高三英语虚拟语气全国通用

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虚拟语气

动词语气是用来表明说话人的看法和态度的。英语中

的语气有三种:

⒈ 陈述语气:

表示说话人认为他所表述的是事实,可用于陈述句、疑问句和感叹句,可以是肯定的、

也可以是否定的。

如:If he comes here, I shall tell him.

如果他来这里,我会告诉他。(他很可能来)

⒉ 祈使语气:

表示对说话对方的要求、命令、请求、警告等,用于祈使句中。

如:Lock up the door.

把门锁上。(表达命令)

⒊ 虚拟语气:

表示所说的话是不是事实,或者是不可能发生的情况,而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相

反的假设。

如:I wish he could come.

我希望他能来。(表达愿望)

He suggested that we ( should ) come another day.

他建议我们改天来。(表建议)

虚拟语气在条件句中的应用:

英语中if 从句有两种:一种是以陈述语气叙述的叫做真实条件句,说明所提出的假想是可以实现的;另一种是以虚拟语气叙述的,叫非真实条件句,说明所提出的假想实现的可能性极小或与事实相反。这种虚拟语气一般因所指的时间的不同而分三种情况:

⒈表示与现在事实相反:

If + 从句主语+ 动词的过去式……,主语+should/ would/ could/ might + 动词原形……

(be 一般用were)

如:①If I were you, I would go by plane.

如果我是你,我将坐飞机去。(In fact I am not you. )

②If he were here, he would decide what to do.

如果他在这里,他会决定做什么。(In fact he isn’t here.)

③If I had the letter at hand, I would read it.

如果我手头有这封信的话,我会读它的。(In fact I don’t have the letter at hand.)

④If she knew about it now, she would come.

如果她现在知道这件事的话,她会来的。(In fact she doesn’t know about it.)

⑤If he had time, he would go with you.

如果他有时间,他会同你一起去的。(In fact he is very busy, so he can’t go with

you.)

⒉表示与过去事实相反:

If + 从句主语+ had + 过去分词……,主语+should/ would/ could/ might +have +过去分

词……

如:①If he had come here yesterday, I should have told him.

如果他昨天到这里来,我早就告诉他了。

(Fact: He did not come and I did not tell him.)

②If I had taken his advice, I wouldn’t have made such a mistake.

如果我当时接受了他的劝告,我是不会犯那样一个错误的。

(Fact: I didn’t take his advice and I made such a mistake.)

③If I hadn’t been so busy last Monday, I would have called her.

如果我上周一不忙的话,我早就给她打电话了。

(Fact: I was busy last Monday and I didn’t call her.)

⒊与将来事实可能相反:

If + 从句主语+ ①动词的过去式/ ②should +动词原形/ ③were to +动词原形, 主语+ should/ would/ could/ might + 动词原形…

如:①If it should snow/snowed/were to snow tomorrow, I would not go out.

如果明天下雪的话,我就不出去了。

(But I know it won’t snow tomorrow.)

②If he failed/should fail/were to fail, he would try again.

如果他失败的话,他会再试一次。

(I know that most probably he won’t fail.)

③If I had time next year, I would study German.

如果我明年有时间的话,我就学德语。

(I know that most probably I won’t have time next year.)

◆在书面语中,有时if虚拟从句可使用倒装形式,方法是:如果if从句中含有were, had

或should时,把条件从句中的if省略,将were/had/ should移至主语之前。

如:①If I were in his place, I should learn to drive.

→Were I in his place, I should learn to drive.

如果我处于他的地位,我一定学开车。

②If it should snow tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

→Should it snow tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

如果明天下雪,会议将会延期。

③If they had helped us, we would have succeeded.

→Had they helped us, we would have succeeded.

如果他们帮助了我们,我们早就成功了。

④If it were to snow tomorrow, what would you do?

→Were it to snow tomorrow, what would you do?

万一明天下雪的话,你怎么办?

◆如果从句和主句所表示的动作发生的时间不一致,例如:一个与过去事实相反,另

一个与现在事实相反,动词的虚拟语气形式应根据所指的实际时间来选用。

如:①If he were alive, he might have finished his scientific researches on the bridge-

building three years ago.

如果他现在还活着,他可能三年前就完成了他的桥梁建筑科研工作了。

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