高三英语复习 虚拟语气讲义

虚拟语气

一虚拟语气的概念：

If I were you, I would study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。 May you succeed! 祝您成功！

虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观______的事实，而是说话人的主观_______、_______或推测等。二虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法:

1. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。

2. If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没

问题了。

3. If it should snow/were to snow/ snowed heavily this evening, we would not have evening self-study.

如果今晚下大雪，我们将不上晚自习了。

4. If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。)

条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是________条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是________，在这种真实条件句中的谓语用_______语气，如第____句。如果假设的情况是________或________都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是_______条件句，如第_________句。

难点一：错综条件虚拟：

If you had listened to the doctor, you ____________(be) all right now.

If I _______(take) my raincoat when I came out this morning, I would not be wet through

now.

有时________表示与过去事实相反的假设，而主句却表示与_____或_______的事实相反，即表示“如果_______…，现在或将来就会…”之意，这种虚拟形式叫错综条件虚拟语气。

难点二：虚拟语气的省略或倒装:

Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up.

Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it.

If you had taken my advice(______________________)，you wouldn't have failed in the exam. 如果虚拟条件从句中有_______，had(此处had必须是______动词) 或 _______，可以把_______

省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成倒装。

难点三：含蓄虚拟条件句（用其它形式替代if 条件从句）：

1）有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。常见的介词有________, but for( )等。如：

Without air (If there_______ no air), there would be no living things.

But for your help (If it _______ ________ for your help), I couldn’t have done it.

2）有时虚拟语气体现在某些副词上，如：but, or, or else, otherwise等。

I was busy that day. Otherwise I _________________(go)there with them.

→(If I _____________ busy that day, I would have gone there with them.)

I would have finished the work, but I was ill.

→(If I ____________ ill, I would have finished the work.)

He turned up at last, or we would have had to find another time for the meeting.

三．虚拟语气中用(should) do 的情况

1. I demand that he (should) answer me immediately.

2. It was required that the medicines _____________ (send) there by plane.

3. The order came that everybody _____________ (fight) against H1N1 flu.

4. His suggestion is that we ____________ (solve) the problem at once.

用来说明 ________、命令、提议、请求、要求等动词或________内容的从句谓语动词用(should) do 常见的动词和名词有（在括号内写出单词的意思）：urge （） recommend（）require request demand（） insist（） suggest （） command

（）

order propose（） advise 等。recommendation, requirement, request, demand, suggestion,

command, order, proposal, advice, etc.

注意：当suggest表“________ ________”，insist表“_______ _______”时，应使用陈述语气。

对比: His pale face suggested that he __________(be) ill.

It’s s uggested that the plan __________(carry) out.

He insisted that he __________(not steal) the woman’s wallet.

The doctor insisted that the patient ____________(operate) on at once.

It is important that everyone (should) obey the law. It is strange that he (should) say so.

It is essential that effective measures (should ) _____________(take) to improve learning efficiency.

归纳：句型 It is important/ strange/essential( )/自然的（） that 从句，从句中的

谓语动词用_______________, ____________可省略。

四：几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法

1.观察以下wish引导的宾语从句，归纳出wish+宾语从句的用法。

How I wish I __________(be) a flying bird! He wishes he hadn’t made such a mistak e.

I wish I could go to space some day./ How I wish it would be fine tomorrow.

归纳： _____________, 表示与现在的事实相反

wish+ _____________, 表示与过去的事实相反

_____________, 表示与将来的事实相反

2.观察以下if only引导的从句，归纳出if only的用法。

If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see