医学英语 呼吸系统

Related roots
Baidu Nhomakorabea
pneumo-, pulmo-: to the lung or air肺的，气的 spir-, -pnea: breath呼吸 naso-, rhin-: to the nose鼻的 oro-: to the mouth口的 pharyngo-: to the pharynx咽的 laryngo-: to the larynx喉的 tracheo-: to the trachea, tracheal气管的 bronchi-, broncho-: to the bronchi支气管的 alveolo-: to the alveoli肺泡的 phrenic-: to the diaphragm膈的 pleuro-: to the pleural membrane 胸膜的 thoraco-, stetho-: to the thorax or chest 胸的 -oxia: level of oxygen…氧血症 -capnia: level of carbon dioxide…碳酸血症 phono-, -phonia: voice声音

Lung lobes

Right upper lobe, RUL Right middle lobe, RML Right lower lobe, RLL

Left upper lobe, LUL Left lower lobe, LLL
The process of breathing

Respiration, respiratory, breath, breathe, breathing 呼吸 Ventilation通气 Inspiration吸气, inhalation, inhale吸入 Expiration呼气, exhalation, exhale呼出
The process of breathing
The Respiratory System

Upper respiratory tract:

Nasal cavity Nose hairs Paranasal sinuses (frontal,
sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary)
Pharynx (throat) Epiglottis Larynx (voice box) Glottis, Glottis vocal cords Eustachian tubes
Medical English
Respiratory System
Fang, Xiao yi (Judy)房晓祎 Department of Neonatology, First Affiliated Hospital of SUMC
Objectives
Describe the structures and the functions of organs in res. system Describe the process of breathing Know the common symptoms and signs of res. diseases Know several diseases of res. system


Breathing is the exchange of gases between the cells of an organism and the external environment. The process of taking air into the lungs is called inspiration, or inhalation. The process of breathing air out is called expiration, or exhalation.
The Respiratory System

Lower respiratory tract:


Trachea (windpipe). Bronchi (pl. of bronchus): main, secondary and tertiary Bronchioles: Pulmonary alveoli (pl. of alveolus) Lungs
The Respiratory System

Accessory structures:
Diaphragm膈: The main muscle used for breathing; separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. Diaphragmatic muscles膈肌 Mediastinum纵隔: Consists of the space between the lungs together with the organs contained in this space, including trachea, heart, esophagus, large vessels, and other tissues.
The Respiratory System

Accessory structures:

Pleural membrane: Covering the lung and lining the chest cavity, this membrane has 2 thin layers, within which is pleural cavity. Ribs肋骨: Bones attached to the spine and central portion of the breastbone, which support the chest wall and protect the heart, lungs, and other organs in the chest. Intercostal muscles肋间肌: Thin sheets of muscle between each rib that expand (when air is inhaled) and contract (when air is exhaled).