高三英语虚拟语气全国通用
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虚拟语气
动词语气是用来表明说话人的看法和态度的。英语中
的语气有三种:
⒈ 陈述语气:
表示说话人认为他所表述的是事实,可用于陈述句、疑问句和感叹句,可以是肯定的、
也可以是否定的。
如:If he comes here, I shall tell him.
如果他来这里,我会告诉他。(他很可能来)
⒉ 祈使语气:
表示对说话对方的要求、命令、请求、警告等,用于祈使句中。
如:Lock up the door.
把门锁上。(表达命令)
⒊ 虚拟语气:
表示所说的话是不是事实,或者是不可能发生的情况,而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相
反的假设。
如:I wish he could come.
我希望他能来。(表达愿望)
He suggested that we ( should ) come another day.
他建议我们改天来。(表建议)
虚拟语气在条件句中的应用:
英语中if 从句有两种:一种是以陈述语气叙述的叫做真实条件句,说明所提出的假想是可以实现的;另一种是以虚拟语气叙述的,叫非真实条件句,说明所提出的假想实现的可能性极小或与事实相反。这种虚拟语气一般因所指的时间的不同而分三种情况:
⒈表示与现在事实相反:
If + 从句主语+ 动词的过去式……,主语+should/ would/ could/ might + 动词原形……
(be 一般用were)
如:①If I were you, I would go by plane.
如果我是你,我将坐飞机去。(In fact I am not you. )
②If he were here, he would decide what to do.
如果他在这里,他会决定做什么。(In fact he isn’t here.)
③If I had the letter at hand, I would read it.
如果我手头有这封信的话,我会读它的。(In fact I don’t have the letter at hand.)
④If she knew about it now, she would come.
如果她现在知道这件事的话,她会来的。(In fact she doesn’t know about it.)
⑤If he had time, he would go with you.
如果他有时间,他会同你一起去的。(In fact he is very busy, so he can’t go with
you.)
⒉表示与过去事实相反:
If + 从句主语+ had + 过去分词……,主语+should/ would/ could/ might +have +过去分
词……
如:①If he had come here yesterday, I should have told him.
如果他昨天到这里来,我早就告诉他了。
(Fact: He did not come and I did not tell him.)
②If I had taken his advice, I wouldn’t have made such a mistake.
如果我当时接受了他的劝告,我是不会犯那样一个错误的。
(Fact: I didn’t take his advice and I made such a mistake.)
③If I hadn’t been so busy last Monday, I would have called her.
如果我上周一不忙的话,我早就给她打电话了。
(Fact: I was busy last Monday and I didn’t call her.)
⒊与将来事实可能相反:
If + 从句主语+ ①动词的过去式/ ②should +动词原形/ ③were to +动词原形, 主语+ should/ would/ could/ might + 动词原形…
如:①If it should snow/snowed/were to snow tomorrow, I would not go out.
如果明天下雪的话,我就不出去了。
(But I know it won’t snow tomorrow.)
②If he failed/should fail/were to fail, he would try again.
如果他失败的话,他会再试一次。
(I know that most probably he won’t fail.)
③If I had time next year, I would study German.
如果我明年有时间的话,我就学德语。
(I know that most probably I won’t have time next year.)
◆在书面语中,有时if虚拟从句可使用倒装形式,方法是:如果if从句中含有were, had
或should时,把条件从句中的if省略,将were/had/ should移至主语之前。
如:①If I were in his place, I should learn to drive.
→Were I in his place, I should learn to drive.
如果我处于他的地位,我一定学开车。
②If it should snow tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
→Should it snow tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
如果明天下雪,会议将会延期。
③If they had helped us, we would have succeeded.
→Had they helped us, we would have succeeded.
如果他们帮助了我们,我们早就成功了。
④If it were to snow tomorrow, what would you do?
→Were it to snow tomorrow, what would you do?
万一明天下雪的话,你怎么办?
◆如果从句和主句所表示的动作发生的时间不一致,例如:一个与过去事实相反,另
一个与现在事实相反,动词的虚拟语气形式应根据所指的实际时间来选用。
如:①If he were alive, he might have finished his scientific researches on the bridge-
building three years ago.
如果他现在还活着,他可能三年前就完成了他的桥梁建筑科研工作了。