欧洲文化入门复习资料

细节知识点

（一）G reek & Roman

1. drama

Aeschylus埃斯基洛斯:Prometheus Bound被束缚的普罗米修

斯,Persians波斯人，Agamennon

Sophcles 索发克里斯：（tragic art ） Oedipus the king, Electra , Antigone

Euripides 欧里庇得斯："problem plays” , Andromache, Medea,

Trojan Women

Aristophanes 阿里斯多芬尼斯：Frogs, Clouds, Wasps, Birds

2. Historian

Herodotus : * " father of history " * from Greek to Persians *full of anecdotes and dialogues ,interesting

Thucydides: *younger than Herodotus *Athens to Sparta and Athens to Syracuse 希拉库萨*style is imagination and power *the greatest historian that ever

lived

3. philosophy and science

Pythagoras 毕达哥拉斯: *bold thinker *believe everything is

numbers* scientific mathematics——point , line , magnitude 震级,

surface , body , first proportion

Heracleitus 赫拉克里克: *fire is the primary element of universe

*sayings: all is flux , nothing stationary/you cannot step twice into the same

river/fresh waters are ever flowing in upon you/ the sun is new every day.

*believe mingling of opposites ,opposites produce harmony

（二）Bible

translation

Latin version : 383-405AD by St .Jerome

English version : 1382 John Wycliff

（三）Middle ages/ Medieval

1. AD 476 Roman power was gone

2. after 1054 Church was divided into Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox

Church

3. The Crusades: 1096 — 1291 last for about 200 years

4.learning :

. Charlemagne 查理曼大帝:

*western and central Europe

*father of Europe .Emperor of Romans in 800

*Carolingian Renaissance 加洛林

*encourage Christian religion and ancient learning by setting monastery schools

. Alfred the Great 阿尔弗雷德大帝：

*ruler of Anglo Saxon of Wessex

*Encourage teacher and scholars , Wessex center of learning

*Anglo Saxon chronicles 英国编年史

. St .Thomas Aquinas

*Italian philosopher ,scholasticism 经院哲学

* Summa Contra Centiles , Summa Theologiae 《神学大全》

*building a society of "Gods rul e " " Gods will ”, Pope is "Christs ' plenipotentiary 基督的全权代表"above secular rulers

. Roger Bacon 罗杰培根

*a British monk ,one of the earliest advocates of experimental scientific research and observation

*works : Opus maius ,encyclopedia of the sciences of his time

5. Literature

SBeowulf : an Anglo Saxon epic

• Song of Roland , La Chanson de Gestes: French

•Dante : the divine of comedy 神曲greatest poet of Italy

•Geoffrey Chaucer 乔叟:English poet : canterbury tales 坎特伯雷故事集，

(first short story teller, first modern poet in English literature )