考点08 倒装句(解析版).pdf

2020年高考英语一轮考点扫描

专题08 倒装句

一、【知识精讲】

（一）定义：

1. 部分倒装：指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。

2. 完全倒装：指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。

（二）完全倒装

1. 介词短语（往往表示地点）放在句首时：

Next to it is another restaurant where we can have Chinese food.

In front of them stood a great castle, bathed in morning sunshine.

On the bed lay a sick old man groaning.

2. 方位副词,如east/west, out/in, up/down, here/there, now/then, below/above, away, off,等放在句首时：

Down jumped the murderer from the sixth floor.

Here comes Mary= Look! Mary’s coming.

Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.

There goes the bell= Look! The bell’s ringing.

Northwest of the mountain are (be) two small villages.

3. 表语（常为形容词、分词、such）放在句首时：

Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests. Seated on the ground are a group of young men playing music.

Such is my friend, a clever and warm-hearted boy.

Growing in the schoolyard are different kinds of flowers and grass.= Flowers and grass can be seen here and there in the schoolyard.

4. There be 句型中：(该句型的谓语动词除了be之外,还可用live, happen, exist, remain, stand, lie等)

Long, long ago there lived a king who loved horses very much.

There happened to be nobody in the bedroom when the fire broke out.

5. 直接引语放在句首时：

“ It’s worthwhile to visit Monet’s garden,” thought Xiao Lin.

“ Picasso’s paintings,” said the artist, “are the most beautiful ones I have ever seen.”.

注意：完全倒装需具备2个条件:

(1) 主语必须是名词n.；

(2) 谓语必须是不及物动词vi 或者系动词link verb。

(3）如果主语为人称代词,仍用陈述句语序,如：

Here you are. There it goes! Away it flew. Up it went.

（三）部分倒装

1. 否定词或否定短语放在句首（never, little, not, rarely, seldom, hardly, scarcely, neither, nor,…）也包括具有否定意义的词组( in no way, by no means, under no circumstances, in no case, at no time…)。

Never have I seen a better film before.

In no way can he pass the math exam this time.

Not a single word of English does he know.

If you don’t go, neither/nor will I.

2. No sooner…than…及Hardly/rarely/scarcely…when…置句首时：

注意：前半句用过去完成时+倒装, 后半句用过去式,不倒装。

(1). He had hardly finished his exercises when the teacher came in.= Hardly had he finished his exercises when the teacher came in. .

(2). He had no sooner gone out than it began to rain.= No sooner had he gone out than it began to rain

3. Not until置句首时, （主句须倒装,until从句不倒装,即“主倒从不倒”）

(1) Not until his mother came back did he go to bed.= He didn’t go to bed until his mother came back.

(2) Mary didn’t leave until John arrived. = Not until John arrived did Mary leave .

= It was not until John arrived that Mary left.

(“not until…”放在强调句型中,前后都是陈述语序,不能用倒装)

4. So/Such…that…置句首, （“如此…”部分需倒装, 但that从句部分不倒装）