certainly changed color at seeing so many grand people around her.“”Little nightingale,“ cried the girl, raising her voice, ”our mostgracious e mperor wishes you to sing before him.“”With the greatest pleasure,“ said the nightingale, and began tosing most delightfully.”It sounds like tiny glass bells,“ said the lord-in-waiting，”and see how her little throat works.It is surprising that we havene ver heard this before;she will be a great success at court.“”Shall I sing once more before the emperor?“ asked thenightingale, who thought he was present.”My excellent little nightingale,“ said the courtier, ”I havethe great pleasure of inviting you to a court festival this evening，where you will gain imperial favor by your charming song.“”My song sounds best in the green wood,“ said the bird;butstill she came willingly when she heard the emperor's wish.The palace was elegantly decorated for the occasion.The walls andfloors of porcelain glittered in the light of a thousand lamps.Beautiful flowers, round which little bells were tied, stoodin thecorridors: what with the running to and fro and the draught, thesebells tinkled so loudly that no one could speak to be heard.In thecentre of the great hall, a golden perch had been fixed for thenightingale to sit on.The whole court was present, and the littlekitchen-maid had received permission to stand by the door.She was notinstalled as a real court cook.All were in full dress, and every eye was turned to the little gray bird when the emperor nodded toher to begin.The nightingale sang so sweetly that the tears came intothe emperor's eyes, and then rolled down his cheeks, as her songbecame still more touching and went to every one's heart.Theemperor was so delighted that he declared the nightingale shouldhave his gold slipper to wear round her neck, but she declined the honor with thanks: she had been sufficiently rewarded already.”I haveseen tear s in an emperor's eyes,“ she said, ”that is my richestreward.An emperor's tears have wonderful power, and are quitesufficient honor for me;“ and then she sang again moreenchantinglythan ever.”That singing is a lovely gift;“ said the ladies of the court toeach other;and then they took water in their mouths to make themutter the gurgling sounds of the nightingale when they spoke to anyone, so thay they might fancy themselves nightingales.And the footmenand chambermaids also expressed their satisfaction, which is sayinga great deal, for they are very difficult to please.In fact thenightingale's visit was most successful.She was now to remain atcourt, to have her own cage, with liberty to go out twice a day, andonce during the night.Twelve servants were appointed to attend her onthese occasions, who each held her by a silken string fastened toher leg.There was certainly not much pleasure in this kind of flying.The whole city spoke of the wonderful bird, and when two peoplemet, one said ”nightin,“ and the other said ”gale,“ and theyunderstood what was meant, for nothing else was talked of.Elevenpeddlers' children were named after her, but not of them could sing a note.One day the emperor received a large packet on which was written ”The Nightingale.“ ”Here is no doubt anew book about our celebratedbird,“ said the emperor.But instead of a book, it was a work of artcontained in a casket, an artificial nightingale made to look like aliving one, and covered all over with diamonds, rubies, and sapphires.As soon as the artificial bird was wound up, it could sing like thereal one, and could move its tail up and down, which sparkled withsilver and gold.Round its neck hung a piece of ribbon, on which waswritten ”The Emperor of China's nightingale is poor compared with thatof the Emperor of Japan's.“”This is very beautiful,“ exclaimed all who saw it, and he who hadbrought the artificial bird received the title of ”Imperialnightingale-bringer-in-chief.“”Now they must sing together,“ said the court, ”and what a duet itwill be.“ But they did not get on well, for the real nightingale sang in its own natural way, but the artificial bird sang only waltzes.”That is not a fault,“ said the music-master, ”it is quite perfectto my taste,“ so then it had to sing alone, and was as successful asthe real bird;besides, it was so much prettier to look at, for it sparkled like bracelets and breast-pins.Three and thirty times did itsing the same tunes without being tired;the people would gladlyhave heard it again, but the emperor said the living nightingale ought to sing something.But where was she? No one had noticed her whenshe flew out at the open window, back to her own green woods.”What strange conduct,“ said the emperor, when her flight had beendiscovered;and all the courtiers blamed her, and said she was avery ungrateful creature.”But we have the best bird after all,“ said one, and then theywould have the bird sing again, although it was the thirty-fourth timethey had listened to the same piece, and even then they had not learntit, for it was rather difficult.But the music-master praised the birdin the highest degree, and even asserted that it was better than areal nightingale, not only in its dress and the beautiful diamonds，but also in its music al power.”For you must perceive, my chief lordand emperor, that with a real nightingale we can never tell what isgoing to be sung, but with this bird everything is settled.It canbe opened and explained, so that people may understand how the waltzesare formed, and why one note follows upon another.“”This is exactly what we think,“ they all replied, and then themusic-master received permission to exhibit the bird to the peopleon the following Sunday, and the emperor commanded that they should bepresent to hear it sing.When they heard it they were like peopleintoxicated;however it must have been with drinking tea, which isquite a Chinese custom.They all said ”Oh!“ and held up their forefingers and nodded, but a poor fisherman, who had heard the realn ightingale, said, ”it sounds prettily enough, and the melodies areall alike;yet there seems something wanting, I cannot exactly tell what.“And after this the real nightingale was banished from theempire, and the artificial bird placed on a silk cushion close tothe emperor's bed.The presents of gold and precious stones whichhad been received with it were round the bird, and it was now advancedto the title of ”Little Imperial T oilet Singer,“ and to the rank ofNo.1 on the left hand;for the emperor considered the left side, onwhich the heart lies, as the most noble, and the heart of an emperoris in the same place as that of other people.The music-master wrote a work, in twenty-five volumes, about theartificial bird, which was very learned and very long, and full of themost difficult Chinese words;yet all the people said they had readit, and understood it, for fear of being thought stupid and havingtheir bodies trampled upon.So a year passed, and the emperor, the court, and all the otherChinese knew every little turn in the artificial bird's song;and for that same reason it pleased them better.They could sing withthe bird, which they often did.The street-boys sang, ”Zi-zi-zi，cluck, cluck, cluck,“ and the emperor himself could sing it also.It was really most amusing.One evening, when the artificial bird was singing its best, andthe emperor lay in bed listening to it, something inside the birdsounded ”whizz.“ Then a spring cracked.”Whir-r-r-r“ went all thewheels, running round, and then the music stopped.The emperorimmediately sprang out of bed, and called for his physician;butwhat could he do? Then they sent for a watchmaker;and, after agreat deal of talking and examination, the bird was put into somethinglike order;but he said that it must be used very carefully, asthebarrels were worn, and it would be impossible to put in new oneswithout injuring the music.Now there was great sorrow, as the birdcould only be allowed to play once a year;and even that was dangerousfor the works inside it.Then the music-master made a little speech，full of hard words, and declared that the bird was as good as ever;and, of course no one contradicted him.Five years passed, and then a real grief came upon the land.TheChinese really were fond of their emperor, and he now lay so illthat he was not expected to live.Already a new emperor had beenchosen and the people who stood in the street asked thelord-in-waiting how the old emperor was;but he only said, ”Pooh!“ andshook his head.Cold and pale lay the emperor in his royal bed;the whole court thought he was dead, and every one ran away to pay homage to hissuccessor.The chamberlains went out to have a talk on the matter, andthe ladies'-maids invited company to take coffee.Cloth had beenlaid down on the halls and passages, so that not a footstep shouldbe heard, and all was silent and still.But the emperor was not yetdead, although he lay white and stiff on his gorgeous bed, with thelong velvet curtains and heavy gold tassels.A window stood open，and the moon shone in upon the emperor and the artificial bird.Thepoor emperor, finding he could scarcely breathe with a strangeweight on his chest, opened his eyes, and saw Death sitting there.He had put on the emperor's golden crown, and held in one hand hissword of state, and in the other his beautiful banner.All aroundthe bed and peeping through the long velvet curtains, were a number ofstrange heads, some very ugly, and others lovely and gentle-looking.These were the emperor's good and bad deeds, which stared him in theface now Death sat at his heart.”Do you remember this?“ ”Do you recollect that?“ they asked oneafter another, thus bringing to his remembrance circumstances thatmade the perspiration stand on his brow.”I know nothing about it,“ said the emperor.”Music!music!“ hecried;”the large Chinese drum!that I may not hear what they say.“But they still went on, and Death nodded like a Chinaman to all they said.”Music!music!“ shouted the emperor.”You little precious goldenbird, sing, pray sing!I have given you gold and costly presents;Ihave even hung my golden slipper round your neck.Sing!sing!“ But thebird remained silent.There was no one to wind it up, and therefore itcould not sing a note.Death continued to stare at the emperor with his cold, holloweyes, and the room was fearfully still.Suddenly there came throughthe open window the sound of sweet music.Outside, on the bough of atree, sat the living nightingale.She had heard of the emperor'sillness, and was therefore come to sing to him of hope and trust.And as she sung, the shadows grew paler and paler;the blood in theemperor's veins flowed more rapidly, and gave life to his weaklimbs;and even Death himself listened, and said, ”Go on, littlenightingale, go on.“”Then will you give me the beautiful golden sword and that richbanner? and will you give me the emperor's crown?“ said the bird.So Death gave up each of these treasures for a song;and thenightingale continued her singing.She sung of the quiet churchyard，where the white roses grow, where the elder-tree wafts its perfumeon the breeze, and the fresh, sweet grass is moistened by the mourners' tears.Then Death longed to go and see his garden,andfloated out through the window in the form of a cold, white mist.”Thanks, thanks, you heav enly little bird.I know you well.I banished you from my kingdom once, and yet you have charmed away theevil faces from my bed, and banished Death from my heart, with yoursweet song.How can I reward you?“”You have already rewarded me,“ said the nightingale.”I shallnever forget that I drew tears from your eyes the first time I sang toyou.These are the jewels that rejoice a singer's heart.But now sleep, and grow strong and well again.I will sing to you again.“And as she sung, the emperor fell into a sweet sleep;and how mildand refreshing that slumber was!When he awoke, strengthened andrestored, the sun shone brightly through the window;but not one ofhis servants had returned-they all believed he was dead;only thenightingale still sat beside him, a nd sang.”You must always remain with me,“ said the emperor.”You shallsing only when it pleases you;and I will break the artificial birdinto a thousand pieces.“”No;do not do that,“ replied the nightingale;”the bird did very well as long as it could.Keep it here still.I cannot live inthe palace, and build my nest;but let me come when I like.I will siton a bough outside your window, in the evening, and sing to you, sothat you may be happy, and have thoughts full of joy.I will sing toyou of those who are happy, and those who suffer;of the good and the evil, who are hidden around you.The little singing bird flies farfrom you and your court to the home of the fisherman and the peasant'scot.I love your heart better than your crown;and yet somethingholy lingers round that also.I will come, I will sing to you;but youmust promise me one thing.“”Everything,“ said the emperor, who, having dressed himself in hisimperial robes, stood with the hand that held the heavy golden swordpressed to his heart.”I only ask one thing,“ she replied;”let no one know that youhave a little bird who tells you everything.It will be best to conceal it.“ So saying, the nightingale flew away.The servants now came in to look after the dead emperor;when, lo!there he stood, and, to their astonishment, said, ”Good morning."THE END.第二篇：安徒生童话神话童话一教案复习回顾：上节课我们欣赏的日本动画师所做童话色彩浓郁的动画短片《回忆积木小屋》，不少同学的点评很有新意，希望大家就以这样独特的眼光去欣赏这样优秀的童话、神话以及其改编作品，结合作业具体点评。
Unit 5 The Nightingale and the Rose教案精编版
Unit 5 The Nightingale and the RoseOscar WildeObjectivesUnderstand the structure and the general idea of the storyThink about how to interpret the storyKnow something about the authorLearn to appreciate the beauty in this story and analyze how it is createdⅠ.Warming upQuestions/ActivitiesCan you name some of the fairy tales that you have read?Who are the most famous fairy tales collectors and writers?Can you tell which fairy tales the following pictures illustrate?Check-on PreviewComplete the words according to the explanation.1. c___________ 1. having a deep purplish red color2. e____________ 2. a very strong feeling of joy and happiness3..c____________ 3.a transparent natural mineral that looks like ice4. p____________ 4. to pick5.f____________ 5.to move(the wings) quickly and lightly up and down6. s____________ 6. to fly high up into the sky7. w___________ 7. very unhappy8. s___________ 8. a ray of sunlight9. e____________ 9. a bright green precious stone10. g___________ 10. a channel at the edge of a road next to the pavement where watercollects and flows awayQuestions on the contentHow do you like the story?Do you think the story tragic? Why?Do you find it a touching story? What touches you most?What’s the theme of the story?Do “the nightingale” and “the rose” have symbolic meanings? What are they?Ⅱ.BackgroundThe authorHis lifeOscar Wilde (1854-1900)Born and raised in Dublin, IrelandHe went to Oxford University where he achieved a distinguished academic record.An advocate of aestheticism and a follower of the philosophy of “art for art's sake”.His WorksLady Windermere’s Fan;The Importance of Being Earnest;An Ideal Husband;The Happy Prince;The Selfish GiantHis Quotes“We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars.”“I have nothing to declare but my genius.”“Men become old, but they never become good.”(Lady Windermere's Fan)“Men know life too early. Women know life too late. That is the difference between men and women.”(A Woman of No Importance)“Women are meant to be loved, not to be understood.”(The Sphinx Without a Secret)Art for Art’s SakeA slogan meaning that the beauty of art is reason enough for pursuing them — that art doesnot have to serve purposes taken from politics, religion, economics, and so on.Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Edgar Allan Poe, and Oscar Wilde argued for the doctrine of art for art's sake.Fairy TalesThe frequent use of personificationThe symbolic meaning given to wordsThe vivid, simple narration, which is typical of the oral tradition of fairy talesThe repetitive pattern usedⅢ. Text analysisThemeLove is better than life.Love for love’s sake.True love cannot survive in a practical world.StyleFairy TalesThe frequent use of personificationThe symbolic meaning given to wordsThe vivid, simple narration, which is typical of the oral tradition of fairy talesThe repetitive pattern usedstructureParas. 1-12 The Nightingale was struck by the “mystery of love”.Paras. 13-45 The Nightingale built a red rose with her life-blood.Paras. 46-54 The Student discarded the red rose.Detailed analysisPart I: Main IdeaHow did the Nightingale think of the Student?What do the “green lizard”, the “Butterfly” and the “Daisy” symbolize?Key:She thought the Student was a true lover who badly needed a red rose for his love.They symbolize people who do not believe in true love.Part I: Sentence Paraphrase… yet for want of a red rose my life is made wretched. (para. 3)Part I: Words & ExpressionsWretched; dear; fling; cynic; for want of; sing of ;dance to; flutter about; something ofPart I: ExerciseTranslate the following sentences into English, using words in brackets.1. 想不出更好的词，就让我们称它为自我中心论吧. (for want of )2. 我父亲喜欢古币，他算得上一个收藏家。
Unit 5 The Nightingale and the Rose
• But the emperor isn't wearing any clothes!
• Yes Beast, I will marry you
• For a long time he stood gazing at her face, so full of serenity, so peaceful, lovely and pure, and he felt spring to his heart that love he had always been searching for and never found.
Pre-class Study
Fairy tale:
•Witches and Queens •giants and elves (精灵) •princes and princesses •talking animals
Pre-class Study
Fairy tale:
Marvelous and magical things happen: – a boy may become a bird – a princess may sleep for a hundred years Always same ending and similar theme: – truth prevails over deception – generosity is ultimately rewarded – hard work overcomes obstacles – love, mercy and kindness are the greatest powers of all
• Minor characters:
the Oak tree the Lizard a Butterfly a Daisy the Moon Chamberlain’s nephew
Book 2 Unit 3 The Nightingale and the Rose课件
Art for Art’s Sake
associated with the aesthetic doctrine that art is selfsufficient and need serve no moral or political purpose The only purpose of the artist is art, not religion, or science, or interest. He who paints or writes only for
is finished.
Grammar
Lesson 4 The Nightingale and the Rose
Warm-up
1. Question 2. Do You Know?
Question
• Do you believe in perfect love? Why or why not?
Do You Know?
What comes to your mind when you first read
3) repetitive pattern
Background Information
I.
Author
II.
Art for Art’s Sake
Author
Oscar Wilde, the son of the late Sir William Wilde, an eminent Irish surgeon. His mother was a graceful writer, both in prose and verse. He had a brilliant career at Oxford, where he won the Newdigate Prize for English verse for a poem on Ravenna. Even before he left the University in 1878 Wilde had become known as one of the most affected of the professors of the aesthetic craze, and for several years it was as the typical aesthete that he kept himself before the notice of the public.
现代大学英语精读1UNIT5TheNightingaleandtheRose课文翻译
第五单元夜莺与玫瑰“她说如果我给她带去红玫瑰，她愿意和我一起跳舞.”年轻地学生哭喊道，“但满院子都没有一朵红玫瑰.”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习这番话给在老橡树上自己巢中地夜莺听见了，她通过橡树叶张望，心中诧异.“在我地花园没有红玫瑰！”他哭着说，他美丽地大眼满含泪水：“啊，圣贤之书我已读完，哲学奥妙尽藏心中，然而缺少一朵红玫瑰却使我地生活瞬时暗淡！”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习“终于有一位重感情地人了，”夜莺说，“我曾日日夜夜为他歌唱，现在我终于见到他了.”“王子明晚将举行一个舞会，”年轻地学生喃喃道：“我地爱人也将前往我若为他采得红玫瑰，她将和我一直跳舞到天亮.我会揽她入怀，而她也会偎依在我地肩头.但在我地花园没有红玫瑰，因此我只能独自坐那儿黯然神伤，心痛无比.”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习“他确实是一个重感情地人，”夜莺说.真爱是美好地，它价胜千金.“乐师们将奏乐助兴，”年轻地学生道，“我地爱人将和着竖琴和小提琴声翩翩起舞.她地身姿是如此地轻盈宛似蜻蜓点水般.但他是不会和我一起跳地，因为我没有红玫瑰献给她.”于是他扑倒在草地上，双手捂着脸放声痛哭起来.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习“他为什么哭泣呢？”一只绿色地蜥蜴翘着尾巴经过他身边时问道.“是啊，到底为什么呢？”一只在阳光下挥动着翅膀地蝴蝶问道.“到底为什么呢？”一朵雏菊用低沉地声音对他地邻居说道.“他为一只红玫瑰哭泣.”夜莺说.“为了一朵红玫瑰？”他们叫道，“太荒谬了！”那本来就有点愤世嫉俗地小蜥蜴肆无忌惮地笑道.但是夜莺了解男孩地悲痛，默默无声地坐在橡树上.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习突然她张开自己棕色地双翼，向空中飞去.她犹如影子般穿越树林，又如影子般越过花园.在草地地中心一棵美丽地红玫瑰树傲然屹立.她看到后立即向它飞去：“给我一朵红玫瑰，”她高声喊道，“我将为你献上我最甜美地歌声.”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习但是树儿摇了摇头.“我地玫瑰是白色地，”它说，“白如海之浪花，白胜高山千年积雪.但你可以去找我地兄弟，他住在日晷旁边，或许它可以给你一朵.”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习于是夜莺就朝那棵生长在古日晷器旁地玫瑰树飞去了.“给我一朵红玫瑰，” 她高声喊道，“我将为你献上我最甜美地歌声.”但是树儿摇了摇头.“我地玫瑰是黄色地，”它说，“黄如美人鱼地秀发，黄胜草地上盛开地水仙花.你可以去找我那生长在学生窗前地兄弟，或许他可以给你一朵.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习于是夜莺朝那棵生长在学生窗下地玫瑰树飞去了.“给我一朵红玫瑰，” 她高声喊道，“我将为你献上我最甜美地歌声.”但是树儿摇了摇头.“我地玫瑰是红色地，”它说，“红如白鸽之足，红胜珊瑚之扇.不过寒冬冻僵了我地血管，霜雪摧残了我地蓓蕾，风暴折断了我地枝干.因此今年我不会开花了.”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习“我只要一朵玫瑰花，”夜莺啜泣着说，“只要一朵，难道就有没有办法得到它吗？”“有一个方法，”树儿答道：“但那太可怕了，我不敢告诉你.”“告诉我，”夜莺说，“我不怕.”“如果你想得到一朵红玫瑰”树儿说，“你必须借助月光，用音乐造就它，用你胸膛地鲜血染红它.“你必须用你地胸膛顶住我地一根刺，漫漫长夜一直为我歌唱.这根刺一定要穿透你地胸膛，你地生命之血将流入我地血管，变成我地.”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习“用死亡去换一朵红玫瑰，这代价太高了，”夜莺哭着说，“生命诚可贵，爱情价更高.再说鸟地心又怎么能比得过人地真心呢？”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习于是，她便张开自己棕色地翅膀朝天空中飞去了.她犹如影子般穿越树林，又如影子般越过花园.那个年轻学生仍旧躺在草地上，迷人地眼角还残留着未干地泪水.“高兴点儿，”夜莺叫道,“高兴点儿，你会得到红玫瑰地.我要借助月关地灵气，用歌声造出一朵玫瑰，并用我胸膛地血将它染红.用心去爱，这是你对我最好地报答.”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习男孩仰着脸看着她，静静地聆听，却听不懂夜莺这临死前地嘱托.但那棵老橡树听懂了，他伤心极了，因为他是那么喜欢那只小夜莺.“为我唱最后一支歌吧!”他低声说，“你不在地时候我会寂寞地.”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习于是，夜莺放声歌唱，歌声清脆婉转，就像在银罐里涌动地水浪一般悦耳.她唱完以后，那个学生便从草地上爬了起来.“他确实有几分姿色，“他边走边自言自语，“这是不可否认地，但她真地对我有感觉吗？恐怕不是这样.事实上，多数艺术家一样，她地爱徒具形式，却没有真心.”他走进屋子，往床上一躺，不一会儿就进入了梦乡.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习当月亮高悬于夜空之上，银辉遍撒大地，夜莺向玫瑰树飞去，用自己地胸膛顶住花刺.整整一夜她顶着花刺歌唱，就连冰凉如水晶地明月也俯下身来倾听.整整一夜她唱个不停，刺在她地胸口上越刺越深，她身上地鲜血也快要流光了.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习她开始唱起少男少女情窦初开，懵懂地爱.在玫瑰树最高地枝头上开放出一朵绝美地玫瑰，歌儿一首接着一首地唱，花瓣也一片片地开放了.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习然而这时树大声叫夜莺把刺顶得更紧一些.“顶紧些，小家伙，”树大叫着，“不然玫瑰还没有完成天就要亮了.”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习于是夜莺把刺顶得更紧了，她地歌声也越来越响亮了，因为她歌唱着一对成年男女灵魂深处涌地对爱地渴求.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习接着，玫瑰花瓣上泛出点点粉红，就跟新郎亲吻新娘时，新娘脸上浮现地红晕一样.但是花刺还没有达到夜莺地心脏，所以玫瑰花心还是白色地.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习这时树又大声叫夜莺顶得更紧些，“再紧些，小夜莺，”树儿高声喊着，“不然，玫瑰还没有完成天就要亮了.”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习于是夜莺更紧地用身躯顶住花刺，花刺撕扯着她地心脏，阵阵剧痛袭遍了全身.痛得越来越厉害，歌声也越来越高昂，因为她歌唱地是由死亡升华地爱情，歌唱出坟墓中永垂不朽地爱情.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习最后这朵绝美地玫瑰变成了深红色，花瓣地外环是深红色地，花心红色欲滴，恰似一块红宝石.但是，夜莺地声音越来越微弱，眼睛也变得模糊起来.她地歌声更弱了，她觉得喉咙一阵哽咽.之后，他唱完了最后一曲，洁白地月亮听到了，他忘记了黎明，徘徊在夜空，红玫瑰听到了它，欣喜若狂地抖擞全身，在清晨微凉地空气中绽放着.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习“看，看！”树感到：“玫瑰开好了.”但是，夜莺没有回答因为她已经躺在长长地草丛中死去了，胸膛上还扎着那根花刺.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习中午，学生打开窗户，向外看.“天哪，多么幸运啊！”他叫着,“这是我见过最红地玫瑰.”他俯下身去把它摘了下来.然后，他戴上帽子，兴致勃勃地拿着玫瑰去找教授地女儿.“你说过，如果我给你一朵红玫瑰就和我一起跳舞.”学生说：“这是世界上最红地玫瑰，今晚，你今晚就把它戴在胸口上，我们一起跳舞地时候，他会告诉你我有多爱你.”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习然而女孩却皱起眉头.“恐怕它跟我地裙子不搭配，”她说道, “而且总管地侄子给我了许多珠宝，所有人都知道，珠宝要比花值钱很多.”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习“好吧，我只能说，你真是不知感恩.”学生生气地说;他把玫瑰扔在街上，掉进了臭水沟里.“爱是一件多么愚蠢地事情啊！”学生边走边说，“事实上，爱太不实际了，在这年头，干什么事都得实际点儿，我还是回家学我地哲学去吧.”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习他回到屋里，翻出一本满是尘土地书，读了起来.。
lesson5-The-Nightingale-and-the-Rose
About Roses
Red Roses
Red -- Love, Respect and Courage
White Roses
White -- Innocence, Purity, Secrecy, Silence, Reverence, Humility and (according to some sources) True Love
Take a Love Quiz
You finally get to your love's house. You ring the bell and a family member answers the door. You can ask the family member to get your love, or
WHICH PATH DO YOU CHOOSE? Short or Long?
Take a Love Quiz
On the way, you see two rose bushes. One is full of white roses; the other is full of red roses. You decide
The Brothers Grimm (Jacob 1785-1863 and Wilhelm 17861859) devoted their lives to collecting these German legends, originally published in 1812 as Children’s and Household Tales.
So, if a person chose all red with one white rose, he/she gives 90% in the relationship, but expects to receive only 10% back.
高中英语选修课：英语文学欣赏-The-Nightingal-and-The-Rose夜莺与玫瑰-教学
In some of his fairy tales like The Devoted Friend, The Happy Prince, The Nightingale and The Rose and The Selfish Giant,
written in a graceful style, he expressed his sympathy with the sufferings of the poor and contempt for the greed and selfishness of the rich.
An Ideal Husband 《理想的丈夫》 1895 The Importance of Being Earnest 《认真的重要性》 Salome 《莎乐美》 (written originally in French and
published in English)
1895
In May 1895, when Wilde rose to the summit of his fame, he was sentenced to two years’ hard labor on a charge of immoral conduct. After release, he went to France, for he was totally disappointed at the society of the Victorian England. And then died suddenly in 1900.
Nightingale --- a truthful, devoted pursuer of love, who dares to sacrifice his own precious life
《现代大学英语精读1》第五课nightingaleandtherose剖析
• 1. c___________ 1. having a deep purplish red 111111111111111111colour
• 2. e____________ 2. a very strong feeling of joy 111111111111111111and happy indeed!” she replied. “I have scarcely closed my eyes the whole night through. I do not know what was in my bed, but I had something hard under me, and am all over black and blue. It has hurt me so much!”
Unit 5
The Nightingale & The Rose
by Oscar Wilde
The Nightingale and the Rose
The Nightingale and the RoseUnit 5
W arming up B ackground T ext Analysis R einforcement
pavement where water collects and flows away
WB TR
Warming up Objectives
• Understand the structure and the general idea of the story
• Think about how to interpret the story • Know something about the author • Learn to appreciate the beauty in this story
课题Unit 4 The Nightingale and the Rose
1.Review and preview
2.Recite the words and phrases of text A
3.Finish the exercises P. 94- P.106
4.Prepare for the given topic
5.Dramatize the story
Inversion
Relative clauses
Modals and prepositions
4. Pay more attention to the details of the text
板书设计:
Ⅰ.Background information
About the author: Oscar Wilde’s early school years and his works;
Oscar Wilde’s belief; Quotes from his works
Ⅱ. Text analysis
i.structure of the text
ii.genre of this story and its characteristics: Fairy tales;
iii.symbolic meanings
Climax and anti-climax
iv.Syntactic device: inversion
IV. Language Points
1.jewels: emeralds, ruby, sapphire, jade, diamond
plants: daisy, rose, oak-tree,daffodil
4. Quick-view
1. Let students understand the background information of the text and the author
The-Nightingale-and-the-rose
The Nightingale and the RoseThe Author ：Ward 【En】“She said that she would dance with me if I bought her a red rose,” cried the young student，“but in all my garden there is no red rose。
”From her nest in the oak tree，the Nightingale heard him, and She looked out though the leaves and wondered。
“No red rose in my garden！” He cried，and his beautiful eyes field with tears. “Ah，on what little things does happiness depend? I have red lots of books, and have great knowledge, yet the lack of a red rose makes me very sad.”“Here is a true lover，” said the Nightingale “I have sung of him night after night，though I did not know him. I have told his story to stars, and now I see him. His lips are red as rose of his desire. But sorrow has made his face pale i vory.””The prince gives a ball tomorrow night，”said the young student “and my love will take part。
夜莺与玫瑰最全英文原文及林徽因译文
THE NIGHTINGALE AND THE ROSE"She said that she would dance with me if I brought her red roses," cried the young Student, "but in all my garden there is no red rose."From her nest in the oak tree the Nightingale heard him, and she looked out through the leaves and wondered."No red rose in all my garden!" he cried, and his beautiful eyes filled with tears. "Ah, on what little things does happiness depend! I have read all that the wise men have written, and all the secrets of philosophy are mine, yet for want (没有) of a red rose is my life made wretched.""Here at last is a true lover," said the Nightingale. "Night after night have I sung of him, though I knew him not: night after night have I told his story to the stars and now I see him. His hair is dark as the hyacinth(风信子)-- blossom, and his lips are red as the rose of his desire; but passion has made his face like pale ivory, and sorrow has set her seal upon his brow.""The Prince gives a ball (舞会) to-morrow night," murmured the young student, "and my love will be of the company. If I bring her a red rose she will dance with me till dawn. If I bring her a red rose, I should hold her in my arms, and she will lean her head uponmy shoulder, and her hand will be clasped in mine. But there is no red rose in my garden, so I shall sit lonely, and she will pass me by. She will have no heed of me, and my heart will break.""Here, indeed, is the true lover," said the Nightingale. "What I sing of, he suffers: what is joy to me, to him is pain. Surely love is a wonderful thing. It is more precious than emeralds (翡翠), and dearer than fine opals (蛋白石). Pearls and pomegranates cannot buy it, nor is it set forth in the market-place. It may not be purchased of the merchants, nor can it be weighed out in the balance for gold.""The musicians will sit in their gallery," said the young Student, "and play upon their stringed instruments, and my love will dance to the sound of the harp and the violin. She will dance so lightly that her feet will not touch the floor, and the courtiers in their gay dresses will throng round her. But with me she will not dance, for I have no red rose to give her:" and he flung himself down on the grass, and buried his face in his hands, and wept."Why is he weeping?" asked a little Green Lizard, as he ran past him with his tail in the air."Why, indeed?" said a Butterfly, who was fluttering about after a sunbeam."Why, indeed?" whispered a Daisy to his neighbour, in a soft, low voice."He is weeping for a red rose," said the Nightingale."For a red rose?" they cried: "how very ridiculous!" and the little Lizard, who was something of a cynic (愤世嫉俗者), laughed outright.But the Nightingale understood the secret of the Student’s sorrow, and she sat silent in the oak-tree, and thought about the mystery of Love.Suddenly she spread her brown wings for flight, and soared into the air. She passed through the grove like a shadow and like a shadow she sailed across the garden.In the center of the grass-plot was standing a beautiful Rose-tree, and when she saw it she flew over to it, and lit upon a spray."Give me a red rose," she cried, "and I will sing you my sweetest song."But the Tree shook its head."My roses are white," it answered; "as white as the foam of the sea, and whiter than the snow upon the mountain. But go to my brother who grows round the old sun-dial (一种玫瑰), and perhaps he will give you what you want."So the Nightingale flew over to the Rose-tree that was growing round the old sun-dial."Give me a red rose," she cried, "and I will sing you my sweetest song."But the Tree shook its head."My roses are yellow," it answered; "as yellow as the hair of the mermaiden (美人鱼) who sits upon an amber throne, and yellower than the daffodil (黄水仙) that blooms in the meadow before the mower comes with his scythe. But go to my brother who grows beneath the Student’s window, and perhaps he will give you what you want."So the Nightingale flew over to the Rose-tree that was growing beneath the Student’s window."Give me a red rose," she cried, "and I will sing you my sweetest song."But the Tree shook its head."My roses are red," it answered, "as red as the feet of the dove, and redder than the great fans of coral that wave and wave in the ocean-cavern. But the winter has chilled my veins, and the frost has nipped (摧残) my buds, and the storm has broken my branches, and I shall have no roses at all this year.""One red rose is all I want," cried the Nightingale, "only one red rose! Is there no way by which I can get it?""There is a way," answered the Tree; "but it is so terrible that Idare not tell it to you.""Tell it to me," said the Nightingale, "I am not afraid.""If you want a red rose," said the Tree, "you must build it out of music by moonlight, and stain it with your own heart’s blood. You must sing to me with your breast against a thorn. All night long you must sing to me, and the thorn must pierce your heart, and your life-blood must flow into me veins, and become mine.""Death is a great price to pay for a red rose," cried the Nightingale, "and Life is very dear to all. It is pleasant to sit in the green wood, and to watch the Sun in his chariot (战车) of gold, and the Moon in her chariot of pearl. Sweet is the scent of the hawthorn, and sweet are the bluebells that hide in the valley, and the heather that blows on the hill. Yet love is better than Life, and what is the heart of a bird compared to the heart of a man?"So she spread her brown wings for flight, and soared into the air. She swept over the garden like a shadow, and like a shadow she sailed through the grove.The young Student was still lying on the grass, where she had left him, and the tears were not yet dry in his beautiful eyes."Be happy," cried the Nightingale, "be happy; you shall have your red rose. I will build it out of music by moonlight, and stain it with my own heart’s blood. All that I ask of you in return is that youwill be a true lover, for Love is wiser than Philosophy (哲学), though he is wise, and mightier than Power, though he is mighty. Flame-coloured are his wings, and coloured like flame is his body. His lips are sweet as homey, and his breath is like frankincense."The Student looked up from the grass, and listened, but he could not understand what the Nightingale was saying to him, for he only knew the things that are written down in books.But the Oak-tree understood, and felt sad, for he was very fond of the little Nightingale, who had built her nest in his branches."Sing me one last song," he whispered; "I shall feel lonely when you are gone."So the Nightingale sang to the Oak-tree, and her voice was like water bubbling from a silver jar.When she had finished her song, the Student got up, and pulled a note-book and a lead-pencil out of his pocket."She had form," her said to himself, as he walked away through the grove—"that cannot be denied to her; but has she got feeling? I am afraid not. In fact, she is like most artists; she is all style without any sincerity. She would not sacrifice herself for others. She thinks merely of music, and everybody knows that the arts are selfish. Still, it must be admitted that she has some beautiful notes in her voice. What a pity it is that they do not mean anything, or do any practicalgood!" And he went into his room, and lay down on his little pallet-bed, and began to think of his love; and, after a time, he fell asleep.And when the moon shone in the heavens the Nightingale flew to the Rose-tree, and set her breast against the thorn. All night long she sang, with her breast against the thorn, and the cold crystal Moon leaned down and listened. All night long she sang, and the thorn went deeper and deeper into her breast, and her life-blood ebbed away from her.She sang first of the birth of love in the heart of a boy and a girl. And on the topmost spray of the Rose-tree there blossomed a marvelous rose, petal following petal, as song followed song. Pale was it, at first, as the mist that hangs over the river—pale as the feet of the morning, and silver as the wings of the dawn. As the shadow of a rose in a mirror of silver, as the shadow of a rose in a water-pool, so was the rose that blossomed on the topmost spray of the Tree.But the Tree cried to the Nightingale to press closer against the thorn. "Press closer, little Nightingale," cried the Tree, "or the Day will come before the rose is finished."So the Nightingale pressed closer against the thorn, and louder and louder grew her song, for she sang of the birth of passion in the soul of a man and a maid.And a delicate flush of pink came into the leaves of the rose, like the flush in the face of the bridegroom when he kisses the lips of the bride. But the thorn had not yet reached her heart, so the rose’s heart remained white, for only a Nightingale’s he art’s blood can crimson the heart of a rose.And the Tree cried to the Nightingale to press closer against the thorn. "Press closer, little Nightingale," cried the Tree, "or the Day will come before the rose is finished."So the Nightingale pressed closer against the thorn, and the thorn touched her heart, and a fierce pang of pain shot through her. Bitter, bitter was the pain, and wilder and wilder grew her song, for she sang of the Love that is perfected by Death, of the Love that dies not in the tomb.And the marvelous rose became crimson (猩红), like the rose of the eastern sky. Crimson was the girdle of petals, and crimson as a ruby (红宝石) was the heart.But the Nightingale’voice grew fainter, and her little wings began to beat, and a film came over her eyes. Fainter and fainter grew her song, and she felt something choking her in her throat.Then she gave one last burst of music. The white Moon heard it, and she forgot the dawn, and lingered on in the sky. The red rose heard it, and it trembled all over with ecstasy, and opened its petalsto the cold morning air. Echo bore it to her purple cavern in the hills, and woke the sleeping shepherds from their dreams. It floated through the reeds of the river, and they carried its message to the sea."Look, look!" cried the Tree, "the rose is finished now;" but the Nightingale made not answer, for she was lying dead in the long grass, with the thorn in her heart.And at noon the Student opened his window and looked out."Why, what a wonderful piece of luck!" He cried; "here is a red rose! I have never seen any rose like it in all my life. It is so beautiful that I am sure it has a long Latin name;" and he leaned down and plucked it.Then he put on his hat, and ran up to the Professor’s house with the rose in his hand.The daughter of the Professor was sitting in the doorway winding blue silk on a reel, and her little dog was lying at her feet."You said that you would dance with me if I brought you a red rose," cried the Student. "Here is the reddest rose in all the world. You will wear it to-night next your heart, and as we dance together it will tell you how I love you."But he girl frowned."I am afraid it will not go with my dress," she answered; "and, besides, the Chamberlain’s nephew had sent me some real jewels,and everybody knows that jewels cost far more than flowers.""Well, upon my word, you are very ungrateful," said the Student angrily; and he threw the rose onto he street, where it fell into the gutter (阴沟), and a cartwheel went over it."Ungrateful!" said the girl. "I tell you what, you are very rude; and, after all, who are you? Only a Student. Why, I dont believe you have even got silver buckles to your shoes as the Chamberlain’s nephew has;" and she got up from her chair and went into the house."What a silly thing Love is!" said the Student as he walked away. "It is not half as useful as Logic, for it does not prove anything, and it is always telling one of things that are not going to happen, and making one believe things that are not true. In fact, it is quite unpractical, and, as in this age to be practical is everything, I shall go back to Philosophy and study Metaphysics (玄学)."So he returned to his room and pulled out a great dusty book, and began to read.夜莺与玫瑰王尔德原著；林徽因译作“她说我若为她采得红玫瑰，便与我跳舞。
现代大学英语精读1UNIT5TheNightingaleandtheRose课文翻译
18第五单元Translation of Text A夜莺与玫瑰1 “她说如果我给她带去红玫瑰，她愿意和我一起跳舞。
”年轻的学生哭喊道，“但满院子都没有一朵红玫瑰。
”2 这番话给在老橡树上自己巢中的夜莺听见了，她通过橡树叶张望，心中诧异。
3 “在我的花园没有红玫瑰！”他哭着说，他美丽的大眼满含泪水：“啊，圣贤之书我已读完，哲学奥妙尽藏心中，然而缺少一朵红玫瑰却使我的生活瞬时暗淡！”4 “终于有一位重感情的人了，”夜莺说，“我曾日日夜夜为他歌唱，现在我终于见到他了。
”5 “王子明晚将举行一个舞会，”年轻的学生喃喃道：“我的爱人也将前往我若为他采得红玫瑰，她将和我一直跳舞到天亮。
我会揽她入怀，而她也会偎依在我的肩头。
但在我的花园没有红玫瑰，因此我只能独自坐那儿黯然神伤，心痛无比。
”6 “他确实是一个重感情的人，”夜莺说。
真爱是美好的，它价胜千金。
7 “乐师们将奏乐助兴，”年轻的学生道，“我的爱人将和着竖琴和小提琴声翩翩起舞。
她的身姿是如此的轻盈宛似蜻蜓点水般。
但他是不会和我一起跳的，因为我没有红玫瑰献给她。
”于是他扑倒在草地上，双手捂着脸放声痛哭起来。
8 “他为什么哭泣呢？”一只绿色的蜥蜴翘着尾巴经过他身边时问道。
9 “是啊，到底为什么呢？”一只在阳光下挥动着翅膀的蝴蝶问道。
10 “到底为什么呢？”一朵雏菊用低沉的声音对他的邻居说道.11 “他为一只红玫瑰哭泣。
”夜莺说。
12 “为了一朵红玫瑰？”他们叫道，“太荒谬了！”那本来就有点愤世嫉俗的小蜥蜴肆无忌惮的笑道。
但是夜莺了解男孩的悲痛，默默无声地坐在橡树上。
13 突然她张开自己棕色的双翼，向空中飞去。
她犹如影子般穿越树林，又如影子般越过花园。
14 在草地的中心一棵美丽的红玫瑰树傲然屹立。
她看到后立即向它飞去：“给我一朵红玫瑰，”她高声喊道，“我将为你献上我最甜美的歌声。
”15 但是树儿摇了摇头。
16 “我的玫瑰是白色的，”它说，“白如海之浪花，白胜高山千年积雪。
4-The Nightingale and the Rose
TRANSITIVITY ANALYSIS: REPRESENTATION OF LOVE IN WILDE’S THENIGHTINGALE AND THE ROSEAsad Mehmood, Roshan Amber, Sobia Ameer & Rabia FaizUniversity of Sargodha, Sargodha, PAKISTANABSTRACTThis study reorients representation of love in Oscar Wilde’s short story The Nightingale and the Rose in a more focused way by subjecting it to Halliday’s transitivity model of text analysis. The transitivity analysis showed how Wilde balances the concept of love which, upon cursory glance, appears to tilt towards the protagonist, the nightingale, with the arousal of sympathy. Transitivity analysis of the short story by taking into account the processes associated with the main characters enabled t o bring to limelight Wilde’s widely acknowledged and debated view of contraries by presenting the nightingale and the young student of philosophy as two contrary views of love balancing each other. The finding through linguistic tool of transitivity is based on the assumption that language form is not fortuitous, but performs a communicative function.Keywords: The Nightingale and the Rose, Oscar Wilde, Linguistics, Stylistics, Transitivity Analysis.INTRODUCTIONIt is widely believed that people who study and use a language are interested in how they can do things with language, how they can make meanings build up and be understood through choices of words and grammatical resources. Bloor and Bloor claim that “when people use language, their language acts produce –construct meaning” (2004, p. 2). Kroger and Wood (2000, p. 4) believe that language is taken to be not simply a tool for description and a medium of communication but as a social practice, a way of doing things. The study of language is so i mportant that, as Fairclough (1989, p. 2) states, “using language is the most common form of social behaviour” and we depend on language in our public and private interaction, determining our relationships with other individuals and the social institutions we inhabit. For Halliday (1985, xiv), “a language is interpreted as a system of meanings, accompanied by forms through which the meanings can be realized and answer the question, “how are these meanings expressed?” This puts the forms of a language in a d ifferent perspective: as means to an end, rather than as an end in themselves.” It is from this point of view of language that systemic functional linguistics was developed by Halliday and his associates during the 1960s. Fairclough claims that language “i s a material form of ideology, and language is invested by ideology” (2001, p. 73). Social language or discourse is not only representational but intervenes in social change because “discourse contributes to the creation and recreation of the relations, su bjects…and objects which populate the social world” (p.73). That is to say, discourses are material effects of ideology which also have a strong impact on shaping our sense of reality. Making the same point, Fowler makes the link between discourse and ide ology even clearer when he defines discourse as “socially and institutionally originating ideology, encoded in language” (1986, p. 42).With this idea in mind, in this paper, I will examine the function of language as useful tool in the short story “The Nightingale and the Rose” by Oscar Wilde in the light of Halliday’stheoretical framework on transitivity. The aim is to present two views of love via two major characters.Transitivity analysis has been widely used to understand the language of speakers and writers. It examines the structure of sentences which are represented by processes, the participants involved in these processes, and the circumstances in which processes and participants are involved. Using transitivity analysis, researchers have tried to reveal that language structures can produce certain meanings and ideology which are not always explicit for readers. In other words, the task of functional analysis, particularly transitivity analysis, is to discover the relation between meanings and wordings that accounts for the organization of linguistic features in a text.As a pioneer and scholar in transitivity analysis, Halliday’s study of William Golding’s The Inheritors is an influential example. In this analysis, Halliday points out how understanding grammar, especially transitivity, can help interpret the meaning in a literary text. According to Halliday’s theory, patterns of transitivity, including processes, participants, and the circumstances, occur in the clauses and sentences of a text. He claims that “transitivity is the set of options whereby the speaker encodes his experience and transitivity is really the cornerstone of the semantic organization of experience” (p. 81).Theory on TransitivityThe systemic functional linguistics approach to discourse analysis is based on the model of “language as a social semiotic” outlined in the works of Halliday. Language is used functionally, what is said depends on what one needs to accomplish. In Halliday’s theory, language expresses three main kinds of meanings simultaneously: ideational, interpersonal, and textual meanings (1985). Among them, the ideational meaning (the clause as representation) serves for the expression of “content” in language, that is, our experience of the real world, including the experience of our inner world. When we use language we often use it to speak of something or someone doing something. That is why the ideational meaning can be referred to as experiential meaning coming from the clause as representation.The interpersonal meaning helps to establish and maintain social relations; the individual is identified and reinforced in this aspect by enabling him/her to interact with others by expression of their own individuality.The textual meaning creates links between features of the text with elements in the context of situation; it refers to the manner in which a text is organized. In other words, the textual meaning comes from the clause as message. The clause gets its meaning/massage from its thematic structure. Halliday and Matthiesen defines the theme of clause as a “starting point of the message: it is what the clause is going to be about” (1976, p. 64). With that, the theme serves to locate and orientate the clause within the context. The other part of the message that extends and elaborates the theme is the rheme. Therefore, a clause consists of both a theme and a rheme.Halliday also claims that the three types of meanings presented in language are not accidental but are necessarily in place because we need them to perform functions in social life. In constructing experiential meaning, there is one major system of grammatical choice involved: the system of transitivity or process type. I have chosen transitivity because of all the grammatical aspects analysed, it produces the fruitful data on the text. In his An Introduction to Functional Grammar, Halliday identifies transitivity as follows:A fundamental property of language is that it enables human beings to build a mental picture of reality, to make sense of their experience of what goes on around them and inside them. …Our most powerful conception of reality is that it consists of “goings-on”: of doing, happening, feeling, being. These goings-on are sorted out in the semantic system of language, and expressed through the grammar of the clause… This… is the system of transitivity. Transitivity specifies the different types of processes that are recognised in the language and the structures by which they are expressed (1985, p. 101).The theoretical framework of transitivity was established and developed by Halliday. Clauses represent events and processes of various kinds, and transitivity aims to make clear how the action is performed, by whom and on what. Transitivity is an important and powerful semantic concept in Halliday. It is part of the ideational function of language, therefore, an essential tool in the analysis of representation. Implicitly and crucially, different social structures and values require different patterns of transitivity.In other words, transitivity can show how speakers/writers encode in language their mental reflection of the world and how they account for their experience of the world around them. Halliday’s theory that transitivity is measu rable will be used to study the clausal structure which is based on the main verb of the sentence. According to this theory, in transitivity different processes are distinguished, classified and known as Material processes, Relational processes, and Mental processes.Material processes of transitivity are processes of doing, usually physical and tangible actions. Halliday calls them action clauses expressing the fact that something or someone undertakes some action or some entity “does” something – which may be done to some other entity. These processes can be probed by asking what did x do? Two essential participants usually appear in material process are the Actor– the doer of the process – and the Goal– the person or entity affected by the process.Mental processes usually encode mental reactions such as perception, thoughts and feelings. Mental processes give an insight into people’s consciousness and how they sense the experience of the reality. These can be probed by asking what do you think/ feel/know about x? Mental processes have two participants: the Senser – the conscious being who is involved in a Mental process – and the Phenomenon – which is felt, thought, or seen by the conscious Senser.Relational processes construe the relationships of being and having between two participants. There are two different types of Relational processes; one is called Identifying Relational which serves the purpose of defining and the participants involved are Token and Value. Thus the Value serves to define the identity of the Token. The other type of Relational process is the attributive Relational which serves to describe. The participants associatedwith it are the Carrier and the Attribute and we can say that “the x (realized by Carrier) is a member of the class y (realized by Attribute)”.There are also three subsidiary process types that share the characteristic features of each of the three main processes. Between Material and Mental processes lie Behavioural processes that characterize the outer expression of inner working and reflect physiological and psychological behaviours such as breathing, laughing, sneezing…Behavioural processes usually have one participant who is typically a conscious one, called the Behaver. Between Mental and Relational processes are Verbal processes, which represent the art of saying and its synonyms. Usually three participants are involved in Verbal processes: the Sayer is responsible for verbal process; the Receiver is the person at whom the verbal process is directed; and the Verbiage is the nominalised statement of the verbal process.And between Relational and Material processes are Existential processes which prove states of being, existing, and happening. Existential processes typically employ the verb be or its synonyms such as exist, arise, occur. The only participant in this process is Existent which follows the there is /are sequences.There is no priority of one process type over another so Halliday and Matthiessen portray the interrelationship between transitivity processes as a sphere which enables us to construe and portray our experiential meanings of the world, how we perceive what is going on (1976, p. 172). Transitivity processes are also useful in uncovering the participants involved, how the speaker/writer locate himself in relation to the others, and whether they take an active or passive role in the communication.Adaptation of Transitivity Analysis in “The Nightingale and the Rose”The short story, The Nightingale and the Rose was analysed through transitivity on selective text of the short story in order to get a clear idea of frequent and reoccurring processes, participants and circumstances that have been used.Page 1“She [Sayer] said [Pr: Verbal] that she [Actor] would dance [Pr: Material] with me [Circ: Accompaniment] if I [Actor] brought [Pr: Material] her red roses [Recipient] {Verbiage},” cried [Pr: Verbal] the young Student [Sayer]; “but in all my garden [Circ: Location; spatial] there is [Pr: Existential] no red rose [Existent] {Verbiage}.”…“No red rose in all my garden! [Verbiage]” he [Sayer] cried [Pr: Verbal], and his beautiful eyes [Goal] filled [Pr: Material] with tears [Actor]. “Ah, on what little things [Range] does happiness [Actor] depend [Pr: Material]! I [Actor] have read [Pr: Material] all that the wise men have written [Range], and all the secrets of philosophy [Value] are [Pr: Relational; identifying] mine [Token], yet for want of a red rose [Circ: Purpose] is my life [Recipient] made [Pr: Material] wretched.” [Goal]Progressive Academic Publishing, UK Page 81 …His hair [Carrier] is [Pr: Relational; attributive] dark [Attribute] as the hyacinth-blossom [Circ: Manner], and his lips [Carrier] are [Pr: Relational; attributive] red [Attribute] as the rose of his desire [Circ: Manner]; but passion [Actor] has made [Pr: Material] his face [Range] like pale ivory [Circ: Manner], and sorrow [Actor] has set [Pr: Material] her seal [Range] upon his brow [Circ: Location; spatial].”…Pearls and pomegranates [Actor] cannot buy [Pr: Material] it [Range], nor is it [Actor] set forth [Pr: Material] in the market-place [Circ: Location; spatial]. It [Actor] may not be purchased [Pr: Material] of the merchants [Range], nor can it [Actor] be weighed out [Pr: Material] in the balance [Range] for gold [Circ: Purpose].”…She [Actor] will dance [Pr: Material] so lightly [Circ: Manner] that her feet [Actor] will not touch [Pr: Material] the floor [Range], and the courtiers [Actor] in their gay dresses [Range] will throng [Pr: Material]around her [Beneficiary]. But with me [Circ: Accompaniment] she [Actor] will not dance [Pr: Material], for I [Carrier] have [Pr: Relational; attributive] no red rose [Attribute] to give [Pr: Material] her [Recipient]”; and he [Actor] flung [Pr: Material] himself [Goal] down on the grass [Circ: Location; spatial], and buried [Pr: Material] his face [Range] in his hands [Circ: Location; spatial], and wept [Pr: Behavioral].“Why is he weeping? [Verbiage]” asked [Pr: Verbal] a little Green Lizard [Sayer], as he [Actor] ran [Pr: Material] past him [Range] with his tail [Circ: Accompaniment] in the air [Circ: Location; spatial].“Why, indeed?[Verbiage]” said [Pr: Verbal] a Butterfly [Sayer], who [Actor] was fluttering [Pr: Material] about after a sunbeam [Circ: Location; temporal].“Why, indeed? [Verbiage]” whispered [Pr: Verbal] a Daisy [Sayer] to his neighbor [Recipient], in a soft, low voice [Circ: Manner].Page 2“He is weeping for a red rose,” [Verbiage] said [Pr: Verbal] the Nightingale [Sayer].--- He [Behaver] is weeping [Pr: Behavioral] for a red rose [Circ: Purpose], “For a red rose?[Circ: Purpose] they [Sayer] cried [Pr:Verbal]; “how very ridiculous!”[Verbiage] and the little Lizard [Behaver], who [Carrier] was [Pr: Relational; attributive] something of a cynic [Attribute], laughed [Pr: Behavioral] outright [Circ: Manner].But the Nightingale [Senser] understood [Pr: Mental] the secret of the Student’s sorrow [Phenomenon], and she [Actor] sat [Pr: Material] silent [Circ: Manner] in the oak-tree [Circ: Location; spatial], and thought [Pr: Mental] about the mystery of Love [Phenomenon].… “Give me a red rose,” [Verbiage] she [Sayer] cried [Pr: Verbal], “and I [Behaver] will sing [Pr: Behavioral] you [Recipient] my sweetest song [Range].” But the Tree [Actor] shook [Pr: Material] its head [Goal].… “Give me a red rose,” [Verbiage] she [Sayer] cried [Pr: Verbal], “and I [Behaver] will sing [Pr: Behavioral] you [Recipient] my sweetest song [Range].” But the Tree [Actor] shook [Pr: Material] its head [Goal].“My roses [Carrier] are [Pr: Relational; attributive] yellow [Attribute],’ it [Sayer] answered [Pr: Verbal]; “as yellow as the hair of the mer-maiden [Circ: Role] who [Actor] sits [Pr: Material] upon an amber throne [Circ: Location; spatial], and yellower than the daffodil [Range] that [Actor] blooms [Pr: Material] in the meadow [Circ: Location; spatial] before [Circ: Location; temporal] the mower [Actor] comes [Pr: Material] with his scythe [Circ:Accompaniment] {Verbiage}. But go [Pr: Material] to my brother [Range] who [Actor] grows [Pr: Material] beneath the Student’s window [Circ: Location; spatial], and perhaps he [Actor] will give [Pr: Material] you [Receiver] what you want [Range].”… “One red rose is all I want [verbiage],” cried [Pr: Verbal] the Nightingale [Sayer], “only one red rose! Is there [Pr: Existential] no way [Existent] by which I [Actor] can get [Pr: Material] it [Target]?”“There is [Pr: Existential] a way [Existent],” answered [Pr: Verbal] the Tree [Sayer]; “but it [Carrier] is [Pr: Relational; attributive] so terrible [Attribute] that I [Sayer] dare not tell [Pr: verbal] it [Verbiage] to you [Reciever] {Verbiage}.”“Tell it to me [Verbiage],” said [Pr: Verbal] the Nightingale [Sayer], “I [Carrier] am [Pr: Relational; attributive] not afraid [Attribute].”Page 3…“Be hap py, [Verbiage]” cried [Pr: Verbal] the Nightingale [Sayer], “be happy; you shall have yourred rose [Verbiage]. I [Actor] will build [Pr: Material] it [Goal/scope] out of music by moonlight [Circ: Manner], and stain [Pr: Material] it [Goal] with my own hear t’s-blood [Circ: Accompaniment]. All that [Verbiage] I [Sayer] ask [Pr: Verbal] of you [Recipient] in return is that you [Token] will be [Pr: Relational; identifying] a true lover [Value], forLove [Carrier] is [Pr: Relational; attributive] wiser [Attribute]than Philosophy, though she [Carrier] is [Pr: Relational; attributive] wise [Attribute], and mightier [Attribute] than Power [Attribute], though he [Carrier] is [Pr: Relational; attributive] mighty [Attribute]. Flame-coloured [Attribute] are [Pr: Relational; attributive] his wings [Carrier],and coloured [Attribute] like flame [Circ: Manner] is [Circ: Relational; attributive] his body [Carrier]. His lips [Carrier] are [Pr: Relational; attributive] sweet [Attribute] as honey [Circ: Manner],and his breath [Carrier] is [Pr: Relational; attributive] like frankincense [Attribute].” …Page 5And when the Moon [Actor] shone [Pr: Material] in the heavens [Circ: Location; spatial] the Nightingale [Actor] flew [Pr: Material] tothe Rose-tree [Circ: Location; spatial], and set [Pr: Material] her breast [Range]against the thorn [Circ: Location; spatial]. All night long [Circ: Location; temporal] she [Behaver] sang [Pr: Behavioral] with her breast [Circ: Accompaniment] against the thorn [Range], and the cold, crystalMoon [Actor] leaned [Pr: Material] down [Circ: Location; spatial] and listened [Pr: Behavioral]. All night long [Circ: Location; temporal] she [Behaver] sang [Pr: Behavioral], and thethorn [Actor] went [Pr: Material] deeper and deeper [Circ: Manner] into her breast [Circ: Location; spatial], and her lifeblood [Actor] ebbed [Pr: Material] away from her [Range].…But the Tree [Sayer] cried [Pr: verbal] to the Nightingale [Recipient]to press closer against the thorn [Verbiage]. “Press closer, little Nightingale, [Verbiage]” cried [Pr:Verbal] the Tree [Sayer], “or the Day [Actor] will come [Pr: Material] before [Circ: Location; temporal] the rose [Actor] is finished [Pr: Material] {Verbiage}.”So the Nightingale [Actor] pressed [Pr: Material] closer [Circ: Manner] against the thorn [Circ: Location; spatial], and louder and louder [Circ: Manner] grew [Pr: Material] her song [Actor], forshe [Behaver] sang [Pr: Behavioral] of the birth of passion [Range] in the soul of a man and a maid [Circ: Location; spatial].And a delicate flush of pink [Actor] came [Pr: Material] into the leaves [Circ: Location; spatial] of the rose [Range], likethe flush [Circ: Manner] in the face of the bridegroom [Circ: Location; spatial] when he [Actor] kisses [Pr: Material] the lips [Range] ofthe bride[Recipient]. But the thorn [Actor] had not yet reached [Pr: Material] her heart [Range], so the rose’sheart [Actor] remained [Pr: Material] white [Range], for only a Nightingale’s heart’s-blood [Actor] cancrimson [Pr: Material] the heart of a rose [Range].And the marvelous rose [Actor] became [Pr: Material] crimson [Range], like the rose of theeastern sky [Circ: Role/Manner].Crimson [Carrier] was [Pr: Relational; attributive] the girdle of petals [Attribute], and crimson [Carrier] as a ruby [Circ: Manner] was [Pr: Relational; attributive] theheart [Attribute].Page 6But the Nightingale’s voice [Actor] grew [Pr: Material] fainter [Range], and her little wings [Actor] began [Pr: Material] to beat [Range], and a film [Actor] came [Pr: Material] over her eyes [Circ: Location; spatial]. Fainter and fainter [Circ: Manner] grew [Pr: Material] her song [Actor], and she [Senser] felt [Pr: Mental] something choking her in her throat [Circ: Location; spatial] {Phenomenon}.…“Look, look! [Verbiage]” crie d [Pr: Verbal] the Tree [Sayer], “the rose [Carrier] is [Pr: Relational; attributive] finished [Attribute] now” [Verbiage]; but the Nightingale [Actor] made [Pr: Material] no answer [Range], for she [Actor] was lying [Pr: Material] dead [Range] in the long grass [Circ: Location; spatial], with the thorn [Circ: Accompaniment] in her heart [Circ: Location; spatial].…The daughter of the Professor [Actor] was sitting [Pr: Material] in the doorway [Circ: Location; spatial] winding [Pr: Material] blue silk [Range] on a reel [Circ: Location; spatial], and her little dog [Actor] was lying [Pr: Material] at her feet [Circ: Location; spatial].“You [Sayer] said [Pr: Verbal] that you [Actor] would dance [Pr: Material] with me [Circ: Accompaniment] if I [Actor] brought [Pr: Material] you [Recipient] a red rose [Range] {Verbiage},” cried [Pr: Verbal] the Student [Sayer]. “Here is [Pr: Existential] the reddest rose [Existent] in all the world [Circ: Location; spatial]. You [Actor] will wear [Pr: Material] it [range] to-night [Circ: Location; temporal] next your heart [Circ: Location; spatial], and as we [Actor] dance [Pr: Material] together [Range] it [Sayer]will tell [Pr: Verbal] you [Recipient] how I love you [Verbiage].”But the girl [Actor] frowned [Pr: Material]…So he [Actor] returned [Pr: Material] to his room [Circ: Location; spatial] and pulled [Pr: Material] out a great dusty book [Range], and began [Pr: Material] to read [Range]. FINDINGSThe transitivity analysis of this short story reveals three major processes that continually reappear throughout the text. The most frequently used processes are material, verbal and then relational. This reveals a more physical nature of actions as compared to psychological revelations and conscious unravelling. The most occurring material processes entail the recurrent pattern of actions that the actors undergo and carry out. Furthermore the verbal processes represent the oral interaction and dialogue that is conducted between the sayer and recipient. When the actor undergoes an action through material processes and also reveals hisstate through verbal processes.Finally the relational actions create links between the actions as well as the actors along with certain attributes that are associated with them.The comparative lack of mental and existential processes suggests that there is less psychological involvement in the short story. There is not much concern with the internal condition or insight of the characters. There assumptions made by the readers may thus be more objective in nature by formulating their own opinion based on the actions portrayed through material, verbal and relational processes. The few mental and existential processes form a vague outline leaving sufficient space for the reader to interpret on their own without being completely oblivious. The reader is aware of the actions and is also acquainted with the situation of the characters.CONCLUSIONThe main aim of transitivity is to connect the semantic and grammatical dots to extract the meaning through language stylistically. The transitivity analysis of Wilde’s short story The Nightingale and The Rose show how the actions are performed through the use of material processes. We get a clearer idea from the verbal processes that describe the actions as well as revealing the situation and conditions. Furthermore this impact is strengthened by the relational processes. The physical actions are highlighted through these processes with give an outer view of the world portrayed in the story. Thi s ensures the success of Oscar Wilde’s signature approach of Aestheticism and Art for Art’s sake. In this way, the reader indulges in the mystery of imagination in order to explore the art of the writer revealed through his writing.REFERENCESBloor, E. (2004). Story time. Orlando: Harcourt.Fairclough, A. (2001). Better day coming: Blacks and equality, 1890-2000. New York: Viking.Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. London: Longman.Halliday, M. A. (1985). An introduction to functional grammar. London: E. Arnold. Stockwell, D., Powers, S., Carter, L., & PMB 421. (1971). Dean Stockwell: 2 full-length feature films. Solana beach, CA: PMB 421.Wilde, O., & Petrilli, D. (2007). The happy prince: And the nightingale and the rose. West Sussex: Helbling Languages.Wood, L. A., & Kroger, R. O. (2000). Doing discourse analysis: Methods for studying action in talk and text. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.。
The Nightngale and the Rose 夜莺与玫瑰 原文及译文教学内容
T h e N i g h t n g a l e a n d t h e R o s e夜莺与玫瑰原文及译文The Nightingale and the RoseOscar Wilde 1 "She said that she would dance with me if I brought her red roses," cried the young Student; "but in all my garden there is no red rose."2 From her nest in the holm-oak tree the Nightingale heard him, and she looked out through the leaves, and wondered.3 "No red rose in all my garden!" he cried, and his beautifuleyes filled with tears. "Ah, on what little things does happinessdepend! I have read all that the wise men have written, and allthe secrets of philosophy are mine, yet for want of a red rose ismy life made wretched."4 "Here at last is a true lover," said the Nightingale. "Nightafter night have I sung of him, though I knew him not: nightafter night have I told his story to the stars, and now I see him.His hair is dark as the hyacinth-blossom, and his lips are red asthe rose of his desire; but passion has made his face like paleivory, and sorrow has set her seal upon his brow."5 "The Prince gives a ball tomorrow night," murmured the young Student, "and my love will be of the company. If I bring her a red rose she will dance with me till dawn. If I bring her a red rose, I shall hold her in my arms, and she will lean her head upon my shoulder, and her hand will be clasped in mine. But there is no red rose in my garden, so I shall sit lonely, and she will pass me by. She will have no heed of me,and my heart will break."6 "Here indeed is the true lover," said the Nightingale. "What I sing of, he suffers - what is joy to me, to him is pain. Surely Love is a wonderful thing. It is more precious than emeralds, and dearer than fine opals. Pearls and pomegranates cannot buy it, nor is it set forth in the marketplace. It may not be purchased of the merchants, nor can it be weighed out in the balance for gold."7 "The musicians will sit in their gallery," said the young Student, "and play upon their stringed instruments, and my love will dance to the sound of the harp and the violin. She will dance so lightly that her feet will not touch the floor, and the courtiers in their gay dresses will throng round her. But with me she will not dance, for I have no red rose to give her"; and he flung himself down on the grass, and buried his facein his hands, and wept.8 "Why is he weeping?" asked a little Green Lizard, as he ran past him with his tail in the air.9 "Why, indeed?" said a Butterfly, who was fluttering about after a sunbeam.10 "Why, indeed?" whispered a Daisy to his neighbour, in a soft, low voice.11 "He is weeping for a red rose," said the Nightingale.12 "For a red rose?" they cried; "how very ridiculous!" and the little Lizard, who was something of a cynic, laughed outright.13 But the Nightingale understood the secret of the Student's sorrow, and she sat silent in the oak-tree, and thought about the mystery of Love.14 Suddenly she spread her brown wings for flight, and soared into the air. She passed through the grove like a shadow, and like a shadow she sailed across the garden.15 In the centre of the grass-plot was standing a beautiful Rose-tree, and when she saw it she flew over to it, and lit upon a spray.16 "Give me a red rose," she cried, "and I will sing you my sweetest song."17 But the Tree shook its head.18 "My roses are white," it answered; "as white as the foam of the sea, and whiter than the snow upon the mountain. But go to my brother who grows round the old sun-dial, and perhaps he will give you what you want."19 So the Nightingale flew over to the Rose-tree that was growing round the old sun-dial.20 "Give me a red rose," she cried, "and I will sing you my sweetest song."21 But the Tree shook its head.22 "My roses are yellow," it answered; "as yellow as the hair of the mermaiden who sits upon an amber throne, and yellower than the daffodil that blooms in the meadow before the mower comes with his scythe. But go to my brother who grows beneath the Student's window, and perhaps he will give you what you want."23 So the Nightingale flew over to the Rose-tree that was growing beneath the Student's window.24 "Give me a red rose," she cried, "and I will sing you my sweetest song."25 But the Tree shook its head.26 "My roses are red," it answered, "as red as the feet of the dove, and redder than the great fans of coral that wave and wave in the ocean-cavern. But the winter has chilled my veins, and the frost has nipped my buds, and the storm has broken my branches, and I shall have no roses at all this year."27 "One red rose is all I want," cried the Nightingale, "only one red rose! Is there no way by which I can get it?"28 "There is a way," answered the Tree; "but it is so terrible that I dare not tell it to you."29 "Tell it to me," said the Nightingale, "I am not afraid."30 "If you want a red rose," said the Tree, "you must build it out of music by moonlight, and stain it with your own heart's-blood. You must sing to me with your breast against a thorn. All night long you must sing to me, and the thorn must pierce your heart, and your life-blood must flow into my veins, and become mine."31 "Death is a great price to pay for a red rose," cried the Nightingale, "and Life is very dear to all. It is pleasant to sit in the green wood, and to watch the Sun in his chariot of gold, and the Moon in her chariot of pearl. Sweet is the scent of the hawthorn, and sweet are the bluebells that hide in the valley, and the heather thatblows on the hill. Yet Love is better than Life, and what is the heart of a bird compared to the heart of a man?"32 So she spread her brown wings for flight, and soared into the air. She swept over the garden like a shadow, and like a shadow she sailed through the grove.33 The young Student was still lying on the grass, where she had left him, and the tears were not yet dry in his beautiful eyes.34 "Be happy," cried the Nightingale, "be happy; you shall have your red rose. I will build it out of music by moonlight, and stain it with my own heart's-blood. All that I ask of you in return is that you will be a true lover, for Love is wiser than Philosophy, though she is wise, and mightier than Power, though he is mighty. Flame-coloured are his wings, and coloured like flame is his body. His lips are sweet as honey, and his breath is like frankincense."35 The Student looked up from the grass, and listened, but he could not understand what the Nightingale was saying to him, for he only knew the things that are written down in books.36 But the Oak-tree understood, and felt sad, for he was very fond of the little Nightingale who had built her nest in his branches.37 "Sing me one last song," he whispered; "I shall feel very lonely when you are gone."38 So the Nightingale sang to the Oak-tree, and her voice was like water bubbling from a silver jar.39 When she had finished her song the Student got up, and pulled a note-book and a lead-pencil out of his pocket.40 "She has form," he said to himself, as he walked away through the grove - "that cannot be denied to her; but has she got feeling? I am afraid not. In fact, she is like most artists; she is all style, without any sincerity. She would not sacrifice herself for others. She thinks merely of music, and everybody knows that the arts are selfish. Still, it must be admitted that she has some beautiful notes in her voice. What a pity it is that they do not mean anything, or do any practical good." And he went into his room, and lay down on his little pallet-bed, and began to think of his love; and, after a time, he fell asleep.41 And when the Moon shone in the heavens the Nightingale flew to the Rose-tree, and set her breast against the thorn. All night long she sang with her breast against the thorn, and the cold crystal Moon leaned down and listened. All night long she sang, and the thorn went deeper and deeper into her breast, and her life-blood ebbed away from her.42 She sang first of the birth of love in the heart of a boy and a girl. And on the top-most spray of the Rose-tree there blossomed a marvellous rose, petal following petal, as song followed song. Pale was it, at first, as the mist that hangs over the river - pale as the feet of the morning, and silver as the wings of the dawn. As the shadow of a rose in a mirror of silver, as the shadow of a rose in a water-pool, so was the rose thatblossomed on the top-most spray of the Tree.43 But the Tree cried to the Nightingale topress closer against the thorn. "Press closer,little Nightingale," cried the Tree, "or the Day will come before the rose is finished."44 So the Nightingale pressed closer against the thorn, and louder and louder grew her song, for she sang of the birth of passion in the soul of a man and a maid.45 And a delicate flush of pink came into the leaves of the rose, like the flush in the face of the bridegroom when he kisses the lips of the bride. But the thorn had not yet reached her heart, so the rose's heart remained white, for only a Nightingale's heart's-blood can crimson the heart of a rose.46 And the Tree cried to the Nightingale to press closer against the thorn. "Press closer, little Nightingale," cried the Tree, "or the Day will come before the rose is finished."47 So the Nightingale pressed closer against the thorn, and the thorn touched her heart, and a fierce pang of pain shot through her. Bitter, bitter was the pain, and wilder and wilder grew her song, for she sang of the Love that is perfected by Death, of the Love that dies not in the tomb.48 And the marvellous rose became crimson, like the rose of the eastern sky. Crimson was the girdle of petals, and crimson as a ruby was the heart.49 But the Nightingale's voice grew fainter, and her little wings began to beat, and a film came over her eyes. Fainter and fainter grew her song, and she felt something choking her in her throat.50 Then she gave one last burst of music. The white Moon heard it, and she forgot the dawn, and lingered on in the sky. The red rose heard it, and it trembled all over with ecstasy, and opened its petals to the cold morning air. Echo bore it to her purple cavern in the hills, and woke the sleeping shepherds from their dreams. It floated through the reeds of the river, and they carried its message to the sea.51 "Look, look!" cried the Tree, "the rose is finished now"; but the Nightingale made no answer, for she was lying dead in the long grass, with the thorn in her heart.52 And at noon the Student opened his window and looked out.53 "Why, what a wonderful piece of luck!" he cried; "here is a red rose! I have never seen any rose like it in all my life. It is so beautiful that I am sure it has a long Latin name"; and he leaned down and plucked it.54 Then he put on his hat, and ran up to the Professor's house with the rose in his hand.55 The daughter of the Professor was sitting in the doorway winding blue silk on a reel, and her little dog was lying at her feet.56 "You said that you would dance with me if I brought you a red rose," cried the Student. "Here is the reddest rose in all the world. You will wear it tonight next your heart, and as we dance together it will tell you how I love you."57 But the girl frowned.58 "I am afraid it will not go with my dress," she answered; "and, besides, the Chamberlain's nephew has sent me some real jewels, and everybody knows that jewels cost far more than flowers."59 "Well, upon my word, you are very ungrateful," said the Student angrily; and he threw the rose into the street, where it fell into the gutter, and a cart-wheel went over it.60 "Ungrateful!" said the girl. "I tell you what, you are very rude; and, after all, who are you? Only a Student. Why, I don't believe you have even got silver buckles to your shoes as the Chamberlain's nephew has"; and she got up from her chair and went into the house.61 "What a silly thing Love is," said the Student as he walked away. "It is not half as useful as Logic, for it does not prove anything, and it is always telling one of things that are not going to happen, and making one believe things that are not true. In fact, it is quite unpractical, and, as in this age to be practical is everything, I shall go back to Philosophy and study Metaphysics."62 So he returned to his room and pulled out a great dusty book, and began to read.夜莺与玫瑰奥斯卡·王尔德著，俊译“她说过，只要我送她红玫瑰，她便会当我的舞伴。
大学英语课程课件 lesson4_text appreciation
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For Reference
Lesson 4—The Nightingale and the Rose
I.
Text Analysis
Question: What are the symbolic meanings of "Red rose", "Lizard", "Butterfly" and "Nightingale"?
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Fairy tale
Question: What genre can this story be Optimism
Fairy tales conclude with the cliché typical of most fairy tales, 'They all lived happily ever after,' implying better living circumstances for all.
Comparativ e Study of Quotes on Love
"Better to have loved and lost, One should always be in than to have never loved at love. That is the reason one all." should never marry. —St. Augustine —Oscar Wilde "There is no remedy for love To love oneself is the beginning of but to love more." a life-long romance. —Thoreau —Oscar Wilde A man can be happy with any "To love and win is the best woman as long as he does not thing. To love and lose, the love her. —Oscar Wilde next best." —William M. Thackeray Young men want to be faithful and are not; old men want to be "As the ocean is never full of faithless and cannot. water, so is the heart never —Oscar Wilde —Anonymous full of love." W B T L E
高中英语选修课英语文学欣赏夜莺与玫瑰教学课件
The Nighti ngale And The RoseOscarWilde"She said that she woulddancewith me if I brough t her red roses," criedthe youngStuden t, "but in all my garden thereis no red rose."From her nest in the oak tree（栎树） the Nighti ngale heardhim, and she looked out throug h the leaves and wonder ed."No red rose in all my garden!" he cried,and his beauti ful eyes filled with tears. "Ah, on what little things does happin ess depend! I have read all that the wise men have writte n, and all the secret s of philos ophyare mine, yet for want of a red rose is my life made wretch ed."（不幸的、悲惨的）"Here at last is a true lover," said the Nighti ngale. "Nightafternighthave I sung of him, though I knew him not: nightafternighthave I told his storyto the starsand now I see him. His hair is dark as the hyacin th(风信子)-- blosso m, and his lips are red as the rose of his desire; but passio n has made his face like pale ivory, and sorrow has set her seal upon his brow.""The Prince givesa ball to-morrow night," murmur ed the youngstuden t, "and my love will be of the compan y. If I bringher a red rose she will dancewith me till dawn. If I bringher a red rose, I should hold her in my arms, and she will lean her head upon my should er, and her hand will be claspe d in mine. But thereis no red rose in my garden, so I shallsit lonely, and she will pass me by. She will have no heed of me, and my heartwill break.""Here, indeed, is the true lover," said the Nighti ngale. "What I sing of, he suffer s: what is joy to me, to him is pain. Surely love is a wonder ful thing. It is more precio us than emeral ds（绿宝石）, and dearer than fine opals（猫眼石） . Pearls and pomegr anate s（石榴石） cannot buy it, nor is it set forthin the market-place. It may not be purcha sed of the mercha nts, nor can it be weighe d out in the balanc e for gold.""The musici ans will sit in theirgaller y," said the youngStuden t, "and play upon theirstring ed instru ments, and my love will danceto the soundof the harp and the violin. She will danceso lightl y that her feet will not touchthe floor, and the courti ers in theirgay dresse s will throng roundher. But with me she will not dance, for I have no red rose to give her:" and he flunghimsel f down on the grass, and buried his face in his hands, and wept."Why is he weepin g?" askeda little GreenLizard, as he ran past him with his tail in the air."Why, indeed?" said a Butter fly, who was flutte ringaboutaftera sunbea m."Why, indeed?" whispe red a Daisyto his neighb our, in a soft, low voice."He is weepin g for a red rose," said the Nighti ngale."For a red rose?" they cried: "how very ridicu lous!" and the little Lizard, who was someth ing of a cynic, laughe d outrig ht.But the Nighti ngale unders toodthe secret of the Studen t’ssorrow, and she sat silent in the oak-tree, and though t aboutthe myster y of Love.Sudden ly she spread her brownwingsfor flight, and soared into the air. She passed throug h the grovelike a shadow and like a shadow she sailed across the garden.In the center of the grass-plot was standi ng a beauti ful Rose-tree, and when she saw it she flew over to it, and lit upon a spray."Give me a red rose," she cried, "and I will sing you my sweete st song."But the Tree shookits head."My rosesare white," it answer ed; "as whiteas the foam of the sea, and whiter than the snow upon the mounta in. But go to my brothe r who growsroundthe old sun-dial（日规） , and perhap s he will give you what you want."So the Nighti ngale flew over to the Rose-tree that was growin g roundthe old sun-dial."Give me a red rose," she cried, "and I will sing you my sweete st song."But the Tree shookits head."My rosesare yellow," it answer ed; "as yellow as the hair of the mermai den（美人鱼） who sits upon an amberthrone, and yellow er than the daffod il that blooms in the meadow（割草机）before the mowercomeswith his scythe. But go to my brothe r who growsbeneat h the Studen t’swindow, and perhap s he will give you what you want."So the Nighti ngale flew over to the Rose-tree that was growin g beneat h the Studen t’swindow."Give me a red rose," she cried, "and I will sing you my sweete st song."But the Tree shookits head."My rosesare red," it answer ed, "as red as the feet of the dove, and redder than the greatfans of coralthat wave and wave in the ocean-cavern. But the winter has chille d my veins, and the frosthas nipped my buds, and the stormhas broken my branch es, and I shallhave no rosesat all this year.""One red rose is all I want," criedthe Nighti ngale, "only one red rose! Is thereno way by whichI can get it?""Thereis a way," answer ed the Tree; "but it is so terrib le that I dare not tell it to you.""Tell it to me," said the Nighti ngale, "I am not afraid.""If you want a red rose," said the Tree, "you must buildit out of musicby moonli ght, and stain（染色） it with your own heart’sblood. You must sing to me with your breast agains t a thorn. All nightlong you must sing to me, and the thornmust pierce（刺穿）your heart,and your life-bloodmust flow into my veins（静脉）, and become mine.""Deathis a greatpriceto pay for a red rose," criedthe Nighti ngale, "and Life is very dear to all. It is pleasa nt to sit in the greenwood, and to watchthe Sun in his chario t of gold, and the Moon in her chario t of pearl. Sweetis the scentof the hawtho rn, and sweetare the bluebe lls that hide in the valley, and the heathe r that blowson the hill. Yet love is better than Life, and what is the heartof a bird compar ed to the heartof a man?"So she spread her brownwingsfor flight, and soared into the air. She sweptover the garden like a shadow, and like a shadow she sailed throug h the grove.The youngStuden t was stilllyingon the grass, whereshe had left him, and the tearswere not yet dry in his beauti ful eyes."Be happy," criedthe Nighti ngale, "be happy; you shallhave your red rose. I will buildit out of musicby moonli ght, and stainit with my own heart’sblood. All that I ask of you in return is that you will be a true lover, for Love is wiserthan Philos ophy, though he is wise, and mighti er than Power,though he is mighty. Flame-colour ed are his wings,and colour ed like flameis his body. His lips are sweetas honey, and his breath is like franki ncens e."The Studen t looked up from the grass, and listen ed, but he couldnot unders tandwhat the Nighti ngale was saying to him, for he only knew the things that are writte n down in books.But the Oak-tree unders tood, and felt sad, for he was very fond of the little Nighti ngale, who had builther nest in his branch es."Sing me one last song," he whispe red; "I shallfeel lonely when you are gone."So the Nighti ngale sang to the Oak-tree, and her voicewas like waterbubbli ng from a silver jar.When she had finish ed her song, the Studen t got up, and pulled a note-book and a lead-pencil out of his pocket."She has form," he said to himsel f, as he walked away throug h the grove—"that cannot be denied to her; but has she got feelin g? I am afraid not. In fact, she is like most artist s; she is all stylewithou t any sincer ity. She wouldnot sacrif ice hersel f for others. She thinks merely of music, and everyb ody knowsthat the arts are selfis h. Still, it must be admitt ed that she has some beauti ful notesin her voice. What a pity it is that they do not mean anythi ng, or do any practi cal good!" And he went into his room, and lay down on his little pallet-bed, and beganto thinkof his love; and, aftera time, he fell asleep.And when the moon shonein the heaven s the Nighti ngale flew to the Rose-tree, and set her breast agains t the thorn. All nightlong she sang, with her breast agains t the thorn, and the cold crysta l Moon leaned down and listen ed. All nightlong she sang, and the thornwent deeper and deeper into her breast, and her life-bloodebbedaway（逐渐消失）from her.She sang firstof the birthof love in the heartof a boy and a girl. And on the topmos t sprayof the Rose-tree thereblosso med a marvel ous rose, petalfollow ing petal, as song follow ed song. Pale was it, at first, as the mist that hangsover the river—pale as the feet of the mornin g, and silver as the wingsof the dawn. As the shadow of a rose in a mirror of silver, as the shadow of a rose in a water-pool, so was the rose that blosso med on the topmos t sprayof the Tree.But the Tree criedto the Nighti ngale to presscloser agains t the thorn. "Presscloser, little Nighti ngale," criedthe Tree, "or the Day will come before the rose is finish ed."So the Nighti ngale presse d closer agains t the thorn, and louder and louder grew her song, for she sang of the birthof passio n in the soul of a man and a maid.And a delica te flushof pink came into the leaves of the rose, like the flushin the face of the brideg roomwhen he kisses the lips of the bride. But the thornhad not yet reache d her heart, so the rose’sheartremain ed white, for only a Nighti ngale’sheart’sbloodcan crimso n the heartof a rose.And the Tree criedto the Nighti ngale to presscloser agains t the thorn. "Presscloser, little Nighti ngale," criedthe Tree, "or the Day will come before the rose is finish ed."So the Nighti ngale presse d closer agains t the thorn,and the thorntouche d her heart,and a fierce pang of pain shot throug h her. Bitter, bitter was the pain, and wilder and wilder grew her song, for she sang of the Love that is perfec ted by Death, of the Love that dies not in the tomb.And the marvel ous rose became crimso n , like the rose of the easter n sky. Crimso n was the girdle of petals, and crimso n as a ruby was the heart.But the Nighti ngale’voicegrew fainte r（虚弱的）, and her little wingsbeganto beat, and a film came over her eyes. Fainte r and fainte r grew her song, and she felt someth ing chokin g her in her throat.Then she gave one last burstof music. The whiteMoon heardit, and she forgot the dawn, and linger ed on（停留在…） in the sky. The red rose heardit, and it trembl ed all over with ecstas y （狂喜）, and opened its petals to the cold mornin g air. Echo bore it to her purple cavern in the hills, and woke the sleepi ng shephe rds from theirdreams. It floate d throug h the reedsof the river, and they carrie d its messag e to the sea."Look, look!" criedthe Tree, "the rose is finish ed now;" but the Nighti ngale made no answer, for she was lyingdead in the long grass, with the thornin her heart.And at noon the Studen t opened his window and looked out."Why, what a wonder ful pieceof luck!" He cried; "here is a red rose! I have neverseen any rose like it in all my life. It is so beauti ful that I am sure it has a long Latinname;" and he leaned down and plucke d it.Then he put on his hat, and ran up to the Profes sor’shousewith the rose in his hand.The daught er of the Profes sor was sittin g in the doorwa y windin g blue silk on a reel, and her little dog was lyingat her feet."You said that you woulddancewith me if I brough t you a red rose," criedthe Studen t. "Here is the reddes t rose in all the world.You will wear it to-nightnext your heart,and as we dancetogeth er it will tell you how I love you."But he girl frowne d（皱眉）."I am afraid it will not go with my dress," she answer ed; "and, beside s, the Chambe rlain’snephew had sent me some real jewels, and everyb ody knowsthat jewels cost far more than flower s.""Well, upon my word, you are very ungrat eful," said the Studen t angril y; and he threwthe rose onto he street, whereit fell into the gutter（排水沟）, and a cartwh eel went over it."Ungrat eful!" said the girl. "I tell you what, you are very rude; and, afterall, who are you? Only a Studen t. Why, I dont believ e you have even got silver buckle s to your shoesas the Chambe rlain’snephew has;" and she got up from her chairand went into the house."What a sillythingLove is!" said the Studen t as he walked away. "It is not half as useful as Logic, for it does not proveanythi ng, and it is always tellin g one of things that are not goingto happen, and making one believ e things that are not true. In fact, it is quiteunprac tical, and, as in this age to be practi cal is everyt hing, I shallgo back to Philos ophyand studyMetaph ysics ."So he return ed to his room and pulled out a greatdustybook, and beganto read.The Selfis h Giantby OscarWildeEveryaftern oon, as they were coming from school, the childr en used to go and play in the giant's garden.It was a largelovely garden, with soft greengrass. Here and therewere twelve peach-treesthat in the spring-time brokeout into delica te blosso ms of pink and pearl, and in the autumn bore rich fruit. The birdssat on the treesand sang so sweetl y that the childr en used to stop theirgamesin orderto listen to them. "How happywe are!" they criedto each other.One day the giantcame back. He had been to visithis friend the Cornis h ogre, and had stayed with him for sevenyears. Afterthe sevenyearswere over he had said all that he had to say, for his conver satio n was limite d, and he determ inedto return to his own castle. When he arrive d he saw the childr en playin g in the garden."What are you doinghere?" he criedin a very gruffvoice, and the childr en ran away."My own garden is my own garden," said the giant; "any one can unders tandthat, and I will allownobody to play in it but myself." So he builta high wall around it, and put up a notice-board"Trespa ssers will be prosec uted."He was a very selfis h giant.The poor childr en had now nowher e to play. They triedto play on the road, but the road was very dustyand full of hard stones, and they did not like it. They used to wander roundthe high wallswhen theirlesson s were over, and talk aboutthe beauti ful garden inside. "How happywe were there!" they said to each other.Then the spring came, and all over the countr y therewere little blosso ms and little birds. Only in the garden of the selfis h giantit was stillwinter. The birdsdid not care to sing in it as therewere no childr en, and the treesforgot to blosso m. Once a beauti ful little flower put its head out from the grass, but when it saw that notice-boardit was so sorryfor the childr en that it slippe d back into the ground again,and went off to sleep. The only people who were please d were the snow and the frost. "Spring has forgot ten this garden," they cried, "so we will live here all the year round." The snow covere d up the grasswith her greatwhitecloak,and the frostpainte d all the treessilver. Then they invite d the northwind to stay with them, and he came. He was wrappe d in furs, and he roared all day aboutthe garden, and blew the chimne y-pots down. "This is a deligh tfulspot," he said, "we must ask the hail to visit." So the hail came. Everyday for threehourshe rattle d on the roof of the castle till he brokemost of the slates, and then he ran roundand roundthe garden as fast as he couldgo. He was dresse d in gray, and his breath was like ice."I cannot unders tandwhy the spring is so late in coming," said the selfis h giant, as he sat at the window and looked out at his cold, whitegarden; "I hope therewill be a change in the weathe r."But spring nevercame, nor the summer. The autumn gave golden fruitto everygarden, but to the giant's garden she gave none. "He is too selfis h," she said. So it was always winter there, and the northwind and the hail and the frostand the snow danced aboutthroug h the trees.One mornin g the giantwas lyingawakein bed when he heardsome lovely music. It sounde d so sweetto his ears that he though t it must be the king's musici ans passin g by. It was really only a little linnet singin g outsid e his window, but it was so long sincehe had hearda bird sing in hisgarden that it seemed to him to be the most beauti ful musicin the world. Then the hail stoppe d dancin g over his head, and the northwind ceased roarin g and a delici ous perfum e came to him throug h the open caseme nt. "I believ e spring has come at last," said the giant; and he jumped out of bed and looked out.What did he see?He saw a most wonder ful sight. Throug h a little hole in the wall the childr en had creptin, and they were sittin g in the branch es of the trees. In everytree that he couldsee therewas a little child. And the treeswere so glad to have the childr en back againthat they had covere d themse lveswith blosso ms, and were waving theirarms gently abovethe childr en's heads. The birdswere flying aboutand twitte ringwith deligh t, and the flower s were lookin g up throug h the greengrassand laughi ng. It was a lovely scene, only in one corner it was stillwinter. It was the farthe st corner of the garden, and in it was standi ng a little boy. He was so smallthat he couldnot reachup to the branch es of the tree, and he was wander ing all roundit, crying bitter ly. The poor tree was stillcovere d with frostand snow, and the northwind was blowin g and roarin g aboveit. "Climbup! little boy," said the tree, and it bent its branch es down as low as it could; but the boy was too tiny.And the giant's heartmelted as he looked out. "How selfis h I have been!" he said; "now I know why spring wouldnot come here. I will put that poor little boy on the top of the tree, and then I will knockdown the wall, and my garden shallbe the childr en's playgr oundfor ever and ever." He was really very sorryfor what he had done.So he creptdownst airsand opened the frontdoor quitesoftly, and went out into the garden. But when the childr en saw him they were so fright enedthat they all ran away, and the garden became winter again. Only the little boy did not run for his eyes were so full of tearsthat he did not see the giantcoming. And the giantstoleup behind him and took him gently in his hand, and put him up into the tree. And the tree brokeout at once into blosso m, and the birdscame and sang on it, and the little boy stretc hed out his two arms and flungthem around the giant's neck, and kissed him. And the otherchildr en, when they saw that the giantwas not wicked any longer, came runnin g back, and with them came the spring. "It is your garden now, little childr en," said the giant, and he took a greataxe and knocke d down the wall. And when the people were goingto the market at twelve o'clockthey foundthe giantplayin g with the childr en in the most beauti ful garden they had ever seen.All day long they played, and in the evenin g they came to the giantto say good-bye."But whereis your little compan ion?" he said: "the boy I put into the tree." The giantlovedhim the best becaus e he had kissed him, and had not been afraid."We don't know," answer ed the childr en; "he has gone away.""You must tell him to be sure to come tomorr ow," said the giant. But the childr en said that they did not know wherehe lived, and had neverseen him before; and the giantfelt very sad.Everyaftern oon, when school was over, the childr en came and played with the giant. But the little boy whom the giantlovedwas neverseen again. The giantwas very kind to all the childr en, yet he longed for his firstlittle friend. "How I wouldlike to see him!" he used to say.Yearswent by, and the giantgrew very old and feeble. He couldnot play aboutany more, so he sat in a huge arm chairand watche d the childr en at theirgames, and admire d his garden. "I have many beauti ful flower s," he said, "but the childr en are the most beauti ful of all."One winter mornin g he looked out of his window as he was dressi ng. He did not hate the winter now, for he knew that it was merely the spring asleep, and that the flower s were restin g.Sudden ly he rubbed his eyes in wonder and looked and looked. In the farthe st corner of the garden was a tree quitecovere d with lovely whiteblosso ms. Its branch es were golden, and silver fruithung down from them, and undern eathit stoodthe little boy he had loved.Downst airsran the giantin greatjoy, and out into the garden. He hasten ed across the grass, and came near to the child. And said, "Who has daredto woundyou?" For on the palmsof the child's handswere the prints of two nails, and the prints of two nailswere on the little feet."Who has daredto woundyou?" criedthe giant; tell me, that I may take my big swordand kill him."No," answer ed the child; "for theseare the wounds of love.""Who are you?" said the giant, and a strang e awe fell on him, and he kneltbefore the little child.And the childsmiled on the giant, and said to him, "You let me play once in your garden, todayyou shallcome with me to my garden, whichis paradi se."And when the childr en ran in that aftern oon, they foundthe giantlyingdead underthe tree, all covere d with whiteblosse ms.。
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谢谢观赏
Aestheticism (唯美主义) was a cultural phenomenon, which began to prevail in Europe at the middle of the 19th century, when the theory of “art for art’s sake” was first put forward, declaring that art should serve no religious, moral or social purpose, nor any purpose except itself. Actually it was a kind of escapism in essence. “Art for art’s sake” is only the hopeless answer of the artist to the slogan “art for money’s sake”--- hopeless because ivory never was a good material for fortifications(要塞). Thus, aestheticism was regarded fin-de-siele sentiment(世纪末的感伤)
高中英语选修课：英语文学欣赏-TheNightingal-and-The-Rose夜莺与玫瑰-教学课
件
Oscar Wilde (1856-1900)
Born in Dublin, Oscar Wilde is an Irish poet, dramatist, novelist and essayist, was educated at Oxford, where he was greatly influenced by his teacher Walter Pater. Both of them are considered the most important representatives of aestheticists(唯美主义者) in English literature.
Nightingale --- a truthful, devoted pursuer of love, who dares to sacrifice his own precious life
Do you think the Student is a true lover?
No. he is not a true lover, because he is ignorant of love, not persistent in pursuing love.
Oscar Wilde’s literary output shows the versatility of his inventive powers as well as the complexity of his social and artistic ideas.
From the eighties to the nineties, Wilde wrote and published all his major works, which include two collections of fairy stories:
Red rose --- true love, which needs constant nourishment of passions of the lovers. It can be divided into three stages: love in the heart of a boy and a girl; love in the soul of a man and a maiቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ; and love that is perfected by Death, that does not die in the tomb.
Symbolic meanings of “Red rose”, “Lizard” and “Nightingale”:
Lizard --- cynic, a person who sees little or no good in anything and who has no belief in human progress; person who shows this by sneering and being contemptuous (cynical people)
An Ideal Husband 《理想的丈夫》 1895 The Importance of Being Earnest 《认真的重要性》 Salome 《莎乐美》 (written originally in French and
published in English)
1895
In May 1895, when Wilde rose to the summit of his fame, he was sentenced to two years’ hard labor on a charge of immoral conduct. After release, he went to France, for he was totally disappointed at the society of the Victorian England. And then died suddenly in 1900.
His only novel: The Picture of Dorian Gray 1891 《道林·格雷的画像》 His main dramas: Lady Windermere’s Fan 1893 《温德密尔夫人的扇子》
A Woman of No Importance 1894 《无足轻重的女人》
In some of his fairy tales like The Devoted Friend, The Happy Prince, The Nightingale and The Rose and The Selfish Giant,
written in a graceful style, he expressed his sympathy with the sufferings of the poor and contempt for the greed and selfishness of the rich.
Appreciation Time!
—— The Nightingale and The Rose
Symbolic meanings of “Red rose”, “Lizard” and “Nightingale”:
Symbolic meanings of “Red rose”, “Lizard” and “Nightingale”:
Wilde’s comments: (1888)
The nightingale is the true lover, if there is one. She, at least, is
Romance, and the student and the
girl are, like most of us, unworthy of Romance. Nightingale sacrifices its own life for pure love’s sake. A true love needs wholehearted devotion and passion
The Happy Prince and Other Tales 1888 《快乐王子和其他故事》 A House of Pomegranates 《石榴屋/石榴之家》 1891
A collection of short stories: Lord Arthur Savile’s Crime and Other Stories 《亚瑟·萨维尔勋爵的罪行和其他 故事》