翻译硕士英语A卷2016

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2016年扬州大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2016年扬州大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingV ocabulary1．Our dreams will sometimes be______and our ethereal hopes blasted.A．smashedB．shatteredC．crushedD．squashed正确答案：B解析：本题考查动词的词义辨析。

根据空后的and our ethereal hopes blasted(并且我们飘渺的希望破灭)可判断，本空所填动词应与blasted并列，且意思相近，故shatter(使(希望、信念，信心)破灭，粉碎)为答案。

smash意为“(有意识地)打碎，打烂”，指破裂为许多支离破碎的碎片，多用指易碎事物。

crush意为“压碎，碾碎，弄皱”，指用力把东西压破或变形。

squash意为“压碎，挤压，紧压”，指某物受力被压扁或压碎，也指塞挤。

2．The attack is being seen as a deliberate attempt to______the peace talks.A．razeB．sabotageC．demolishD．disintegrate正确答案：B解析：本题考查动词的词义辨析。

根据语义推断，“攻击”应该是被看作“破坏和平对话”，故只有sabotage(阴谋破坏，蓄意破坏)符合语义，为答案。

raze意为“把(建筑或城镇)夷为平地，彻底摧毁”。

demolish意为“驳倒，推翻(某人的观点或论点)；摧毁，拆毁，拆除(建筑物等)”。

disintegrate意为“崩溃，瓦解”。

3．—When were your legs injured?—It was on a Sunday last month______my father and I spent our holiday at the seaside.A．thatB．asC．whileD．when正确答案：D解析：本题考查定语从句。

2016年西南科技大学357英语翻译基础考研真题A卷_真题-无答案

2016年西南科技大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（A卷）(总分150,考试时间180分钟)词语翻译Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one point for each. (30’)1. MOU2. virtual reality3. Internet of Things4. trade deficits5. UN Charter6. board of directors7. boarding school8. eco-industrial park9. insurance policies10. State Forestry Administration11. duty-free access12. diplomatic corps13. multilateral trade system14. outbound tourism15. human rights conventions16. 微型企业17. 部长级会议18. 治国理政经验19. 中国工程院20. 星条旗21. 直辖市22. 战国时期23. 世界文化遗产24. 民族自治25. 知识产权26. 纳米技术27. 载人航天飞行28. 碳排放目标29. 热带雨林30. 高技术产业开发区英汉互译Directions: Translate the following source texts into their target language respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. (60×2=120’)31. Source Text 1:In some strange sense we are more whole when we are missing something. The man who has everything is in some ways a poor man. He will never know what it feels like to yearn, to hope, to nourish his soul with the dream of something better. He will never know the experience of having someone who loves him give him something he has always wanted or never had.There is a wholeness about the person who **e to terms with his limitations, who has been brave enough to let go of his unrealistic dreams and not feel like a failure for doing so. There is a wholeness about the man or woman who has learned that he or she is strong enough to go through a tragedy and survive, she can lose someone and still feel like a complete person.Life is not a trap set for us by God so that he can condemn us for failing. Life is not a spelling bee, where no matter how many words you've gotten right, you're disqualified if you make one mistake. Life is more like a baseball season, where even the best team loses one third of its games and even the worst team has its days of brilliance. Our goal is to win more games than we lose. When we accept that imperfection is part of being human, and when we can continue rolling through life and appreciate it, we will have achieved a wholeness that others can only aspire to. That, I believe, is what God asks of us—not “Be perfect”, not “Don't even make a mistake”, but “Be whole”.If we are brave enough to love, strong enough to forgive, generous enough to rejoice in another's happiness, and wise enough to know there is enough love to go around for us all, then we can achieve a fulfillment that no other living creature will ever know.32. Source Text 2:亚洲政通人和，发展潜力巨大，合作前景看好。

2016年西南科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题(A卷)及详解【圣才出品】

2016年西南科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题（A卷）及详解Ⅰ. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. If the source text is in English, itstarget language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its targetlanguage is English. There are altogether 30 items in this part of thetest, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one point for each. (30’) 1. MOU【答案】谅解备忘录（Memorandum of Understanding）2. virtual reality【答案】虚拟现实3. Internet of Things【答案】物联网4. trade deficits【答案】贸易逆差；贸易赤字5. UN Charter【答案】联合国宪章6. board of directors【答案】董事会；理事会7. boarding school【答案】寄宿学校8. eco-industrial park【答案】生态工业园9. insurance policies【答案】保险单10. State Forestry Administration 【答案】国家林业局11. duty-free access【答案】免税进入12. diplomatic corps【答案】外交使节团13. multilateral trade system【答案】多边贸易体系14. outbound tourism【答案】出境旅游；出境游15. human rights conventions【答案】人权公约16. 微型企业【答案】microenterprise17. 部长级会议【答案】ministerial meeting18. 治国理政经验【答案】experience of governance19. 中国工程院【答案】Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) 20. 星条旗【答案】the Stars and Stripes21. 直辖市【答案】municipality directly under the central government22. 战国时期【答案】the Warring States Time/Period23. 世界文化遗产【答案】world cultural heritage24. 民族自治【答案】national autonomy25. 知识产权【答案】intellectual property26. 纳米技术【答案】nanotechnology (NT)27. 载人航天飞行【答案】manned space flight28. 碳排放目标【答案】carbon emission target29. 热带雨林【答案】tropical rain forest30. 高技术产业开发区【答案】high-tech industrial development zoneⅡ. Directions: Translate the following source texts into their target language respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language isChinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English.(60×2=120’)Source Text 1:In some strange sense we are more whole when we are missing something. The man who has everything is in some ways a poor man. He will never know what it feels like to yearn, to hope, to nourish his soul with the dream of something better. He will never know the experience of having someone who loves him give him something he has always wanted or never had.There is a wholeness about the person who has come to terms with his limitations, who has been brave enough to let go of his unrealistic dreams and notfeel like a failure for doing so. There is a wholeness about the man or woman who has learned that he or she is strong enough to go through a tragedy and survive, she can lose someone and still feel like a complete person.Life is not a trap set for us by God so that he can condemn us for failing. Life is not a spelling bee, where no matter how many words you’ve gotten right, you’re disqualified if you make one mistake. Life is more like a baseball season, where even the best team loses one third of its games and even the worst team has its days of brilliance. Our goal is to win more games than we lose. When we accept that imperfection is part of being human, and when we can continue rolling through life and appreciate it, we will have achieved a wholeness that others can only aspire to. That, I believe, is what God asks of us—not “Be perfect”, not “Don’t even make a mistake”, b ut “Be whole”.If we are brave enough to love, strong enough to forgive, generous enough to rejoice in another’s happiness, and wise enough to know there is enough love to go around for us all, then we can achieve a fulfillment that no other living creature will ever know.【参考译文】从某种奇怪的意义上说，当我们缺少什么东西时，我们反而是更完整的。

2016年宁波大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2016年宁波大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Writing 7. Cloze TextV ocabulary1．Even though he was guilty, the______judge did not send him to prison.A．mercifulB．impartialC．conscientiousD．conspicuous正确答案：A解析：本题考查形容词辨析。

让步状语从句中的guilty(有罪的)和主句的意思(法官没有把他送进监狱)表明，该法官是一个“仁慈的”人，故merciful(仁慈的，宽厚的)为答案。

impartial意为“公正的，不偏不倚的”；conscientious意为“认真的，勤勤恳恳的”；conspicuous意为“显眼的，明显的”，均与让步状语从句的意思不符，故均排除。

2．The education______for the coming year is about $ 4 billion, which is much more than what people expected.A．allowanceB．reservationC．budgetD．finance正确答案：C解析：本题考查名词辨析。

根据句意“来年的教育______约为40亿美元，这远远超出人们的预期”可知，横线处应填和“钱”有关的词，可首先排除reservation(预订；保留)。

allowance意为“(定期发给的)津贴，补助”，不符合$4 billion(40亿美元)的语义，故排除。

根据空后的the coming year(来年)可确定，本题答案为budget(预算，预算拨款)。

finance(财政，金融)是指管理货币、债务、信贷和投资的商业或政府活动，也与语义不符，故排除。

3．They had fierce______as to whether their company should restore the trade relationship which was broken years ago.A．debateB．clashC．disagreementD．context正确答案：A解析：本题考查名词辨析。

2016年山东大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷.doc

2016年山东大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷.doc2016年山东大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(总分：72.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.He felt that the uninspiring routine of office work was too______for someone of his talent and creativity.（分数：2.00）A.prosaicB.insatiableC.exactingD.enthralling2.The museum arranged the fossils in______order, placing the older fossils dating from the Late Ice Age on the first floor and the more recent fossils on the second floor.（分数：2.00）A.alphabeticalB.chronologicalC.randomD.arbitrary3.With the evolution of wings, insects were able to______to the far ecological corners, across deserts and bodies of water, to reach new food sources and inhabit a wider variety of promising environmental niches.（分数：2.00）A.relateB.disperseC.transgressD.revert4.Having recently missed out on the Matisse retrospective, which has taken Paris and New York by storm, and on the tour of great paintings from Philadelphia's Barnes collection, London isbecoming______in the competition to show blockbuster international art exhibitions.（分数：2.00）A.a trend-setterB.an also-ranC.a world-beaterD.a mecca5.What most______the magazine's critics is the manner in which its editorial opinions are expressed too often as if only an idiot could see things any other way.（分数：2.00）A.beliesB.impedesC.rilesD.placates6.Despite her compassionate nature, the new nominee to the Supreme Court was single-minded and ______in her strict adherence to the letter of the law.（分数：2.00）A.mercifulB.uncompromisingC.dilatoryD.vindictive7.Although he generally observed the adage "Look before you leap," in this instance hewas______acting in an unconsidered fashion.（分数：2.00）A.chary ofB.impervious toC.precipitate inD.hesitant about8.Surrounded by a retinue of sycophants who invariably______her singing, Callas wearied of the constant adulation and longed for honest criticism.（分数：2.00）A.orchestratedB.thwartedC.assailedD.extolled9.There is nothing______or provisional about Moore's early critical pronouncements; she deals confidently with what were then radical new developments in poetry.（分数：2.00）A.tentativeB.positiveC.dogmaticD.shallow10.She______the chance to spend a whole day with her father.（分数：2.00）A.jumped onB.jumped atC.jumped withD.jumped up11.She pointed out that his resume was______because it merely recorded his previous positions and failed to highlight the specific skills he had mastered in each job.（分数：2.00）A.disinterestedB.inadequateC.conclusiveD.obligatory12.Because it was already known that retroviruses could cause cancer in animals, it seemed only______to search for similar cancer-causing viruses in human beings.（分数：2.00）A.culpableB.charitableC.hypotheticalD.logical13.Her______is always a source of irritation; she never uses a single word when she can substitutea long clause or phrase in its place.（分数：2.00）A.frivolityB.verbosityC.ambivalenceD.cogency14.It is futile to try to destroy pests completely with chemical poisons, for as each new chemical pesticide is introduced, the insects gradually become______to it.（分数：2.00）A.drawnB.vulnerableC.resistantD.indifferent15.Ms. Ono rarely gives interviews because she believes the news media have______her and treated her badly.（分数：2.00）A.publicizedB.misrepresentedC.eulogizedD.acclaimed16.Totem craftsmanship reached its______in the 19th century, when the introduction of metal tools enabled carvers to execute more sophisticated designs.（分数：2.00）A.apexB.conclusionC.antithesisD.reward17.As delicate and______as insect bodies are, it is remarkable that over the ages enough of them have ______, preserved inamber, for scientists to trace insect evolution.（分数：2.00）A.beautiful; disappearedB.fragile; survivedC.impervious; multipliedD.refined; awakened18.Unfortunately, the current Broadway season offers some ______fare that sounds markedly like imitations of previous hits.（分数：2.00）A.epicB.radicalC.formulaicD.incongruous19.For those who admire realism, Louis Malle's recent film succeeds because it consciously shuns the stuff of legend and tells______story as it might actually unfold with fallible people in earthly time.（分数：2.00）A.a derivativeB.an antiquatedC.an unembellishedD.an ethereal20.Crabeater seal, the common name of Lobodon car-cinophagus, is a______, since the animal's staple diet is not crabs, but krill.（分数：2.00）A.pseudonymB.misnomerC.delusionD.digression二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：30.00)The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals,assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed "intuition" to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking. Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness. Isenberg's recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers' intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills.A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an "Aha!" experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitiveprocess in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns. One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that "thinking" is inseparable from acting. Since managers often "know" what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert. Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to______.（分数：2.00）A.speed up the creation of a solution to a problemB.identify a problemC.bring together disparate factsD.stipulate clear goals(2).The passage suggests which of the following about the "writers on management" mentioned in Paragraph 2?（分数：2.00）A.They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.B.They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.C.They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.D.They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.(3).Which of the following best exemplifies "an 'Aha!' experience" in paragraph three as it is presented in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.A manager risks taking an action whose outcome is unpredictable to discover whether the action changes the problem at hand.B.A manager performs well-learned and familiar behavior patterns in creative and uncharacteristic ways to solve a problem.C.A manager suddenly connects seemingly unrelated facts and experiences to create a pattern relevant to the problem at hand.D.A manager rapidly identifies the methodology used to compile data yielded by systematic analysis.(4).According to the passage, the classical model of decision analysis includes all of the following EXCEPT______.（分数：2.00）A.creation of possible solutions to a problemB.establishment of clear goals to be reached by the decisionC.action undertaken in order to discover more information about a problem/doc/2d279041.html,parison of the probable effects of different solutions to a problem(5).The passage provides support for which of the following statements?（分数：2.00）A.Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.B.Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.C.Managers' intuition works contrary to their rational andanalytical skills.D.Logical analysis of a problem increases the number of possible solutions.For some time scientists have believed that cholesterol plays a major role in heart disease because people with familial hypercholesterolemia, a genetic defect, have six to eight times the normal level of cholesterol in their blood and they invariably develop heart disease. These people lack cell-surface receptors for low-density lipoproteins (LDL's), which are the fundamental carriers of blood cholesterol to the body cells that use cholesterol. Without an adequate number of cell-surface receptors to remove LDL's from the blood, the cholesterol-carrying LDL's remain in the blood, increasing blood cholesterol levels. Scientists also noticed that people with familial hypercholesterolemia appear to produce more LDL's than normal individuals. How, scientists wondered, could a genetic mutation that causes a slowdown in the removal of LDL's from the blood also result in an increase in the synthesis of this cholesterol-carrying protein? Since scientists could not experiment on human body tissue, their knowledge of familial hypercholesterolemia was severely limited. However, a breakthrough came in the laboratories of Yoshio Watanabe of Kobe University in Japan in 1980. Watanabe noticed that a male rabbit in his colony had ten times the normal concentration of cholesterol in its blood. By appropriate breeding, Watanabe obtained a strain of rabbits that had very high cholesterol levels. These rabbits spontaneously developed heart disease. To his surprise, Watanabe further found that the rabbits, like humans with familial hypercholesterolemia, lacked LDL receptors. Thus, scientists could study these Watanabe rabbits to gain a better understanding of familial hypercholesterolemia in humans. Priorto the breakthrough at Kobe University, it was known that LDL's are secreted from the liver in the form of a precursor, called very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL's) , which carry triglycerides as well as relatively small amounts of cholesterol. The triglycerides are removed from the VLDL's by fatty and other tissues. What remains is a remnant particle that must be removed from the blood. What scientists learned by studying the Watanabe rabbits is that the removal of the VLDL remnant requires the LDL receptor. Normally, the majority of the VLDL remnants go to the liver where they bind to LDL receptors and are degraded. In the Watanabe rabbit, due to a lack of LDL receptors on liver cells, the VLDL remnants remain in the blood and are eventually converted to LDL's. The LDL receptors thus have a dual effect in controlling LDL levels. They are necessary to prevent oversynthesis of LDL's from VLDL remnants and they are necessary for the normal removal of LDL's from the blood. With this knowledge, scientists are now well on the way toward developing drugs that dramatically lower cholesterol levels in people afflicted with certain forms of familial hypercholesterolemia.（分数：10.00）(1).In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with______.（分数：2.00）A.presenting a hypothesis and describing compelling evidence in support of itB.raising a question and describing an important discovery that led to an answerC.showing that a certain genetically caused disease can be treated effectively with drugsD.explaining what causes the genetic mutation that leads to heart disease(2).Which of the following questions does the passagesupply information to answer?（分数：2.00）A.Which body cells are the primary users of cholesterol?B.How did scientists discover that LDL's are secreted from the liver in the form of a precursor?C.Where in the body are VLDL remnants degraded?D.Which body tissues produce triglycerides?(3).According to the passage, by studying the Watanabe rabbits scientists learned that______.（分数：2.00）A.VLDL remnants are removed from the blood by LDL receptors in the liverB.LDL's are secreted from the liver in the form of precursors called VLDL'sC.VLDL remnant particles contain small amounts of cholesterolD.LDL receptors remove LDL's from the blood(4).The development of drug treatments for some forms of familial hypercholesterolemia is regarded by the author as______.（分数：2.00）A.highly probableB.interesting, but too costly to be practicalC.promising, but many years offD.extremely unlikely(5).In which of the following ways does the passage imply that Watanabe rabbits differ from normal rabbits?（分数：2.00）A.Watanabe rabbits have more LDL receptors than do normal rabbits.B.The blood of Watanabe rabbits contains more VLDL remnants than does the blood of normal rabbits.C.Watanabe rabbits have fewer fatty tissues than do normal rabbits.D.Watanabe rabbits secrete lower levels of VLDL's than do normal rabbits.David Maraniss choked up when he saw the two-minute Chrysler advertisement during the Super Bowl, the annual football extravaganza, with its images of smokestacks, ice skaters and Diego Rivera's "Detroit Industry" murals. Suddenly he realized how much he still cared for his birthplace, where he spent the first six and a half years of his life. So much so that he decided to write his 12th book about the city, when it was at the peak of its economic, political and cultural power. He picked the early 1960s, from the autumn of 1962 to the spring of 1964. At the time Detroit was the economic engine of America. In January 1963 Life magazine published a story under the headline "Glow from Detroit Spreads Everywhere". The factories of Ford, General Motors, Chrysler and American Motors were firing on all cylinders. The increase in women drivers, the trend towards two-car families, the rising income of the post-war baby boomers and the promise of foreign markets inspired tremendous optimism for the industry's growth. The annual motor show was the biggest and most important event of its kind, the Academy Awards on wheels; on occasion even thevice-president came. Detroit was also a center of progressive politics and the civil-rights movement. Mr Maraniss devotes an entire chapter to Walter Reuther, the memorable boss of the most powerful union, the United Auto Workers (UAW). His parents, German immigrants, raised him with visions of social justice and workers' rights. Reuther was an idealist but also a pragmatist, which made him enemies on the left as well as the right. George Romney, the Republican governor of Michigan in 1963, called him "the most dangerous man in Detroit" becauseof his ability to bring about "the revolution without seeming to disturb the existing norms of society". Reuther was concerned with civil rights almost as much as with workers' rights. He invited Martin Luther King to the UAW's 25th-anniversary dinner and afterwards distributed copies of King's speech to the rank-and-file. When hundreds of protesters were jailed after King's Birmingham campaign of civil disobedience, Reuther dispatched two UAW staffers with $ 160, 000 in money belts to bail them out of jail. "It could be said that to a significant degree Detroit and its autoworkers were the civil rights movement's bank," Mr Maraniss writes. In Detroit in June 1963 King led the "Walk to Freedom", then the largest civil-rights march, and delivered a version of his "I Have a Dream" speech which he would give nine weeks later at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC. For all Detroit's glow, the storm clouds were already gathering in the early 1960s. Mr Maraniss cites a study by Wayne State University in 1963 that predicted the population of Detroit would drop from nearly 1.7 m to 1.2m between 1960 and 1970 and continue to dwindle. "Productive persons who pay taxes are moving out of the city, leaving behind the non-productive," the report noted. It also mentioned that in 1960 Detroit's population was 28. 9% black and forecast that by 1970 the city would be 44. 3% black, pointing out that blacks who had the resources moved to the suburbs "with the same urgency as whites". The report turned out to be unusually prescient. In spite of the efforts of Reuther, Cavanagh, King and others, Detroit was rocked by one of the worst race riots in history in 1967. From then on the pace of the city's decline quickened. By the time Mr Maraniss was writing his meticulously researched book, which at times provides almost too much detail for the uninitiated, Detroit had declaredbankruptcy. Its population was 83% black, itsworkers were largely unskilled and the city's headcount had shrunk to 688, 000. The city that had given America so much was in desperate need of help.（分数：4.00）(1).How significant was Detroit economically and politically in the early 1960s?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(2).According to the study by Wayne State University in 1963, how is the change in population structure in Detroit related to the city's decline?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________At first glance the patriarchy appears to be thriving. More than 90% of presidents and prime ministers are male, as are nearly all big corporate bosses. Men dominate finance, technology, films, sports, music and even stand-up comedy. In much of the world they still enjoy social and legal privileges simply because they have a Y chromosome. So it might seem odd to worry about the plight of men. Yet there is plenty of cause for concern. Men cluster at the bottom as well as the top. They are far more likely than women to be jailed, estranged from their children, or to kill themselves. They earn fewer university degrees than women. Boys in the developed world are 50% more likely to flunk basic maths, reading and science entirely. One group in particular is suffering. Poorly educated men in rich countries have had difficulty coping with the enormous changes in the labor market and the home over the past half-century. As technology and trade have devalued brawn, less-educated men have struggled to find a role in the workplace. Women, on the other hand, are surging into expanding sectors such as health care and education, helped by their superior skills. As education has become more important, boys have also fallen behind girls inschool (except at the very top ) . Men who lose jobs in manufacturing often never work again. And men without work find it hard to attract a permanent mate. The result, for low-skilled men, is a poisonous combination of no job, no family and no prospects. Those on the political left tend to focus on economics. Shrinking job opportunities for men, they say, are entrenching poverty and destroying families. In America pay for men with only a high-school certificate fell by 21% in real terms between 1979 and 2013; for women with similar qualifications it rose by 3%. Around a fifth of working-age American men with only a high-school diploma have no job. Those on the right worry about the collapse of the family. The vast majority of women would prefer to have a partner who does his bit both financially and domestically. But they would rather do without one than team up with a layabout, which may be all that is on offer: American men without jobs spend only half as much time on housework and caring for others as do women in the same situation, and much more time watching television. Hence the unravelling of working-class families. The two-parent family, still the norm among the elite, is vanishing among the poor. In rich countries the proportion of births outside marriage has trebled since 1980, to 33%. In some areas where traditional manufacturing has collapsed, it has reached 70% or more. Children raised in broken homes learn less at school, are more likely to drop out and earn less later on than children from intact ones. They are also not very good at forming stable families of their own. These two sides often talk past each other. But their explanations are not contradictory: both economics and social change are to blame, and the two causes reinforce each other. Moreover, these problems are likely to get worse. T echnology willdisrupt more industries, creating benefits for society but rendering workers who fail to update their skills redundant. The OECD, a think-tank, predicts that the absolute number of single-parent households will continue to rise in nearly all rich countries. Boys who grow up without fathers are more likely to have trouble forming lasting relationships, creating a cycle of male dysfunction.（分数：6.00）(1).In what ways do poorly-educated men in rich countries suffer?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(2).What impacts do the shrinking job opportunities for men have on families?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(3).What are the usual drawbacks for children raised in broken homes?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________三、Writing(总题数：1，分数：2.00)21.China will gradually postpone its statutory retirement age, as its workforce retires the earliest in the world, said an official on Wednesday. The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security is set to publicize a reform plan on postponing the statutory retirement age, said minister Yin Weimin. Currently, people's retirement age is no more than 55, compared to the mid-60s of many other countries, Yin noted. The reform plan will postpone the retirement age "step by step until it reaches a reasonable level," according to Yin. What is your opinion about this? Write an essay of about 400 words to express your views on the topic.（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________。

2016年南京师范大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2016年南京师范大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingV ocabulary1．I can’t decide what to do. I’ll ______it and let you know tomorrow.A．sleep forB．sleep offC．sleep onD．sleep out of正确答案：C解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。

sleep on it为固定搭配，意为”(把重要的事)留待第二天决定”，故答案为[C]项。

sleep off意为“用睡眠消除(旅途劳顿、暴饮暴食等行为引起的不适)”。

没有sleep for和sleep out of的用法。

2．In the ______of the hurricane, many people’s homes were destroyed.A．resultB．aftermathC．consequenceD．upshot正确答案：B解析：本题考查名词的词义辨析。

result意为“结果，效果”，为普通用词，含义广泛，侧重因某种原因所产生的最终结果，而不是眼前的结果。

aftermath 意为“后果，余波”，尤指灾难或不幸事件的后果，符合空后的hurricane…homes were destroyed的语义，故为答案。

consequence意为“结果，后果”，多指某一事件引起的必然或自然的结果，不强调直接的因果关系，而侧重事件发展的逻辑关系。

upshot意为“最终结果，结局”，是一种决定性结果。

3．In the light from the hall, her hair had a golden______.A．gleamB．glistenC．glimmerD．glare正确答案：A解析：本题考查名词的词义辨析。

gleam意为“闪光，闪亮”，尤指反射的微弱光线。

[考研类试卷]2016年暨南大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷.doc

[考研类试卷]2016年暨南大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷.doc[考研类试卷]2016年暨南大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷一、Vocabulary1 Whenever possible, Ina ______how well she speaks Japanese.（A）shows up（B）shows around（C）shows off（D）shows out2 As the director can't come to the reception, I'm representing the company______. （A）on his account （B）on his behalf（C）for his part（D）in his interest3 The price of the coal will vary according to how far it has to be transported and how expensive the freight ______are.（A）payments（B）charges（C）funds（D）prices4 The ball ______two or three times before rolling down the slope.（B）bounced（C）hopped（D）darted5 He has been transferred to the University of Maryland Medical Center and is waiting to ______surgery.（A）undergo（B）unfold（C）underestimate（D）undertake6 We hold these truths to be self-______: that all men are created equal.（A）essential（B）eternal（C）evident（D）exquisite7 The bear clawed the hunter within ______of his life.（A）close（B）reach（C）a space8 The third candidate is a______. She's new to politics and is just beginning her campaign.（A）white elephant（B）dark horse（C）sleeper（D）big hit9 We go to the Summer Palace on foot______.（A）on purpose（B）on occasions（C）on behalf（D）on trial10 It was cloudy this morning, but it ______fine.（A）turned on（B）turned over（C）turned up（D）turned out11 In his ______to further knowledge of the universe, man has now begun to explore space.（A）attempt（C）trial（D）chase12 The bus moved slowly in the thick fog. We arrived at our ______almost two hours later.（A）designation（B）destiny（C）destination（D）dignity13 The nuclear family ______a self-contained, self-satisfying unit composed of father, mother and children.（A）refers to（B）defines（C）describes（D）devotes to14 Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that elderly Americans are______ by social isolation and loneliness.（A）reproached（B）favored（C）plagued（D）reprehended15 The Pacific island attracts shoals of tourists with its rich ______of folk arts.（A）heritage（B）heredity（C）heroism（D）hermitage16 It is imperative that students ______their term papers on time.（B）handed in（C）hand in（D）would hand in17 An old woman was badly hurt in ______the police describe as an apparently motiveless attack.（A）that（B）which（C）what（D）whatever18 ______on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace.（A）If walking（B）While walking（C）Walking（D）When one is walking19 After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well boys ______to go to school.（A）to be encouraged（B）been encouraged（C）being encouraged（D）be encouraged20 Joan didn't go to the party last night because she ______the baby for her sister until 9: 30.（A）must have looked after（B）would have to looked after（C）had to look after（D）should have looked after21 We are going to London next month. This will be the firsttime I ______there.（A）have traveled（B）travel（C）will travel（D）am traveling22 John is ______hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam.（A）no less（B）no more（C）not less（D）no so23 Americans eat ______as they actually need every day.（A）twice as much protein（B）twice protein as much twice（C）twice protein as much（D）protein as twice much24 Who ______was coming to see me in my office this afternoon?（A）you said（B）did you say（C）did you say that（D）you did say25 She would have been more agreeable if she had changeda little bit, ______? （A）hadn't she（B）hasn't she（C）wouldn't she（D）didn't she26 ______you ______further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice. （A）If; had（B）Have; had（C）Should; have（D）In case; had27 ______we wish him prosperous, we have objections to his ways of obtaining wealth. （A）Much as（B）As much（C）More as（D）As well as28 Among the first to come and live in North America______, who later prospered mainly in New England.（A）had been Dutch settlers（B）Dutch settlers were there（C）were Dutch settlers（D）Dutch settlers had been there29 ______there was an epidemic approaching, Mr. Smith ______the invitation to visit that area.（A）If he knew; would have declined（B）If he had known; would decline（C）Had he known; would decline（D）Had he known; would have declined30 In the dark they could not see anything clear, but could______.（A）hear somebody mourn（B）hear somebody mourning（C）hear somebody mourned（D）hear somebody had been mourning二、Reading Comprehension30 The head of the Library of Congress is to name Donald Hall, a writer whose deceptively simple language builds on images of the New England landscape, as the nation's 14th poet laureate today.Mr. Hall, a poet in the distinctive American tradition of Robert Frost, has also been a harsh critic of the religious right's influence on government arts policy. And as a member of the advisory council of the National Endowment for the Arts during the administration of George H. W. Bush, he referred to those he thought were interfering with arts grants as "bullies and art bashers.He will succeed Ted Kooser, the Nebraskan who has been the poet laureate since 2004. The announcement of Mr. Hall's appointment is to be made by James H. Billington, the Librarian of Congress. Mr. Billington said that he chose Mr. Hall because of "the sustained quality of his poetry, the reach and the variety of things he talks about." Like Mr. Kooser, Mr. Billington said," Mr. Hall evokes a sense of place.Mr. Hall, 77, lives in a white clapboard farmhouse in Wilmot, N. H., that has been in his family for generations. He said in a telephone interview that he didn't see the poetlaureateship as a bully pulpit. "But it's a pulpit anyway," he said. "If I see First Amendment violations, I will speak up."Mr. Hall is an extremely productive writer who has published about 18 books of poetry, 20 books of prose and 12 children's books. He has won many awards, including a national Book Critics Circle Award in 1989 for "The One Day", a collection.In recent years much of his poetry has been preoccupied with the death of his wife, the poet Jane Ken-yon, in 1995.Robert Pinsky, who was poet laureate from 1997 to 2000 said he welcomed Mr. Hall's appointment, especially in light of his previous outspokenness about politics and arts. "There is something nicely symbolic, and maybe surprising," Mr. Pinsky said, "that they have selected someone who has taken a stand forfreedom. "The position carries an award of $ 35, 000 and $ 5, 000 travel allowance. It usually lasts a year, though poets are sometimes reappointed.31 Donald Hall______.（A）uses simple English to express the images of the New England landscape（B）dislikes the idea of impacting government by the right side of the religion（C）is the 14th poet laureate appointed by the Congress（D）is a member of the advisory council of the National Endowment for the Arts32 James H. Billington______.（A）likes the poems with great depth and width（B）speaks highly of poems in simple English rather than complex ones（C）prefers the poems with sustained style and expression （D）likes the poems with the knowledge of various things33 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?（A）Mr. Hall has published many books and magazines on poems.（B）Mr. Hall is a critic of literature in the U. S.（C）Mr. Hall has got many prizes for his talents in writing.（D）Mr. Hall has got support from his predecessors.34 What can be inferred from the passage?（A）Mr. Hall loves his wife very much.（B）Mr. Hall takes the new appointment for granted.（C）Mr. Hall has got great ideas from his wife.（D）Mr. Hall may hold the position for another year.35 What is the best title for the passage?（A）A Guard for Politics and Arts（B）A New Poet Laureate（C）A Representative for Freedom（D）The Winning of a Poet35 Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is said —the words. Words do provide us with some information, but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words. We don't always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words don't mean anything except "I'm letting off some steam. I don't really want you to pay close attention to what I'm saying. Just pay attention to what I'm feeling." Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner, "This step has to be fixed before I'll buy. "The owner says, "It's been like that for years." Actually, the step hasn't been like that for years, but the unspoken message is; "I don't want to fix it. We put up with it. Why can't you?" Thesearch for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed through examining a message in terms of who said it, when it occurred, the related conditions or situation, and how it was said.When a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assume two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But one couple always kisses after an argument and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great deal more than the frequency of thebehavior. A friend's unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic. For example, a person who says " No!" to a serials of charges like "You're dumb," "You're lazy," and "You're dishonest," may also say "No!" and try to justify his or her response if the next statement is " And you're good looking. "We would do well to listen for how messages are presented. The words, "It sure has been nice to have you over," can be said with emphasis and excitement or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or repeated several times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say something the less importance it assumes.36 Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners,if______.（A）they use proper words to carry their ideas（B）they both speak truly of their own feelings（C）they try to understand each other's ideas beyond words（D）they are capable of associating meaning with their words37 "I'm letting off some steam" in paragraph 1 means______.（A）I'm just calling your attention（B）I'm just kidding（C）I'm just saying the opposite（D）I'm just giving off some sound38 The house-owner's example shows that he actually means______.（A）the step has been like that for years（B）he doesn't think it necessary to fix the step（C）the condition of the step is only a minor fault（D）the cost involved in the fixing should be shared39 Some responses and behaviors may appear very illogical, but are justifiable if______. （A）linked to an abnormal amount of assertiveness（B）seen as one's habitual pattern of behavior（C）taken as part of an ordering sequence（D）expressed to a series of charges40 The word " ritualistically" in the last paragraph equals something done______. （A）without true intention（B）light-heartedly（C）in a way of ceremony（D）with less emphasis40 Cellular slime molds are extraordinary life forms that exhibit features of both fungi and protozoa, although often classed for convenience with fungi. At one time they were regarded as organisms of ambiguous taxonomic status, but more recent analysis of DNA sequences has shown that slime molds should be regarded as inhabiting their own separate kingdom.Their uniqueness lies in their unusual life cycle, which alternates between a feeding stage in which the organism is essentially unicellular and a reproductive stage in which the organism adopts a multicellular structure. At the first stage they are free-living, separate amoebae, usually inhabiting the forest floor and ingesting bacteria found in rotting wood, dung, or damp soil. But their food supplies are relatively easily exhaustedsince the cells' movements are restricted and their food requirements rather large.When the cells become starved of nutrition, the organism initiates a new genetic program that permits the cells to eventually find a new, food-rich environment. At this point, the single-celled amoebae combine together to form what will eventually become a multicellular creature. The mechanism by which the individual members become a single entity is essentially chemical in nature. At first, a few of the amoebae start to produce periodic chemical pulses that are detected, amplified, and relayed to the surrounding members, which then move toward the pulse origin. In time, these cells form many streams of cells, which then come together to form a single hemispherical mass. This mass sticks together through the secretion of adhesion molecules.The mass now develops a tip, which elongates into a finger-like structure of about 1 or 2 millimeters in length. This structure eventually falls over to form a miniature slug, moving as a single entity orienting itself toward light. During this period the cells within the mass differentiate into two distinct kinds of cell. Some become prestalk cells, which later form into a vertical stalk, and others form prespore cells, which become the spore head.As the organism migrates, it leaves behind a track of slime rather like a garden slug. Once a favorable location has been found with a fresh source of bacteria to feed on, the migration stops and the colony metamorphoses into a fungus-like organism in a process known as "culmination." The front cells turn into a stalk, and the back cells climb up the stalk and form a spherical-shaped head, known as the sorocarp. This final fruiting body is about 2 millimeters in height. The head develops intospores, which are dispersed into the environment and form the next generation of amoebae cells. Then the life cycle is repeated. Usually the stalk disappears once the spores have been released.The process by which the originally identical cells of the slime mold become transformed into multicellular structures composed of two different cell types — spore and stalk — is of great interest to developmental biologists since it is analogous to an important process found in higher organisms in which organs with highly specialized functions are formed from unspecialized stem cells. Early experiments showed which parts of the slime mold organism contributed to the eventual stalk and which parts to the head. Scientists stained the front part of a slug with a red dye and attached it to the back part of a different slug. The hybrid creature developed as normal. The experimenters then noted that the stalk of the fruiting body was stained red and that the spore head was unstained. Clearly, the anterior part of the organism culminated in the stalk and the posterior part in the spore head. Nowadays, experiments using DNA technology and fluorescent proteins or enzymes to label the prespore and prestalk cells have been undertaken. This more molecular approach gives more precise results than using staining dyes but has essentially backed up the results of the earlier dye studies.41 How the slime should be classified used to be______.（A）unknown（B）uncertain（C）controversial（D）unfamiliar42 According to the passage, what is unusual about the slime molds' life cycle?（A）They inhabit their own kingdom.（B）They are organisms whose classification is ambiguous.（C）They alternate between unicellular and multicellular structures.（D）They are free-living organisms.43 All of the followings are mentioned in the text as being parts of the multicellular slug EXCEPT______.（A）the head（B）the stalk（C）legs（D）spores44 Why does the author refer to the fungus-like organism asa fruiting body?（A）Because it has become one entity.（B）Because it is 2 millimeters in height.（C）Because it now has a stalk and head.（D）Because it has reached its reproductive stage.45 According to the passage, the recent DNA studies______.（A）give similar results to the dye studies（B）contradict the dye studies（C）are less exact than the dye studies（D）have introduced confusion about the dye study results45 Barry Schwartz did not expect to feel inspired on a clothes-shopping trip. "I avoid buying jeans; I wear one pair until it falls apart," says Schwartz, an American psychology professor. "The last time I had bought a pair there had been just one style. But recently I was asked if I wanted this fit or that fit, or this color or that. I intended to be out shopping for five minutes but it took an hour, and I began to feel more and more dissatisfied. "This trip made him think: did more choice always mean greater satisfaction? " I'd always believed that choice was good, andmore choice was better. My experience got me thinking: how many others felt like me?"The result was a widely discussed study that challenged the idea that more is always better. Drawing on the psychology of economics, which looks at how people choose what to buy, Schwartz designed a questionnaire to show the differences between what he termed "maximisers" and "satisficers." Broadly speaking, maximisers are keen to make the best possible choices, and often spend time researching to ensure that their purchases cannot be bettered. Satisficers are the easy-going people, delighted with items that are simply acceptable.Schwartz puts forward the view, which contrasts with what politicians and salesmen would have people believe, that the unstoppable growth in choice is in danger of ruining lives. "I'm not saying no choice is good. But the average person makes at least 200 decisions every day, and I don't think there's room for any more. "His study may help to explain the peculiar paradox of the wealthy West — psychologists and economists are puzzled by the fact that people have not become happier as they have become richer. Infact, the ability to demand whatever is wanted whenever it is wanted has instead led to rising expectations.The search for perfection can be found in every area of life from buying soap powder to selecting a career. Certain decisions may automatically close off other choices, and some people are then upset by the thought of what else might have been. Schwartz says, "If you make a decision and it's disappointing, don't worry about it, it may actually have been a good decision, just not as good as you had hoped."One fact that governments need to think about is thatpeople seem more inclined to buy something if there are fewer, not more, choices. If that's true for jeans, then it is probably true for cars, schools and pension funds. "If there are few options, the world doesn't expect you to make the perfect decision. But when there are thousands it's hard not to think there's a perfect one out there, and that you'll find it if you look hard enough.If you think that Internet shopping will help, think again: "You want to buy something and you look at three websites. How long will it take to look at one more? Two minutes? It's only a click. Before you know it you've spent three hours trying to decide which ￡10 item to buy. It's crazy. You've used another evening that you could have spent with your friends. "Schwartz, who describes himself as a natural satisficer, says that trying to stop our tendency to be maxi-misers will make us happier. "The most important recommendation I can give is to lower personal expectations," he says. "But no one wants to hear this because they all believe that perfection awaits the wise decision maker. Life isn't necessarily like that."46 Why may some advice be rejected?47 What confuses experts according to the passage?48 What can be the emotional effect of the result of makinga choice?49 How was Schwartz's research undertaken?50 How can personality be defined in the text?三、Writing51 Directions: In this part you are going to write an essay of about 400-500 words within 60 minutes on the topic as follows. Write your response on the answer sheet T opic Some people think that cultural traditions will be destroyed if they are used as money-making attractions aimed at tourists. Others, however,believe that is the only way to save these traditions. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on the issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.。

2016年四川大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷

2016年四川大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(总分：72.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.First editions of certain popular books cannot be obtained for love or money .（分数：2.00）A.at any placeB.at any price √C.in any languageD.in any country解析：解析：本题考查介词短语辨析。

从字面理解画线短语for love or money可能表示“为了爱和钱”，引申义为“无论如何”。

四个选项中，只有at any price(以任何代价)中的(price)与画线短语中的money 含义相近，且在语义上也合理。

句意为：某些流行书籍的首印版是无论如何也得不到的。

2.The firemen acted quickly because lives were at stake .（分数：2.00）A.in danger √B.in despairC.out of conditionD.out of danger解析：解析：本题考查介词短语辨析。

根据句中的the firemen acted quickly判断，应是紧急状态，且原因状语从句中画线短语at stake的主语是lives(生命)，只有in danger(处于危险之中)符合上下文逻辑和语义。

in despair意为“陷于绝望之中”，out of condition意为“健康不佳”，out of danger意为“脱离危险”均不符合语义。

3.A beautiful woman attended to me in that store yesterday.（分数：2.00）A.waited on √B.talked toC.spoke toD.stayed with解析：解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。

宁波大学2016年考研真题【006外语学院】211翻译硕士英语(A卷)

考试科目:翻译硕士英语科目代码：211适用专业:英语笔译Part I.Vocabulary and Grammar(30points:20for Section A,and10for Section B)Section A:There are20incomplete sentences in this section.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1.Even though he was guilty,the________judge did not send him to prison.A.mercifulB.impartialC.conscientiousD.conspicuous2.The education________for the coming year is about$4billion,which is much more than what people expected.A.allowanceB.reservationC.budgetD.finance3.They had fierce________as to whether their company should restore the trade relationship which was broken year ago.A.debateB.clashC.disagreementD.context4.They tossed your thoughts back and forth for over an hour,but still could not make_____of them.A.impressionprehensionC.meaningD.sense5.The politician says he will________the welfare of the people.A.prey onB.take onC.get atD.see to6.If you________the bottle and cigarettes,you’ll be much healthier.A.take offB.keep offC.get offD.set off7.He was________to steal the money when he saw it lying on the table.A.draggedB.temptedC.elicitedD.attracted8.Beijing somewhat short sighted,she had the habit of________at people.A.glancingB.peeringC.gazingD.scanning9.Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world,the________majority are inactive.A.tremendousB.demandingC.intensiveD.overwhelming10.In general,matters which lie entirely within state borders are the________concern of state governments.A.extinctB.excludingC.excessiveD.exclusive11.The food was rather________and needed gingering up.A.slipperyB.inscribeC.invisibleD.insipid12.I don't________expert knowledge of this subject.A.professB.confessC.confirmD.confront13.He had no________about his talents as a singer.A.illuminationsB.illustrationsC.allusionsD.illusions14.There is not much time left;so I’ll tell you about it________.A.in detailB.in briefC.in shortD.in all15.In this factory,suggestions often have to wait for months before they are fully________.A.admittedB.acknowledgedC.absorbedD.considered16.There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened,________a sudden loud noise.考试科目:翻译硕士英语科目代码：211适用专业:英语笔译A.being thereB.should there beC.there wasD.there having been17.By the year2000,scientists probably________a cure for cancer.A.will be discoveringB.are discoveringC.will have discoveredD.have discovered18.Jim isn’t________,but he did badly in the final exams last semester.A.gloomyB.dullC.awkwardD.tedious19.The boy slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without his parents’_______.mandB.convictionC.consentpromise20.He had________on the subject.A.a rather strong opinionB.rather strong opinionC.rather the strong opinionD.the rather strong opinionSection B:There are20blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked,A,B,C,and D You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.The human nose is an underrated tool.Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals,__21__this is largely because,__22__animals,we stand upright.This means that our noses are__23__to perceiving those smells which float through the air,__24__the majority of smells which stick to surfaces.In fact,__25__,we are extremely sensitive to smells,__26__we do not generally realize it.Our noses are capable of__27__human smells even when these are__28__to far below one part in one million.Strangely,some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another,__29__others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers.This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate__30__smell receptors in the nose.These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send__31__to the brain.However,it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell__32__can suddenly become sensitive to it when__33__to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it__34__to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can__35__new receptors if necessary.This may__36__explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be.We are not__37__of the usual smell of our own house but we__38__new smells when we visit someone else’s.The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors__39__for unfamiliar and emergency signals__40__the smell of smoke,which might indicate the danger of fire.21.A although B as C but D while22.A above B unlike C excluding D besides23.A limited B committed C dedicated D confined24.A catching B ignoring C missing D tracking25.A anyway B though C instead D therefore考试科目:翻译硕士英语科目代码：211适用专业:英语笔译26.A even if B if only C only if D as if27.A distinguishing B discovering C determining D detecting28.A diluted B dissolved C determining D diffused29.A when B since C for D whereas30.A unusual B particular C unique D typical31.A signs B stimuli C messages D impulses32.A at first B at all C at large D at times33.A subjected B left C drawn D exposed34.A ineffective B incompetent C inefficient D insufficient35.A introduce B summon C trigger D create36.A still B also C otherwise D nevertheless37.A sure B sick C aware D tired38.A tolerate B repel C neglect D notice39.A available B reliable C identifiable D suitable40.A similar to B such as C along with D aside from Part II Reading Comprehension(40points:2×20)Direction:There are four passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D You are expected to make the best choice.Questions41to45are based on the following passage:Moral responsibility is all very well,but what about military orders?Is it not the soldier’s first duty to give instant obedience to orders given by his military superiors?And apart from duty,will not the soldier suffer severe punishment,even death,if he refuses to do what he is ordered to do?If,then,a soldier is told by his superior to burn this house or to shoot that prisoner,how can he be held criminally accountable on the ground that the burning or shooting was a violation of the laws of war?These are some of the questions that are raised by the concept commonly called“superior orders”, and its use as a defense in war crimes trials.It is an issue that must be as old as the laws of war themselves,and it emerged in legal guise over three centuries ago when,after the Stuart restoration in 1660,the commander of the guards at the trial and execution of Charles I was put on trial for treason and murder.The officer defended himself on the ground“that all he did was as a soldier,by the command of his superior officer whom he must obey or die,”but the court gave him short shrift,saying that“when the command is traitorous,then the obedience to that command is also traitorous.”Though not precisely articulated,the rule that is necessarily implied by this decision is that it is the soldier’s duty to obey lawful orders,but that he may disobey—and indeed must,under some circumstances—unlawful orders.Such has been the law of the United States since the birth of the nation.In1804,Chief Justice John Marshall declared that superior orders will justify a subordinate’s conduct only“if not to perform a prohibited act”,and there are many other early decisions to the same考试科目:翻译硕士英语科目代码：211适用专业:英语笔译effect.A strikingly illustrative case occurred in the wake of that conflict of which most Englishmen have never heard(although their troops burned the White House)and which we call the War of1812.Our country was badly split by that war too and,at a time when the United States Navy was not especially popular in New England,the ship-in-the-line Independence was lying in Boston Harbor.A pass-by directed abusive language at a marine standing guard on the ship,and the marine,Bevans by name,ran his bayonet through the man.Charged with murder,Bevans produced evidence that the marines on the Independence had been ordered to bayonet anyone showing them disrespect.The case was tried before Justice Joseph Story,next to Marshall,the leading judicial figure of those years,who charged that any such order as Bevans had invoked“would be illegal and void”,and,if given and put into practice,both the superior and the subordinate would be guilty of murder.In consequence,Bevans was convicted.The order allegedly given to Bevans was pretty drastic,and Boston Harbor was not a battlefield; perhaps it was not too much to expect the marine to realize that literal compliance might lead to bad trouble.But it is only too easy to conceive of circumstances where the matter might not be at all clear. Does the subordinate obey at peril that the order may later be ruled illegal,or is protected unless he has a good reason to doubt its validity?41.It can be inferred from Para.1that if a soldier obeys his superior’s order to burn a house or to kill aprisoner,________.A.he is right according to moral standardsB.he should not receive any punishmentC.he should certainly be liable for his actionD.he will be convicted according to the law of war42.What was the rule implied by the trail of the commander of the guards?A.A soldier must obey lawful orders,be he right or wrong.B.Even if an order is unlawful,the soldier must still obey it.C.A soldier may or must disobey unlawful orders or he must die.D.It is the soldier’s duty to obey superior orders whatever they are.43.The phrase“to the same effect”(Line6,Para.3)most probably means“which”________.A.are of the similar meaningB.have the same purposeC.must be put into effectD.lead to the same result44.According to the fourth paragraph,Bevans was found guilty because he________.A.obey illegal ordersB.was accused of murderC.disobeyed the superior ordersD.offended against the law of war45.It can be concluded from the last paragraph that the author’s attitude towards Bevans was______.A.bewilderingB.indignantC.approvingD.not quite sympathetic Questions46to50are based on the following passage:Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect.Our heroes are athletes,entertainers, and entrepreneurs,not scholars.Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical考试科目:翻译硕士英语科目代码：211适用专业:英语笔译education——not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge.Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren’t difficult to find.“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,”says education writer Diane Ravitch.“Schools could be a counterbalance.”Razitch’s latest book,Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms,traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools,concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be.Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control.Without the ability to think critically,to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others,they cannot fully participate in our democracy.Continuing along this path,says writer Earl Shorris,“We will become a second-rate country.We will have a less civil society.”“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,”writes historian and Professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American life,a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics,religion,and education.From the beginning of our history,says Hofstadter,our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality,common sense,and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children:“We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for10or15years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.”Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism.Its hero avoids being civilized, going to school and learning to read,so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect,according to Hofstadter,is different from native intelligence,a quality we reluctantly admire.Intellect is the critical,creative,and contemplative side of the mind.Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate,re-order,and adjust,while intellect examines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizes and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted.Hofstadter says our country’s educational system is in the grips of people who“joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”46.What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?A.The habit of thinking independently.B.Profound knowledge of the worldC.Practical abilities for future career.D.The confidence in intellectual pursuits.47.We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of_______.A.undervaluing intellectB.favoring intellectualismC.supporting school reformD.suppressing native intelligence48.The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are________.A.identicalB.similarplementaryD.opposite考试科目:翻译硕士英语科目代码：211适用专业:英语笔译49.Emerson,according to the text,is probably_______.A.a pioneer of education reformB.an opponent of intellectualismC.a scholar in favor of intellectD.an advocate of regular schooling50.What does the author think of intellect?A.It is second to intelligence.B.It evolves from common sense.C.It is to be pursuedD.It underlies power.Questions51to55are based on the following passage:There are good reasons to be troubled by the violence that spreads throughout the media.Movies, television and video games are full of gunplay and bloodshed,and one might reasonably ask what’s wrong with a society that presents videos of domestic violence as entertainment.Most researchers agree that the causes of real-world violence are complex.A1993study by the U.S.National Academy of Sciences listed“biological,individual,family,peer,school,and community factors”as all playing their parts.Viewing abnormally large amounts of violent television and video games may well contribute to violent behavior in certain individuals.The trouble comes when researchers downplay uncertainties in their studies or overstate the case for causality.Skeptics were dismayed several years ago when a group of societies including the American Medical Association tried to end the debate by issuing a joint statement:“At this time,well over1,000studies...point overwhelmingly to a causal connection between media violence and aggressive behavior in some children.”Freedom-of-speech advocates accused the societies of catering to politicians,and even disputed the number of studies(most were review articles and essays,they said).When Jonathan Freedman,a social psychologist at the University of Toronto,reviewed the literature,he found only200or so studies of television-watching and aggression.And when he weeded out“the most doubtful measures of aggression”,only28%supported a connection.The critical point here is causality.The alarmists say they have proved that violent media cause aggression.But the assumptions behind their observations need to be examined.When labeling games as violent or non-violent,should a hero eating a ghost really be counted as a violent event?And when experimenters record the time it takes game players to read‘aggressive’or‘non-aggressive’words from a list,can we be sure what they are actually measuring?The intent of the new Harvard Center on Media and Child Health to collect and standardize studies of media violence in order to compare their methodologies,assumptions and conclusions is an important step in the right direction.Another appropriate step would be to tone down the criticism until we know more.Several researchers write,speak and testify quite a lot on the threat posed by violence in the media.That is,of course,their privilege.But when doing so,they often come out with statements that the matter has now been settled,drawing criticism from colleagues.In response,the alarmists accuse critics and news reporters of being deceived by the entertainment industry.Such clashes help neither science nor society.考试科目:翻译硕士英语科目代码：211适用专业:英语笔译51.Why is there so much violence shown in movies,TV and video games?A.There is a lot of violence in the real world today.B.Something has gone wrong with today’s society.C.Many people are fond of gunplay and bloodshedD.Showing violence is thought to be entertaining.52.What is the skeptics(Line3,Paragraph3)view of media violence?A.Violence on television is a fairly accurate reflection of real-world life.B.Most studies exaggerate the effect of media violence on the viewers.C.A causal relationship exists between media and real-world violence.D.The influence of media violence on children has been underestimated53.The author uses the term“alarmists”(Line1,Paragraph5)to refer to those who________.e standardized measurements in the studies of media violenceB.initiated the debate over the influence of violent media on realityC.assert a direct link between violent media and aggressive behaviore appropriate methodology in examining aggressive behavior54.In refuting the alarmists,the author advances his argument by first challenging________.A.the source and amount of their dataB.the targets of their observationC.their system of measurementD.their definition of violence55.What does the author think of the debate concerning the relationship between the media andviolence?A.More studies should be conducted before conclusions are drawn.B.It should come to an end since the matter has now been settledC.The past studies in this field have proved to be misleading.D.He more than agrees with the views held by the alarmists.Questions56to60are based on the following passage:In the college-admissions wars,we parents are the true fighters.We are pushing our kids to get good grades,take SAT preparatory courses and build résumés so they can get into the college of our first choice.I've twice been to the wars,and as I survey the battlefield,something different is happening.We see our kids'college background as a prize demonstrating how well we've raised them. But we can't acknowledge that our obsession is more about us than them:So we've contrived various justifications that turn out to be half-truths,prejudices or myths.It actually doesn't matter much whether Aaron and Nicole go to Stanford.We have a full-blown prestige panic;we worry that there won't be enough prizes to go around. Fearful parents urge their children to apply to more schools than ever.Underlying the hysteria is the belief that scarce elite degrees must be highly valuable.Their graduates must enjoy more success because they get a better education and develop better contacts.All that is plausible—and mostly wrong.We haven't found any convincing evidence that selectivity or prestige matters.Selective schools考试科目:翻译硕士英语科目代码：211适用专业:英语笔译don't systematically employ better instructional approaches than less selective schools.On two measures—professors'feedback and the number of essay exams—selective schools do slightly worse.By some studies,selective schools do enhance their graduates'lifetime earnings.The gain is reckoned at2-4%for every100-point increase in a school's average SAT scores.But even this advantage is probably a statistical fluke.A well-known study examined students who got into highly selective schools and then went elsewhere.They earned just as much as graduates from higher-status schools.Kids count more than their colleges.Getting into Yale may signify intelligence,talent and ambition.But it's not the only indicator and,paradoxically,its significance is declining.The reason:so many similar people go elsewhere.Getting into college isn't life's only competition.In the next competition—the job market and graduate school—the results may change.Old-boy networks are breaking down.Princeton economist Alan Krueger studied admissions to one top Ph.D program.High scores on the GRE helped explain who got in;degrees of prestigious universities didn't.So,parents,lighten up.The stakes have been vastly exaggerated.Up to a point,we can rationalize our pushiness.America is a competitive society;our kids need to adjust to that.But too much pushiness can be destructive.The very ambition we impose on our children may get some into Harvard but may also set them up for disappointment.One study found that,other things being equal,graduates of highly selective schools experienced more job dissatisfaction.They may have been so conditioned to being on top that anything less disappoints.56.Why does the author say that parents are the true fighters in the college-admissions wars?A.They have the final say in which university their children are to attend？B.They know best which universities are most suitable for their children.C.They have to carry out intensive surveys of colleges before children make an application.D.They care more about which college their children go to than the children themselves.57.Why do parents urge their children to apply to more schools than ever?A.They want to increase their children's chances of entering a prestigious college.B.They hope their children can enter a university that offers attractive scholarships.C.Their children will have a wider choice of which college to go to.D.Elite universities now enroll fewer students than they used to.58．What does the author mean by saying"Kids count more than their college"(Line1,Paragraph4)?A.Continuing education is more important to a person's success.B.A person's happiness should be valued more than their education.C.Kids’actual abilities are more important than their college backgrounds.D.What kids learn at college cannot keep up with job market requirements.考试科目:翻译硕士英语科目代码：211适用专业:英语笔译59．What does Krueger's study tell us?A.Getting into Ph.D programs may be more competitive than getting into college.B.Degrees of prestigious universities do not guarantee entry to graduate programs.C.Graduates from prestigious universities do not care much about their GRE scores.D.Connections built in prestigious universities may be sustained long after graduation.60．One possible result of pushing children into elite universities is that______.A.they earn less than their peers from other institutionsB.they turn out to be less competitive in the job marketC.they experience more job dissatisfaction after graduationD.they overemphasize their qualifications in job applicationsPart III Writing(30points)Directions:Based on the information given below,please write an essay of about600words on the Answer Sheet.You have60minutes to plan,write,and revise your essay.If you could travel back in time or into the future,which would you choose and what exact period of time would you like to experience?Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice. Suggested title for the essay is:The Time MachineYou may use your own title if you like.。

2016年云南昆明理工大学翻译硕士英语考研真题A卷

2016年云南昆明理工大学翻译硕士英语考研真题A卷Part Ⅰ Vocabulary and Structure ( 30 points，1 for each )In this section, there are thirty incomplete sentences. For each sentence four alternatives are given. Decide which of the alternatives A, B, C or D best completes the sentence. Write the appropriate letter on the ANSWER SHEET.1.It is important to boost the morale of the soldiers as low morale can renderan army_______.A. impotentB. disabledC. sterileD. barren2.The Jacksons are shocked by the manager’s _______indifference to the sufferingsof the poor workmen.A. fragrantB. festeringC. flagrantD. ignorant3.After the eruption of the volcano there was a serious _____ of typhoid in thearea.A. outrageB. outcomeC. outbreakD. output4.The proposal was carried by a narrow _______.A. vergeB. marginC. rimD. fringe5. He seemed to have a (an) _______ of reasons not to take part in our research project.A. profusionB. multitudeC. abundanceD. pack6. Martin is considered one of the geniuses in our school but I think his paintings are quite ______.A. mediocreB. mediumC. moderateD. meager7 .The soldiers in the platoon shined their bayonets in _______ of the inspection by the general.A. contemplationB. preconceptionC. anticipationD. meditation8. My woolen sweater used to be bigger than this. It has ______ in the wash.A. shrunkB. shortenedC. reducedD. lessened9. Do you see __________ with James Degnan's point of view?A. back to backB. eye to eyeC. face to faceD. heart to heart10. John was sentenced to three months’ imprisonment because he tried to _____taxes by falsifying his returns.A. avoidB. escapeC. dodgeD. evade11.________, we shall go out for a picnic on MondayA. Weather permitsB. Weather permittedC. Weather permittingD. With weather to permit12.We think ________ possible for them to fulfill their task in a few weeks..A.itB. thatC. whatD. this13. Not until the game had begun ________ at the sports ground.A. should he have arrivedB. had he arrivedC. did he arriveD. would he had arrived14. There used to be a theater here years ago, ________.A. didn’t itB. usedn’t itC. didn’t there use toD. didn’t there15. With all the children ________ at home during the holidays, she had a great deal of work to do.A. beB. wereC. beenD. being16. The dying soldier had the message ________ straight to the headquarter.A. be sentB. being sentC. sentD. to be sent17. How close parents are to their children ________ a strong influence on the character of their children.A. havingB. haveC. hasD. to have18. There’s _________ when we shall meet again.A. no knowingB. not knowC. not to knowD. never knowing19. One of the requirements for a fire is that the material ________ to its burning temperature.A. heatedB. be heatedC. to be heatedD. being heated20. Kunming is usually cool in the summer, but Shanghai ________.A. is rarelyB. is hardlyC. rarely isD. hardly is21.All living creatures have some ______ that are passed on from one generation to the next.A. aspectsB. attributesC. propertiesD. faculties22.The lovely damsel of the court could not _______ the temptation of throwingglances of admiration upon the handsome young man.A. resistB. obstructC. conflictD. challenge23. It is hoped that the person on trail will be released through the _____ of the king’s daughter.A. interruptionB. interrogationC. interventionD.meditation24. When they were evicted for not paying the rent, they wept, wailed, and _________ their teeth.A. bitB. chewedC. gnashedD. munched25. Mr. Bright _______ down the stairs, trying not to disturb his roommates, buta creaking floorboard woke up his best friend, Tom.A. tiptoedB. limpedC. trudgedD. strutted26. Betty liked to have her clothes made to ______ but I preferred ready-made clothes.A. mediumB. measurementC. standardD. measure27. The whole area of national and local governments was subjected to a thorough financial_______ , and inefficiency and waste were attacked.A. surveyB. searchC. researchD. scrutiny28. In my younger and more _______ years my father gave me some advice that I’ve been turning over in my mind ever since.A. frailB. pregnableC. assailableD. vulnerable29. Formulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine________ that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization.A. arguedB. assertedC. entreatedD. accentuated30. As we all know, houses are __________ to be at rest with respect to the earthbut the earth itself is not motionless .A. resumedB. consumedC. assumedD. presumedPart II Reading Comprehension ( 40 points )Section A: In this section, there are three passages. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the BEST choices and then write the appropriate answer on the ANSWER SHEET. ( 30 points，2 for each )Passage 1According to a recent publication of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, at the present rate of progress, it will take forty-three years to end job discrimination-hardly a reasonable timetable.If our goal is educational and economic equity and parity, it is then we need affirmative action to catch up. We are behind as a result of discrimination and denial of opportunity. There is one white attorney for every 680 whites, but only one black attorney for every 4,000 blacks; one white physician for every 659 whites, but only one black physician for every 5,000 blacks; and one white dentist for every 1,900 whites, but only one black dentist for every 8,400 blacks. Less than 1 percent of all engineers or of all practicing chemists is black. Cruel and uncompassionate injustice created gaps like these. We need creative justice and compassion to help us close them.Actually, in the U.S. context, “reverse discrimination” is illogical and a contradiction in terms. Never in the history of mankind has a majority, with power, engaged in programs and written laws that discriminate against itself. The only thing whites are giving up because of affirmative action is unfair advantage, something that was unnecessary in the first place.Blacks are not making progress at the expense of whites, as news accounts make it seem. There are 49 percent more whites in medical school today and 64 percent more whites in law school than there were when affirmative action programs began some eighteen years ago.In a recent column, William Raspberry raised an interesting question. Commenting on the Bakke case, he asked, “What if, instead of setting aside 16 of 100 slots, we added 16 slots to the 100.” That, he suggested, would not interfere with what whites already have. He then went on to point out that this, in fact, is exactly what has happened in law and medical schools. In 1968, the year before affirmative action programs began to get under way, 9,571 whites and 282 members of minority groups entered U.S. medical schools. In 1976, the figures were 14,213 and 1,400 respectively. Thus, under affirmative action, the number of “white places” actually rose by 49 percent; white access to medical training was not diminished, but substantially increased. The trend was even more marked in law schools. In 1969, the first year for which reliable figures are available, 2,933minority-group members were enrolled; in 1976, the number was up to 8,484. But during the same period, law school enrollment for whites rose from 65,453 to 107,064, an increase of 64 percent. In short, it is a myth that blacks are making progress at white expense.Allan Bakke did not really challenge preferential treatment in general, for he made no challenge to the preferential treatment accorded to the children of the rich, the alumni and the faculty or to athletes or the very talented only to minorities.1. The author is for affirmative action __________.A. because it will take 43 years to end job discriminationB. because there is discrimination and denial of opportunity in the U.S.C. if we aim at educational and economic equity and parityD. when there is no reasonable timetable in the U.S.2. It requires ______ to close the gap between the whites and the blacks in the U.S.A. creative justice and compassionB. a lot more black engineers and chemistsC. education and economic developmentD.one black attorney for every 4,000 blacks3. Blacks are not making progress at the expense of whites, according to the author, because ________A. there are 49 percent more white in medical school today alreadyB. what whites give up is only unfair advantageC. there are 64 percent more whites in law schools todayD. whites, the majority in the U.S., will never discriminate against themselves4. William Raspberry, while commenting on the Bakke case, suggests ________ .A. to follow what has happened in law and medical schools.B. to interfere with what whites already have.C. to offer 84 slots to whites and 16 to blacks.D. to offer 100 slots to whites and 16 to blacks.5. According to the author, ________,A. Blacks are not making progress at white expense.B. Affirmative action is an effective way to end job discrimination.C. The things whites are giving up because of affirmative action are necessary.D. Under affirmative action, white access to medical training was diminished.Passage 2I have observed that the Americans show a less decided taste for general ideas than the French. This is especially true in politics.Although the Americans infuse into their legislation far more general ideas than the French, and although they strive more than the latter to adjust the practice of affairs to theory, no political bodies in the United States have ever shown somuch love for general ideas as the Constituent Assembly and the Convention in France. At no time has the American people laid hold on ideas of this kind with the passionate energy of the French people in the eighteenth century, or displayed the same blind confidence in the value and absolute truth of any theory.This difference between the Americans and the French originates in several causes, but principally in the following one. The Americans are a democratic people who have always directed public affairs themselves. The French are a democratic people who for a long time could only speculated on the best manner of conducting them. The social condition of the French led them to conceive very general ideas on the subject of government, while their political constitution prevented them from correcting those ideas by experiment and from gradually detecting their insufficiency; whereas in America the two things constantly balance and correct each other.It may seem at first sight that this is very much opposed to what I have said before, that democratic nations derive their love of theory from the very excitement of their active life. A more attentive-examination will show that there is nothing contradictory in the proposition.Men living in democratic countries eagerly lay hold of general ideas because they have but little leisure and because these ideas spare them the trouble of studying particulars. This is true, but it is only to be understood of those matters which are not the necessary and habitual subjects of their thoughts. Mercantile men will take up very eagerly, and without any close scrutiny, all the general ideas on philosophy, politics, science, or the arts which may be presented to them; but for such as relate to commerce, they will not receive them without inquiry or adopt them without reserve. The same thing applies to statesman with regard to general ideas in politics.If, then, there is a subject upon which a democratic people is peculiarly liable to abandon itself, blindly and extravagantly, to general ideas, the best corrective that can be used will be to make that subject a part of their daily practical occupation. They will then be compelled to enter into details, and the details will teach them the weak points of the theory. This remedy may frequently be a painful one, but its effect is certain.Thus it happens that the democratic institutions which compel every citizen to take a practical part in the government moderate that excessive taste for general theories in polities which the principle of equality suggests.6. Why do the Americans show less enthusiasm for general ideas than the French?A. In America, the constitution provides checks and balances.B. The French constitution did not allow for experiment.C. The social conditions in France led to different ideas.D. The Americans have always been in charge of their own public affairs.7. Some people in different democratic countries prefer general ideas because______.A. in politics it is easier to study general ideasB. general ideas on different subjects are more interestingC. they do not have time to address details.D. mercantile men prefer general ideas on philosophy, politics, science and the arts8. What does the writer think would inhibit people’s preference for general ideas?A. Teaching them the weak points of the theory.B. Encouraging them to take a practical part in their daily work practice.C. Trying to make them abandon those ideas.D. Compelling them to study details.9. The writer’s conclusion is that ________.A. people’s taste for general ideas can be diminished through taking a practicalpart in democratic institutionsB. general theories in politics should be the most important part of democracyC. citizens should be forced to take part in democratic institutionsD. the principle of equality must be paramount10. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. The Americans have a more decided taste for general ideas than the French.B. The Americans introduce far more general ideas into their legislation than the French.C. Some political bodies in the United States have shown so much love for generalideas as the Constituent Assembly and the Convention in France.D. The political constitution condition of the French is helpful for thecorrection of those ideas by experiment.Passage 3I have some difficulty in describing why I traveled to West Africa and what I was doing there, since the journey that become so complicated and took me to so many unexpected places seemed – in the beginning – to be so simple and so clearly defined. I went to Africa to find the roots of the blues. It had always been obvious that the blues sprang from a complex background, with much of it developing from the music of the long period of African slavery in the United States and with some of its harmonic forms and instrumental styles derived out of a broad European context. It had always been just as obvious that there were certain elements in the blues – in the singing style and in the rhythmic structures – that were not traceable to anything in the countryside of the American South. These things, it seemed to me, might have come from a distantly remembered African background, even if there had been such a lengthy period between the break in contact with Africa and the emergence of the blues in the 1890’s.In the beginning I planned simply to record the tribal singers of West Africa known as griots, since it was these musicians who seemed to come closest to what we know as a blues singer. They are from tribes that had many people taken to the southern states as slaves, and they usually sing alone, accompanying themselves for the most part on plucked string instruments. Since most African music is performed by village groups, and is often dominated by drumming, this practice initself is enough to set the groits apart. At the same time I hoped to collect from the singers narrative accounts of the first encounters between the Africans and the Europeans, told from the African viewpoint. I felt that this could give me a clearer picture of one of the factors that had shaped the early Black experience in the United States.Before leaving for Africa I’d spent months taking notes on the tribal groups and working with as much material on the griots as I could find. As I traveled I had a definite idea of where I wanted to go, but at the same time I had not planned the trip in anyway. I’ve always felt that to plan a trip too carefully is to make sure you won’t find out anything you don’t already know.I didn’t know, however, how much the simple trip I had begun would change direction once I’d come to Africa, almost as if it took on a life and a will of its own. I began to feel like someone who had bought a set of boxes that fit inside each other in a wooden nest. When I opened one there was another inside it, and inside that one was still another. I found so many boxes inside each other that the simple project I had begun with became a series of new perceptions, each of which was contained within the perception – the box – that I’d just opened. Sometimes, as I sat on sagging beds engulfed in mosquito nets, the space around me seemed to be filled with the myriad boxes of different sizes that my notebooks and tapes had come to symbolize.When I opened the box that was the music I’d come to record, I found that the box inside was slavery itself. There was no way that I could work with the music without taking into consideration how it had come to the United States. I also realized that this was one of the reasons I had come to Africa. I was trying to find traces of an experience, and not only that, I was looking for traces of an experience that had occurred hundreds of years before. Would what I found have any reality for me so many years afterwards?I understand now that this complex set of questions had already been there in my mind when I put the microphones and the tape recorded into my shoulder bag. I had always tried to have some conception of the slavery that had brought people from West Africa to the United States, even if I hadn’t seen, symbolically, that when I opened the box decorated with pictures of musicians and instruments inside it would be the next box, illustrated with old engravings of slave ships. I had come to Africa to find a kind of song, to find a kind of music and the people who performed it. But nothing can be taken from a culture without considering its context.11. The “singing style” and “ rhythmic structures” underlined in paragraph 1 is mentioned in order to ______.A. discuss why the blues have remained popular through the yearsB. identify aspects of the blues that present a historical enigmaC. argue that the American South had a profound influence on the musical structure of the bluesD. praise the musical complexity of a little-known art form12. The “narrative account” in paragraph 2 is viewed by the author primarily as ______.A. offering a useful perspective on a complex historical situationB. lending authenticity to an unusual form of musicC. contributing to a community’s sense of patriotismD. exhibiting the versatile nature of an art from13. The function of the first sentence in paragraph 4 (“I didn’t … own”) is to ______.A. indicate a significant turning point in the author’s research.B. suggest that the author’s initial hypothesis lacked validityC. reveal the author’s ability to adapt to a new environmentD. highlight the importance of the author’s thorough preparation.14. In context, the reference to “notebooks and tapes” at the end of paragraph4 primarily serves to ______.A. illustrate the technology required by the author’s researchB. underscore the author’s growing awareness of the scope of the undertakingC. suggest that few people appreciate the difficulty of writing historical narrativesD. describe the author’s success in collecting data that supports oral history15. The primary purpose of the passage is to describe the ______.A. author’s theory about the origins of slave music in the American SouthB. mental processes of a researcher considering an issue in music historyC. position of the griots in the musical culture of West AfricaD. various research techniques utilized by different musicologistsSection B: Read the following passage and answer the questions followed and write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. ( 10 points，2 for each )There is an immense and justified pride in what our colleges have done. At the same time there is a growing uneasiness about their product. The young men and women who carry away our degrees are a very attractive lot—in looks, in bodily fitness, in kindliness, energy, courage, and buoyancy. But what of their intellectual equipment? That too is in some ways admirable; for in spite of President Lowell’s remark that the university should be a repository of great learning, since the freshmen always bring a stock with them and the seniors take little away, the fact is that our graduates have every chance to be well informed, and usually are so. Yet the uneasiness persists. When the uneasiness becomes clearly and distinctly expressed, it takes the form of wishes that these attractive young products of ours had more intellectual depth and force, more freedom from trouble and worry in dealing with the different ideas, more of the firm, clear, quiet thoughtfulness that is so potent and so needed a guard against besetting humbug and quackery. The complaint commonly breaks itself up into a list of three particulars. Firstly, granting that our graduates know a good deal, their knowledge lies about in fragments and never gets welded together into the stuff of a tempered and mobile mind. Secondly, our university graduates have been so busy studying a certain narrow and particularsubject, acquiring special knowledge and skills, that in later life they have astonishingly little in common in the way of ideas, standards, or principles. Thirdly, it is alleged that as has been revealed in the past two decades, our university graduates have been singularly in want of clarity about the great aim of living, and only attached to the great aim of living can a life have significance and direction. Here are three grave charges against American education, and I want to discuss them briefly. My argument will be simple, perhaps too simple. What I shall contend is that there is a great deal of truth in each of them, and that the remedy for each is the same. The remedy is to infuse the educated with the philosophic habit of mind in a considerable way.Questions:1.Is the author’s point of view personal or impersonal? How do you know?2.Describe the kind of readers for whom you think this essay is intended.3.Which sentence expresses the author’s argument as a thesis statement? Writedown the sentence.4.The author moves from the general to the particular, a common way of opening.From which sentence in the paragraph does the author adjust his focus from the general to the particular? Write down the sentence.5. The paragraph falls into two roughly equal halves. Suppose the first had been omitted, and the paragraph had begun with "There are three principal complaints against our colleges. Firstly, …Secondly,…Thirdly…”This would have made a much briefer opening, yet one which told us all we really need to know about the subject and plan of the essay to follow. But this shorter version would not have been as good a beginning. What would it have sacrificed?Part Ⅲ Writing (30 points)Passengers will be banned from eating on Shanghai subway trains, though they are still allowed to eat in the stations, according to a new rule released by Shanghai's transport authority. Advocates said the policy will improve the carriage environment for commuters. However, some argue there’s good reason to eat on the train, more likely if an elderly passenger wants to drink water.Should passengers be banned from eating on the subway? Write a passage on the issue. You should clearly state your opinion and explain the reasons for your opinion.Your essay must be no less than 400 words and must be written on the ANSWER SHEET.。

2016年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2016年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingV ocabulary1．This liquid is highly______; it should be kept in a tightly stopped bottle.A．volatileB．volubleC．voluptuousD．voracious正确答案：A解析：本题考查形容词词义辨析。

根据主语liquid和空后的kept in a tightly stopped bottle推断，应该是易挥发的液体放在密闭的瓶子里，故答案为volatile，意为“(液体)易挥发的”。

voluble意为“(讲话)滔滔不绝的，流利的”。

voluptuous 意为“(女子)妖娆的，丰满的，性感的”。

voracious意为“贪吃的，食量大的；(对信息、知识)渴求的，求知欲极强的”。

2．The______workroom has not been used in years.A．bereftB．bustlingC．derelictD．stricken正确答案：C解析：本题考查形容词词义辨析。

bereft意为“感到失落的；完全没有的”。

bustling意为“(地方)繁忙的，热闹的”。

derelict意为“(建筑物或土地)破旧的，弃置的”，符合has not been used in years的语义，故为答案。

stricken意为“受煎熬的；患病的；遭受挫折的；遭受……的”。

3．He refused to see anyone and remained a______all his life.A．hereticB．fugitiveC．hermitD．veteran正确答案：C解析：本题考查名词词义辨析。

heretic意为“异教徒，异端分子”。

2016年广西民族大学考研真题211-翻译硕士英语A

广西民族大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试初试自命题科目试题（试卷代号：A卷）科目代码：211科目名称：翻译硕士英语适用学科专业：翻译硕士研究方向：英语笔译、英语口译命题教师签名：考生须知1．答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题上无效。

2．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔作答，用其它笔答题不给分。

3．交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭证）。

否则，产生的一切后果由考生自负。

Part I. Basic English Knowledge (30%)Section A: Multiple-choice (20 %)Directions: There are forty multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. On my way to the office, I saw a little girl standing in front of the shop window looking _____ at the toys inside.A. faintlyB. ferociouslyC. deliberatelyD. wistfully2. Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his _____ to a certain book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied.A. reactionB. commentC. impressionD. comprehension3. The branches could hardly _____ the weight of the fruit.A. retainB. sustainC. maintainD. remain4. With an eighty-hour week and little change or enjoyment, life must have been very _____ for the 19th-century worker.A. disinterestedB. dryC. wearyD. depressed5. The need for cash is forcing new graduates to take any job going, and many start their working life in _____, often menial jobs.A. momentaryB. mechanicalC. ashamedD. primeval6. The bus became _____ before they arrived, and many latecomers had to wait in a long queue.A. occupiedB. engagedC. packedD. filled7. Rosa was such a last-minute worker that she could never start writing a paper till the deadline was_____.A. approachB. recentC. problematicD. imminent8. Swarms of wasps are always invading my garden. They are a thorough ______.A. nuisanceB. disturbanceC. troubleD. annoyance9. The new airport will be ______ from all directions.A. availableB. accessibleC. obtainableD. achievable10. Now researchers are directing more attention to the social and cultural_____ that propelled university graduates into careers in management.A. implicationB. impulseC. atmosphereD. imminence11. The police have offered a large ____ for information leading to the robber’s arrest.A. awardB. compensationC. prizeD. reward12. For years she suffered from the _____ that her husband might come back to her.A. visionB. ideaC. imaginationD. illusion13. There has been a _____ lack of communication between the union and the management.A. regretfulB. regrettableC. regrettingD. regretted14.Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is _____ loud continuous noise.A. subjected toB. filled withC. associated withD. attached to15. My mother can’t get _____ because she has rheumatism.A. aboutB. onC. throughD. in16.The novel contains some marvelously revealing _____ of rural life in the 19th century.A. glancesB. glimpsesC. glaresD. gleams17.The pa rty’s reduced vote was _____ of lack of support for its policies.A. indicativeB. positiveC. revealingD. evident18. At three thousand feet, wide plains begin to appear, and there is never a moment when some distant mountain is not _____.A. on viewB. at a glanceC. on the sceneD. in sight19. Once a picture is proved to be a forgery, it becomes quite _____.A. invaluableB. pricelessC. unworthyD. worthless20. In the first few months of the war his army seemed ______, but soon it met its Waterloo.A. incredibleB. invisibleC. invidiousD. invincible21. _____ that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent.A. So clever are the construction robotsB. So clever the construction robots areC. Such construction robots are cleverD. Such clever construction robots are22. He felt ______ during the interview. And he failed to get the job.A. anything but wellB. nothing but wellC. something but wellD. none but well23. It is not uncommon for there _____ problems of communication between the old and the young.A .being B. would be C. be D. to be24. _____, I’ll marry him all the same.A. Was he rich or poorB. Whether rich or poorC. Were he rich or poorD. Be he rich or poor25. Sorry to have kept you waiting. You must have thought ______.A. we were not comingB. we are not comingC. we didn’t comeD. we should not come26. That was not the first time he _____ us. I think it’s high time we_____ strong actions against him.A. betrayed, takeB. had betrayed, tookC. has betrayed, tookD. has betrayed, take27. ______, he is ready to accept suggestions from different sources.A. Instead of his contributionsB. For all his notable contributionsC. His making notable contributionsD. However his notable contributions28. I am pleased with what you have given me and _____ you have told me.A. thatB. all thatC. whichD. about whatever29. ______ earlier, I could have done something to help.A. If I was informedB. Was I informedC. Had I been informedD. If I should be informed30. _____,he never alters a decision.A. Come what mayB. What may comeC. May what comeD. May come whatever31. The Minister of Finance is believed of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue.A. that he is thinkingB. to be thinkingC. that he is to thinkD. to think32. The heart is intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.A. not soB. not muchC. no moreD. much more33. The membership card entitled him _____ certain privileges in the club.A. onB. inC. atD. to34. I have never been to London, but that is the city_____.A. where I like to visit mostB. I’d most like to visitC. which I like to visit mostlyD. where I’d like most to visit35. He was ______to tell the truth even to his closest friend.A. too much of a cowardB. too much the cowardC. a coward enoughD. enough of a coward36. ______ wool that is produced in _____ Scotland is used to make sweaters and other garments.A. / ... theB. / ... /C. The ... theD. The ... /37. _____ I like economics, I like sociology much better.A. As much asB. So muchC. How muchD. Much as38. You cannot be ______ careful in making the decision as it was such a critical case.A. tooB. quiteC. veryD. so39. _____ enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in this field.A. GivingB. To giveC. GivenD. Being given40. Barry had an advantage over his mother he could speak French.A. since thatB. in thatC. at thatD. so thatSection B: Proofreading and Error Correction (10 %)Directions: The following passage contains 10 errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.People once widely believed that intelligent life existed onMars. The 19th century discover of what appeared to be 41. geometric designs cut across the surface was taken as evidence.The lines were thought to have been system of canals that had 42. been built to irrigate the surface. This is now clear that 43. “canals”—perhaps the most spectacular geologic features ofMars—are natural valleys which ancient rivers once flowed. 44.Other fragmented idea concerns the planet’s seasonal 45. changes in color. Once when attributed to the rapid spread of 46. some life-form, these shifts are now known to develop from themovement of fine dust in the atmosphere.By the close of the 20th century none of the manyexperiments were conducted by spacecraft had ever found 47. persuasive evidence of life. Furthermore, speculation continued 48. over the existence of some form of life, in either the presentand the past. In 1996 scientists discovered organic compounds 49. and minerals in a meteorite, consisted of Martian rock, 50. that collided with Earth around 11,000 BC. These compoundssuggest that Mars may have been inhabited by organisms morethan three billion years ago.Part II. Reading Comprehension (50 %)Section A (30 %)Directions: There are 3 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Department Store MagicFor most of the 20th century Smithson's was one of Britain's most successful department stores, but by the mid-1990s, it had become dull. Still profitable, thanks largely to a series of successful advertising campaigns, but decidedly boring. The famous were careful not to be seen there, and its sales staff didn't seem to have changed since the store opened in 1908. Worst of all, its customers were buying fewer and fewer of its own-brand products, the major part of its business, and showing a preference for more fashionable brands.But now all this has changed, thanks to Rowena Baker, who became Smithson's first woman Chief Executive three years ago. Since then, while most major retailers in Britain have been losing money, Smithson's profits have been rising steadily. When Baker started, a lot of improvements had just been made to the building, without having any effect on sales, and she took the bold decision to invite one of Europe's most exciting interior designers to develop the fashion area, the heart of the store. This very quickly led to rising sales, even before the goods on display were changed. And as sales grew, so did profits.Baker had ambitious plans for the store from the start. ‘We're playing a big game, to prove we're up there with the leaders in our sector, and we have to make sure people get that message. Smithson's had fallen behind the competition. It provided a traditional service targeted at middle-aged, middle-income customers, who'd been shopping there for years, and the customer base was gradually contracting. Our idea is to sell such an exciting variety of goods that everyone will want to come in, whether they plan to spend a little or a lot.' Baker's vision for the store is clear, but achieving it is far from simple. At first, many employees resisted her improvements because they just wouldn't be persuaded that there was anything wrong with the way they'd always done things, even if they accepted that the store had to overtake its competitors. It took many long meetings, involving the entire workforce, to win their support. It helped when they realized that Baker was a very different kind of manager from the ones they had known.Baker's staff policies contained more surprises. The uniform that had hardly changed since day one has now disappeared. Moreover, teenagers now get young shop assistants, and staffs in the sports departments are themselves sports fans in trainers. As Baker explains, ‘How can you sell jeans if you're wearing a black suit? Smithson's has a new identity, and this needs to be made clear to the customers.' She's also given every sales assistant responsibility for ensuring customer satisfaction, even if it means occasionally breaking company rules in the hope that this will help company profits.Rowena Baker is proving successful, but the City's big investors haven't been persuaded. According to retail analyst, John Matthews, ‘Money had already been invested in refurbishment of the store and in fact that led to the boost in sales. She took the credit, but hadn't done anything to achieve it. And in my view the company's shareholders are not convinced. The fact is that unless she opens several more stores pretty soon, Smithson's profits will start to fall because turnover at the existing store will inevitably start to decline.'51. According to the writer, in the mid-1990s Smithson's department storeA. was making a loss.B. had a problem keeping staff.C. was unhappy with its advertising agency.D. mostly sold goods under the Smithson's name.52. According to the writer, Smithson's profits started rising three years ago because ofA. an improvement in the retailing sector.B. the previous work done on the store.C. Rowena Baker's choice of designer.D. a change in the products on sale.53. According to Rowena Baker, one problem which Smithson's faced when she joined was thatA. the number of people using the store was falling slowly.B. its competitors offered a more specialized range of products.C. the store's prices were set at the wrong level.D. customers were unhappy with the service provided.54. According to the writer, many staff opposed Baker's plans becauseA. they were unwilling to change their way of working.B. they disagreed with her goals for the store.C. they felt they were not consulted enough about the changes.D. they were unhappy with her style of management.55. Baker has changed staff policies because she believes thatA. the corporate image can be improved through staff uniforms.B. the previous rules were not fair to customers.C. customers should be able to identify with the staff serving them.D. employees should share in company profits.Passage TwoQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.The Affect of Electricity on CancerCan electricity cause cancer? In a society that literally runs on electric power, thevery idea seems preposterous. But for more than a decade, a growing band of scientists and journalists has pointed to studies that seem to link exposure to electromagnetic fields with increased risk of leukemia and other malignancies. The implications are unsettling, to say the least, since everyone comes into contact with such fields, which are generated by everything electrical, from power lines and antennas to personal computers and micro-wave ovens. Because evidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory, it has been hard to decide whether concern about the health effects of electricity is legitimate—or the worst kind of paranoia.Now the alarmists have gained some qualified support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In the executive summary of a new scientific review, released in draft form late last week, the EPA has put forward what amounts to the most serious government warning to date. The agency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence “suggests a causal link” between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields—those having very long wave-lengths—and leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer, While the report falls short of classifying ELF fields as probable carcinogens, it does identify the common 60-hertz magnetic field as “a possible, but not proven,cause of cancer in humans.”The report is no reason to panic—or even to lost sleep. If there is a cancer risk, it is a small one. The evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the Bush Administration, and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and the White House. But now no one can deny that the issue must be taken seriously and that much more research is needed.At the heart of the debate is a simple and well-understood physical phenomenon: When an electric current passes through a wire, it generates an electromagnetic field that exerts forces on surrounding objects, For many years, scientists dismissed any suggestion that such forces might be harmful, primarily because they are so extraordinarily weak. The ELF magnetic field generated by a video terminal measures only a few mill gauss, or about one-hundredth the strength of the earth’s own magnetic field, The electric fields surrounding a power line can be as high as 10 kilovolts per meter, but the corresponding field induced in human cells will be only about 1 mill volt per meter. This is far less than the electric fields that the cells themselves generate.How could such minuscule forces pose a health danger? The consensus used to be that they could not, and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful kinds of radiation, like X-rays, that pack sufficient wallop to knock electrons out of the molecules that make up the human body. Such “ionizing” radiations have been clearly linked to increased cancer risks and there are regulations to control emissions.But epidemiological studies, which find statistical associations between sets of data, do not prove cause and effect. Though there is a body of laboratory work showing that exposure to ELF fields can have biological effects on animal tissues, a mechanism by which those effects could lead to cancerous growths has never been found.The Pentagon is for from persuaded. In a blistering 33-page critique of the EPA report, Air Force scientists charge its authors with having “biased the entire document” toward proving a link. “Our reviewers are convinced that there is no suggestion that (electromagnetic fields) present in the environment induce or promote cancer,” the Air Force concludes. “It is astonishing that the EPA would lend its imprimatur on this report.”Then Pentagon’s con cern is understandable. There is hardly a unit of the modern militarythat does not depend on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment, from huge ground-based radar towers to the defense systems built into every warship and plane.56. The main idea of this passage isA. studies on the cause of cancer.B. controversial view-points in the cause of cancer.C. the relationship between electricity and cancer.D. different ideas about the effect of electricity on cancer.57. The view-point of the EPA isA. there is casual link between electricity and cancer.B. electricity really affects cancer.C. controversial.D. low frequency electromagnetic field is a possible cause of cancer.58. Why did the Pentagon and Whit House object to the release of the report?BecauseA. it may stir a great deal of debate among the Bush Administration.B. every unit of the modern military has depended on the heavy use of some kind ofelectronic equipment.C. the Pentagon’s conc ern was understandable.D. they had different arguments.59. It can be inferred from physical phenomenonA. the force of the electromagnetic field is too weak to be harmful.B. the force of the electromagnetic field is weaker than the electric field that thecells generate.C. electromagnetic field may affect health.D. only more powerful radiation can knock electron out of human body.60. What do you think ordinary citizens may do after reading the different arguments?A. They are indifferent.B. They are worried very much.C. The may exercise prudent avoidance.D. They are shocked.Passage ThreeQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Knowledge economyThere have long been markets in tin, cocoa, silver and the like. There used to be securityin thinking that somewhere there was a product, something you could touch and see. Now thereare new markets in abstractions, trade in ideas and knowledge. Everyone has knowledge but there used to be no way to trade it—except through jobs. That simple fact of economic life was the basis for white collar employment for centuries. The whole job culture grew upbecause there was no alternative way to sell knowledge, other than the worker or manager providing, for a fixed price, his or her knowledge to an employer to own or control. The quantity of knowledge provided has typically been measured in time.But today we stand at the threshold of a new era. The information economy has matured and become smarter. According to many business commentators, we are now living in a knowledge economy .There has always been a market for knowledge, of course. The publishing industry is based on it. But today the internet is making the distribution of knowledge ever easier. The days when the publisher decided what got published are over. Anyone with a PC and a modem can talk to the world. This is reducing the friction in the knowledge economy.Everyone has knowledge of whatever industry she or he is in. say you are a computer dealer, for example. Over the years you have compiled a list of the ten best lowest price places to buy wholesale computer equipment. Now you can sell your knowledge to newer, younger computer dealers who have no way to build up this knowledge without losing thousands of pounds finding it out the hard way. Until now, such knowledge remained securely locked in the recipient’s head, accumulated and then worthlessly withered away. This no longer needs to be the case. Such knowledge can be sold via websites.Knowledge has a distinct advantage in today’s marketplace. It’s a renewable resource. Better yet, it’s worth actually increases. “Knowledge is the only asset that grows with use,” observes Stanford University Professor Paul Romer. But what exactly is knowledge and h ow can it be packaged to trade on an open market? “Knowledge is experiential information, intelligence applied thorough and gained from experience,” say Joseph Pine and James Gilmore in their book The Experience Economy.The value of knowledge often depends on variables such as time and the credibility of the seller. Certain knowledge may have a very limited shelf life. In sights concerning how to set up an internet business in one country, might be worth a fortune on one day and nothing the next, depending on changes in government policy. Markets in knowledge will be significance for one thing. They represent one of the most original uses of the web technology. In some corner of the globe there is a company wanting to source plastic widgets from Poland, and somewhere else another company that wishes to set up a plastics factory there. It’s simply a case of connecting the two. is a good example of a knowledge trader. It is targeted at food service managers throughout the hospitality indu stry. “We started with the context rather than extracting money from suppliers,” explains founder Mike Day, “we offer food service professionals interactive support to increase sales and profits. People don’t want another one-dimensional site full of adver tising that doesn’t help them to do their job more effectively. It has to be customized offering real solutions to real problems.” The site’s features include access to online training and a tariff tracker to restaurants can check prices throughout the sector.61. What point is made in the first paragraph?A. Interest in commodity markets has decreased.B. Overall levels of expertise have improved.C. Opportunities to exploit your knowledge were limited in the past.D. External market forces have meant knowledge is underpriced.62. In the third paragraph, what does the writer say about knowledge?A. Acquiring knowledge can be expensive.B. The most valuable knowledge concerns IT.C. Trading knowledge raises issues of security.D. New businesses find it hard to trade in knowledge.63. What point is made about knowledge in the fourth paragraph?A. It provides specialist information.B. Its appeal lies in its exclusivity.C. it can generate new ideasD. Its value accumulates.64. Which application of knowledge does the writer regard as particularly useful?A. analyzing manufacturing trendsB. introducing compatible partiesC. interpreting time constraintsD. advising on legislation65. What key feature is provided by ?A. approaches that reflect the provider’s own experienceB. access to appropriately trained potential employeesC. advice which directly benefits the bottom lineD. advertising which is carefully targetedSection B: Cloze (20 %)Please fill in blanks 66 to 85 of the following passage. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But __66__some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __67__short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, __68_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __69__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __70___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.__71_, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __72__, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__73___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _ 74__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of __75___ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. __76___one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ___77___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry __78__they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also ___79___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __80___muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __81__ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile –or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __82___ expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles __83__ more exuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, __84__ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __85__ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.66. A. among B. except C. despite D. like67. A. reflect B. demand C. indicate D. produce68. A. stabilizing B. boosting C. impairing D. determining69. A. transmit B. sustain C. evaluate D. observe70. A. measurable B. manageable C. affordable D. renewable71. A. In turn B. In fact C. In addition D. In brief72. A. opposite B. impossible C. average D. expected73. A. hardens B. weakens C. tightens D. relaxes74. A. aggravate B. generate C. moderate D. enhance75. A. physical B. mental C. subconscious D. internal76. A. Except for B. According to C. Due to D. As for77. A. with B. on C. in D. at78. A. unless B. until C. if D. because79. A. exhausts B. follows C. precedes D. suppresses80. A. into B. from C. towards D. beyond81. A. fetch B. bite C. pick D. hold82. A. disappointed B. excited C. joyful D. indifferent83. A. adapted B. catered C. turned D. reacted84. A. suggesting B. requiring C. mentioning D. supposing85. A. Eventually B. Consequently C. Similarly D. ConverselyPart III. Writing (20 %)Directions: Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic:Some people believe that success in life comes from taking risks or chances. Others believe that success results from careful planning. In your opinion, what does success come from? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.。

2016年武汉科技大学357英语翻译基础考研真题A卷_真题-无答案

2016年武汉科技大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（A卷）(总分150,考试时间180分钟)Part One Phrase TranslationDirections: This part consists of two sections. In the following two sections you are supposed to translate 30 technical terms, abbreviations or proper names, either from English to Chinese or from Chinese to English, within 60 minutes.Section A English to Chinese15 points1. disposable income2. malicious software3. asylum application4. air filtration face masks5. community nursing service6. fabricate academic credentials7. eco-friendly toilet8. sperm banks9. solicit public opinion10. to buy for the thrill of the bargain11. The Lord of the Flies12. Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)13. pragmatic anti-corruption cooperation14. post-disaster recovery15. removal of papersSection B Chinese to English15 points16. 《水浒传》17. 中国“十三五”规划18. 亚洲基础设施投资银行19. 生态文明20. 秦腔21. 颜控22. 秀恩爱23. 抗日民族统一战线24. 依法治国25. 政府权力清单26. 入乡随俗27. “三步走”战略28. 新常态29. 健康稳定的大国关系框架30. 全国人口普查Part Two Passage TranslationDirections: This part consists of two sections. In the following two sections you are supposed to translate one English passage into Chinese and one Chinese passageinto English within 120 minutes.Section A English to Chinese60 points31. Often the technologies that reshape daily life sneak up on us, until suddenly one day it's hard to imagine a world without them--instant messaging, for example, or microwave ovens. Other watershed technologies are visible a mile away, and when you contemplate their applications, the ultimate social impact looks enormous. A good example of the latter is radio frequency identification chips--RFID, for short.An RFID chip is a tiny bit of silicon, smaller than a grain of rice, that carries information--anything from a retail price, to cooking instructions, to **plete medical records. A larger piece of equipment called an RFID "reader" can, without direct contact, pull that information off the chip and in turn deliver it to any electronic device--a cash register, a video screen, a home appliance, even directly onto the Internet. RFID is the technology used now to automate toll taking at bridges and tunnels; drivers are given a small plastic box with an RFID chip inside, allowing them to drive through the tollgates without stopping. An RFID reader in the tollbooth senses the information on the chip and the toll is automatically deducted from the driver's account.The first wide-scale applications of RFID will be in retail. At a major industry conference next week, Wal-Mart is expected to urge its suppliers to adopt RFID--the same way that, twenty years ago, the giant retailer jump-started the use of bar codes. And some manufacturers are already on board. Gillette, for example, recently placed an order for half a billion RFID chips that they will begin to use to track individual packages of razors.（264 words）Section B Chinese to English60 points32. 第二种虚假的旅行，取为了谈话资料而旅行，以便事后可以夸说。

2016年湖南师范大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2016年湖南师范大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingV ocabulary1．The doctors don’t______that he will live much longer.A．articulateB．anticipateC．manifestD．monitor正确答案：B解析：本题考查动词的词义辨析。

分析句子结构可知，空后的that引导的是宾语从句，四个动词中能接that从句作宾语的只有anticipate(预见，预料)，且从句谓语用将来时态，故答案为[B]项。

articulate意为“清楚地表达(思想或感情)”，常用于articulate sth．(to sb．)。

manifest意为“显示，表明，证明”，常用于manifest sth．(in sth．)。

monitor意为“监控，监视，监听”。

句意为：医生预计他不会活很长时间。

2．The______on this apartment expires in a year’s time.A．treatyB．leaseC．engagementD．subsidy正确答案：B解析：本题考查名词的词义辨析。

treaty意为“(国家之间的)条约，协定”；lease意为“租约，租契，出租协议”，根据横线后的介词短语on this apartment 提示答案为[B]项。

engagement意为“约会，约定；婚约”。

subsidy意为“津贴，补助金”，常与介词for连用。

3．The two most important______in making a cake are flour and sugar.A．elementsB．constituentsC．componentsD．ingredients正确答案：D解析：本题考查名词的词义辨析。

2016年中国海洋大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2016年中国海洋大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Writing 7. Cloze TextV ocabulary1．The great ballplayer and civil rights leader Jackie Robinson was the______of both physical and moral strength.A．epitomeB．episodeC．animosityD．apotheosis正确答案：A解析：本题考查名词辨析。

epitome意为“典型；缩影”，主语为人或事物，符合句意“伟大的棒球运动员及民权运动领袖杰基．罗宾森是体育和道德力量的典范”，故为答案。

episode意为“插曲；片段”。

animosity意为“憎恨，仇恨，敌意”。

apotheosis为强干扰项，意为“典型，典范，榜样”，主语须为物，故排除。

空前的Jackie Robinson(杰基·罗宾森)表示人，故从语义上判断，一个人不能是“插曲”“仇恨”或“鼎盛时期”，故只epitome符合。

2．Those vicious Hollywood reporters often______movie stars, forever damaging their public images.A．absolveB．applaudC．impairD．malign正确答案：D解析：本题考查动词辨析。

根据空后的forever damaging their public images(老是损害他们的公众形象)判断，那些恶毒的好莱坞记者经常中伤电影明星，故答案为malign(诽谤，中伤，污蔑)。

absolve意为“免除……的过失，解除……的责任”。

applaud意为“向……鼓掌，向……喝彩；称赞，赞许”。

impair意为“损害，损伤，削弱”。

2016年南京师范大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷.doc

2016年南京师范大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(总分：74.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.I can't decide what to do. I'll ______it and let you know tomorrow.（分数：2.00）A.sleep forB.sleep offC.sleep onD.sleep out of2.In the ______of the hurricane, many people's homes were destroyed.（分数：2.00）A.resultB.aftermathC.consequenceD.upshot3.In the light from the hall, her hair had a golden______.（分数：2.00）A.gleamB.glistenC.glimmerD.glare4.To my mind, Mark Twain was ______the large man of his time.（分数：2.00）A.beyond the questionB.beyond questionC.beyond the doubtD.out of the question5.The ______that democracies do not fight each other is based on a tiny historical sample.（分数：2.00）A.propagationB.prepositionC.proposalD.proposition6.The roof ______under the weight of the snow.（分数：2.00）A.fellB.submergedC.collapsedD.descended7.Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete "With urbanization the ______between rich and poor sharpened"?（分数：2.00）A.grudgeB.antagonismC.detestationD.hatred8.The moon was casting a rainbow through the ______from the waterfall.（分数：2.00）A.spreadB.sprayC.scatterD.strew9.His family was subjected to a (n) ______attack by the gang.（分数：2.00）A.tediousB.hideousC.evilD.notorious10.The country was on the ______of becoming prosperous and successful.（分数：2.00）A.brimB.rimC.edgeD.verge11.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?（分数：2.00）A.All his lectures are very interesting.B.Half their savings were gone.C.Many his friends came to the party.D.Both his sisters are nurses.12.Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete "We've seen the film______"?（分数：2.00）A.beforeB.recentlytelyD.yet13.______should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work.（分数：2.00）A.To be not tallB.Not being tallC.Being not tallD.Not to be tall14.They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as______.（分数：2.00）A.it could beB.could beC.it wasD.was15.The following are all correct responses to "Who told the news to the teacher?" EXCEPT______.（分数：2.00）A.Jim did thisB.Jim did soC.Jim did thatD.Jim did16.In his plays, Shakespeare ______his characters live through their language.（分数：2.00）A.would makeB.had madeC.has madeD.makes17.The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times ______the size of St. Peter's in Rome.（分数：2.00）A./B.that ofC.which isD.of18.______dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.（分数：2.00）A.AlthoughB.WhateverC.AsD.However19.If only I ______play the guitar as well as you!（分数：2.00）A.wouldB.couldC.shouldD.might20.The party, ______I was the guest of honor, was extremely enjoyable.（分数：2.00）A.by whichB.for whichC.to whichD.at which二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：3，分数：32.00)Yet the difference in tone and language must strike us, so soon as it is philosophy that speaks; that change should remind us that even if the function of religion and that of reason coincide, this function is performed in the two cases by very different organs. Religions are many, reason one. Religion consists of conscious ideas, hopes, enthusiasms, and objects of worship; it operates by grace and flourishes by prayer. Reason, on the other hand, is a mere principle or potential order, on which indeed we may come to reflect but which exists in us ideally only, without variation or stress of any kind. We conform or do not conform to it; it does not urge or chide us, not call for any emotions on our part other than those naturally aroused by the various objects which it unfolds in their true nature and proportion. Religion brings some order into life by weighting it with new materials. Reason adds to the natural materials only the perfect order which it introduces into them. Rationality is nothing but a form, an ideal constitution which experience may more or less embody. Religion is a part of experience itself, a mass of sentiments and ideas. The one is an inviolate principle, the other a changing and struggling force. And yet this struggling and changing force of religion seems to direct man toward something eternal. It seems to make for an ultimate harmony within the soul and for an ultimate harmony between the soul and all that the soul depends upon. Religion, in its intent, is a more conscious and direct pursuit of the Life of Reason than is society, science, or art, for these approach and fill out the ideal life tentatively and piecemeal, hardly regarding the goal or caring for the ultimate justification of the instinctive aims. Religion also has an instinctive and blind side and bubbles up in all manner of chance practices and intuitions; soon, however, it feels its way toward the heart of things, and from whatever quarter it may come, veers in the direction of the ultimate. Nevertheless, we must confess that this religious pursuit of the Life of Reason has been singularly abortive. Those within the pale of each religion may prevail upon themselves, to express satisfaction with its results, thanks to a fond partiality in reading the past and generous draughts of hope for the future; but any one regarding the various religions at once and comparing their achievements with what reason requires, must feel how terrible is the disappointment which they have one and all prepared for mankind. Their chief anxiety has been to offer imaginary remedies for mortal ills, some of which are incurable essentially, while others might have been really cured by well-directed effort. The Greek oracles, for instance, pretended to heal out natural ignorance, which has its appropriate though difficult cure, while the Christian vision of heaven pretended to be an antidote to our natural death — the inevitable correlate of birth and of a changing and conditioned existence. By methods of this sort little can be done for the real betterment of life. To confuse intelligence and dislocate sentiment by gratuitous fictions is a short-sighted way of pursuing happiness. Nature is soon avenged. An unhealthy exaltation and a one-sided morality have to be followed by regrettable reactions. When these come, the real rewards of life may seem vain to a relaxed vitality, and the very name of virtue may irritate young spirits untrained inand natural excellence. Thus religion too often debauches the morality it comes to sanction and impedes the science it ought to fulfill. What is the secret of this ineptitude? Why does religion, so near to rationality in its purpose, fall so short of it in its results? The answer is easy; religion pursues rationality through the imagination. When it explains events or assigns causes, it is an imaginative substitute for science. When it gives precepts, insinuates ideals, or remoulds aspiration, it is an imaginative substitute for wisdom —I mean for the deliberate and impartial pursuit of all good. The condition and the aims of life are both represented in religion poetically, but this poetry tends to arrogate to itself literal truth and moral authority, neither of which it possesses. Hence the depth and importance of religion becomes intelligible no less than its contradictions and practical disasters. Its object is the same as that of reason, but its method is to proceed by intuition and by unchecked poetical conceits.（分数：10.00）(1).As used in the passage, the author would define "wisdom" as______.（分数：2.00）A.the pursuit of rationality through imaginationB.an unemotional search for the truthC.a purposeful and unbiased quest for what is bestD.a short-sighted way of pursuing happiness(2).Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?（分数：2.00）A.Religion seeks the truth through imagination, reason, in its search, utilizes the emotions.B.Religion has proved an ineffective tool in solving man's problems.C.Science seeks a piecemeal solution to man's questions.D.The functions of philosophy and reason are the same.(3).According to the author, science differs from religion in that______.（分数：2.00）A.it is unaware of ultimate goalsB.it is unimaginativeC.its findings are exact and finalD.it resembles society and art(4).The author states that religion differs from rationality in that______.（分数：2.00）A.it relies on intuition rather than reasoningB.it is not concerned with the ultimate justification of its instinctive aimsC.it has disappointed mankindD.it has inspired mankind(5).According to the author, the pursuit of religion has proved to be______.（分数：2.00）A.imaginativeB.a provider of hope for the futureC.a highly intellectual activityD.ineffectualIn some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence —as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us. The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lieare finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social program. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law. Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other's problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. "Talk, talk, talk," the advocates of violence say, "all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser." It's rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. "Possible, my lord," the barrister replied, "none the wiser, but surely far better informed." Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the best title for this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Advocating Violence.B.Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.C.Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.D.The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.(2).Recorded history has taught us______.（分数：2.00）A.violence never solves anythingB.nothingC.the bloodshed means nothingD.everything(3).It can be inferred that truly reasonable men______.（分数：2.00）A.can't get a hearingB.are looked down uponC.are persecutedD.have difficulty in advocating law enforcement(4)." He was none the wiser" means______.（分数：2.00）A.he was not at all wise in listeningB.he was not at all wiser than nothing beforeC.he gains nothing after listeningD.he makes no sense of the argument(5).According the author the best way to solve race prejudice is______.（分数：2.00）w enforcementB.knowledgeC.nonviolenceD.mopping up the violent messA bilingual person is someone who speaks two languages. A person who speaks more than two languages is called "multilingual" (although the term "bilingualism" can be used for both situations). Multilingualism isn't unusual; in fact, it's the norm for most of the world's societies. It's possible for a person to know and use three, four, or even more languages fluently. People may become bilingual either by acquiring two languages at the same time in childhood or by learning a second language sometime after acquiring their first language. Many bilingual people grow up speaking two languages. Often in America such people are the children of immigrants; these childrengrow up speaking their parents' native language in their childhood home while speaking English at school. Many bilinguals, however, are not immigrants; it is not uncommon for people born in the U. S. to speak English at school or work and another language at home. Children can also become bilingual if their parents speak more than one language to them, or if some other significant person in their life (such as a grandparent or caretaker) speaks to them consistently in another language. Sometimes a child will grow up in a household in which each parent speaks a different language; in that case, the child may learn to speak to each parent in that parent's language. In short, a young child who is regularly exposed to two languages from an early age will most likely become a fluent native speaker of both languages. The exposure must involve interaction;a child growing up in an English-speaking household who is exposed to Spanish only through Spanish-language television won't become a Spanish-English bilingual, but a child who is regularly spoken to in both English and Spanish will. It is also possible to learn a second language sometime after early childhood, but the older you get, the harder it is to learn to speak a new language as well as a native speaker. Many linguists believe there is a "critical period" (lasting roughly from birth until puberty) during which a child can easily acquire any language that he or she is regularly exposed to. Under this view, the structure of the brain changes at puberty, and after that it becomes harder to learn a new language. This means that it is much easier to learn a second language during childhood than as an adult. In some countries, nearly everybody is bilingual or multilingual. In parts of India, for example, a small child usually knows several languages. In many European countries, children are encouraged to learn a second language —typically English. In fact, the U. S. is quite unusual among the countries of the world in that many of its citizens speak only English, and they are rarely encouraged to become fluent in any other language. There is no evidence to suggest that it's any harder for a child to acquire two languages than it is for the child to acquire one language. As long as people are regularly speaking with the child in both languages, the child will acquire them both easily. A child doesn't have to be exceptional or have any special language ability to become bilingual; as long as the child is exposed to two languages throughout early childhood, he or she will acquire them both. Some people worry that learning more than one language is bad for a child, but nothing could be further from the truth. In fact, there are a lot of advantages to knowing more than one language. First, many linguists feel that knowing a second language actually benefits a child's cognitive development. Second, if the child comes from a family that has recently immigrated to the U. S. , the family may speak a language other than English at home and may still have strong ties to their ethnic roots. In this case, being able to speak the language of the family's ethnic heritage may be important for the child's sense of cultural identity. To be unable to speak the family's language could make a child feel like an outsider within his or her own family; speaking the family's language gives the child a sense of identity and belonging. Third, in an increasingly global marketplace, it's an advantage for anyone to know more than one language — regardless of whether one's family is new to the U. S. And finally, for people of any age or profession, knowing a second language encourages cross-cultural awareness and understanding. Some people may wonder whether bilingualism in America threatens the English language. Well, English is in no danger of disappearing any time soon; it is firmly established both in America and in countries throughout the world. In fact, no language has ever held as strong a position in the world as English does today. Some people worry when they see Spanish showing up on billboards and pay phones, but in a neighborhood with a high Spanish-speaking population, it makes perfectly good sense for public information and instructions to be printed in both English and Spanish. This doesn't mean that the English language is in danger. The truth is that there will probably always be immigrants in the U. S. , coming from a wide variety of countries, who cannot speak English but whose grandchildren and great-grandchildren will end up being native English speakers. The reason for this is, again, the fact that it is much easier for children to learn another language than itis for adults. Adults who immigrate to the U. S. , especially later in life, may never really become fluent in English. It's not that they don't want to speak English; it's simply much more difficult for them to learn it well. Their children, however, will be able to pick up English easily from their friends and the society around them. These second-generation immigrants, the children of the adult immigrants, are likely to be bilingual, speaking their parents' language at home and English at school and in the English-speaking community. When they grow up and have children of their own, those children —the third generation —will most likely speak only English, both at home with their bilingual parents and in the English-speaking community. Thisthree-generation pattern has been repeating itself for many years, through wave after wave of immigrants. Many adults today who speak only English can remember grandparents andgreat-grandparents who spoke very little English, who instead spoke mostly Polish, Italian, German, or Swedish — the language of the country they grew up in. In sum, bilingualism isn't a danger either to the English language or to the bilingual speakers themselves. On the contrary, there are many advantages to bilingualism, both for the individual and for the society as a whole. English enjoys tremendous dominance in the U. S. and in the world. But if history is any indication, there will always be people in the U. S. who cannot speak English — and they will have grandchildren who do. Answer the following questions:（分数：12.00）(1).How can people be bilingual?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(2).What is the importance of "interaction" in the process of being bilingual?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(3).In what way are the Americans "quite unusual" (Paragraph 4)?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(4).According to the text, is it harder for a child to acquire two languages than it is for him to acquire only one language? Why or why not?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(5).Is it important for children of immigrants to learn their native language? Why or why not?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(6).Why does the author believe that bilingualism in the U. S. will not threaten the English language?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________三、Writing(总题数：1，分数：2.00)21.It is said that "There is no remedy for love but to love more." Do you agree with this opinion? Write an essay of about 500 words to state your view. In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with details including any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, language and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。

2016年中山大学_翻译硕士英语真题试卷_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

2016年中山大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(总分112, 做题时间90分钟)1. Vocabulary1.Is this the museum ______the exhibition was held last month?SSS_SINGLE_SELA whereB thatC on whichD which该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：本题考查定语从句。

题干中主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，可用副词where，又因in the museum词组，可用“介词in＋which”引导地点状语。

[C]项中的介词on用的不对，所以选[A]项，转变成肯定句为：This is the museum where the exhibition was held last month．2.After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced______tractors this year as the year before.SSS_SINGLE_SELA as twice manyB as many twiceC twice as manyD twice many as该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:C解析：本题考查倍数表达法。

根据选项可知，本题采用的是“…times＋as＋形容词／副词的原级＋as…”结构，tractors是可数名词，用形容词many修饰。

句意为：引进新技术后，工厂今年生产的拖拉机数量是前一年的两倍，故选[C]项。

3.The International Law of the Sea Conference is an attempt ______major difference among countries with conflicting interests.SSS_SINGLE_SELA resolvingB to resolveC having resolvedD to have resolved该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：本题考查非谓语动词。

桂林电子科技大学2016年考研试题211翻译硕士英语(2016-A)

桂林电子科技大学2016年研究生统一入学考试试题科目代码：211 科目名称：翻译硕士英语请注意：答案必须写在答题纸上（写在试题上无效）。

I. Vocabulary and Grammar (30 marks)Multiple Choice QuestionsDirections: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best fits the blank or best paraphrases the underlined word or words to complete each statement. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.1. He knows that Iran -- which has not started a war in modern history -- poses no_______ military threat to the United States.A. conceivableB. imaginableC. considerableD. forceful2. Many Chinese are fascinated by the US and it remains a top _______ for China’s young people to study.A. opportunityB. destinationC. targetD. route3. Late in the morning, we stopped where some other boats_______ in the shadows of the cliffs and jumped in for a swim.A. were anchoredB. were placedC. were attachedD. were stopped4. The way they _______ on their instruments always had melody laced in with these great guitar parts.A. constructB. writeC. workD. compose5. The girl's aunt told the police station that her niece is constantly _______ by the incident and "won't sleep by herself."A. scaredB. worriedC. shockedD. haunted6. Citizens are _______ by their government to denounce criminals, though 98.5 per cent ofcriminal investigations are never solved.A. exhortedB. exhaustedC. exertedD. excused7. We have also not _______ the subtleties of mutant screens or details of phenotypes as thesetopics have been covered in detail by a large number of excellent reviews.A. put onB. written onC. doneD. dwelt on8. Still, Canada has moved over the years _______ savings from taxation – in order to encourageinvestment – while taxing consumption.A. to spendB. to spareC. to expendD. to extend9. Due to the fact that universities can not enroll all the candidates, _______ to university iscompetitive.A．admission B．affidavit C．admiration D．allegiance10. The villagers were _______ by the news of the criminal's release from the prison.A．indignant B．puzzled C．overjoyed D．elusive11. Each individual expresses his opinion in the group by where he stands when a lot of people _______ together in a chat.A．squeeze B．stick C．pad D．cluster12. But later my hair began to fall _______, and my belly turned to water.A．off B. out C. through D. away13. At last this intermezzo _______, and I found myself in front of the gigantic City Hall.A. came to an endB. came to the endC. came to endD. came to ending14. Since he had never been in such a situation before, his apprehension was understandable.In this sentence “apprehension” means _______.A. eagernessB. fearC. hesitationD. excitement15. He tarried to tell his hostess how much he had enjoyed the party. In this sentence “tarried”means _______.A. neglectedB. attemptedC. lingeredD. struggled16. During the owners’ absence, the lawn became dreadfully _______.A. sloppyB. slipshodC. slovenlyD. unkempt17. She is looking for a more _______ place to live in.A. congenialB. congressionalC. congaingD. cognizant18. The patient read about car racing and experienced _______ thrills.A. repulsiveB. elusiveC. vicariousD. covetous19. Can you vouch for Fred’s integrity?A. withdrawB. denyC. believeD. attest to20. The newspaper tabulation will show how each precinct voted.A. chartB. tabooC. tactD. ratio21. The landlord threw them out because they hadn’t paid their rent for six months.A. evictedB. dischargedC. demolishedD. dismissed22. His apparel showed him to be a successful man.A. clothingB. confidenceC. answerD. manner23. Your mood seems very meditative this evening.A. gleefulB. thoughtfulC. desperateD. stern24. John was forced to make an extemporaneous speech.A. sharpB. foolishC. offhandD. critical25.He survey presents a useful classification of statistical data.A. breakupB. breakthroughC. breakdownD. breakaway26. You may be athletic, but a monkey is more agile.A. cleverB. nimbleC. stupidD. quick27. The picture is tilted; please straighten it.A. highB. levelC. crookedD. adjustable28. If it goes on to _______ its responsibilities, then the British government must act immediatelyin its place.A. disciplineB. abdicateC. bashD. challenge29. They tell the people in their community not to store apples in the refrigerator because freshfruit like apples is _______.A. perishableB. vanishingC. exquisiteD. fickle30. When she called me a thief, I decided to sue her for _______.A. ridiculeB. scandalC. slanderD. encumberII. Reading Comprehension (40 marks)Multiple Choice QuestionsDirections: In this section, there are reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.Passage AThe purpose of the home was to rehabilitate patients as far as possible, so that they could face the harsh realities of life outside hospital. Most of them not only suffered from some form of nervous disease but had other handicaps as well. (There were those who were deaf, those who were partially blind, and those who were partially paralyzed.) For most of them, the hospital had been their refuge for some time and the idea of being rehabilitated was somewhat frightening. They doubted their own capabilities, and were nervous of the effort which would be required from them.The home contains within a research unit which is mainly concerned with overcoming the technical problems which arise from the patient’s physical disabilities. Full rehabilitation involves a need for a patient to be as independent as possible physically. It is in the research center that all types of electronic equipment are pioneered, much of it exceedingly delicate and complex. One of the things I found astonishing as I watched what was going on in the workshop was the ease with which the patients became accustomed to the equipment. This of course has the dual effect of making them physically independent and giving then the psychological satisfaction of having mastered a difficult problem. And this extra confidence is, of course, a further step towards rehabilitation.While I was there, I was fortunate enough to be able to talk to a couple of patients (or rather ex-patients) who had been fully rehabilitated and who had come back for the weekend to visit their friends. One, a former physical education teacher who suffered from paralysis from the waist down, was now teaching general studies in a primary school. After his accident, he told me, he had had a complete nervous breakdown and had indeed tried to commit suicide several times. “But when I got here, I realized that there were still some things I could do, and that there were people worse off than me who were out in the world doing them,” he said.” Yes, I expect I shall get depressions again. You can’t completely cure that kind of thing. But they’ll pull me out of it, at least I know that now.” I asked him if he felt that everyone in the home could be rehabilitated. “Well, of course, one can’t really. There are some people in here with really terrible problems. But I should say that about 70% of them will be fully rehabilitated by this time next year.” And that is a fantastic claim, from my observation of what is going on, may well be substantiated.Multiple Choice Questions (10 marks)1. The “home” in this passage refers to _______.A. the hospitalB. the place away from realityC. the research centerD. the refuge camp2. The word “rehabilitate” (Line 1, Para. 1) probably means _______.A. overcome physical disabilitiesB. train to get used to a new situationC. restore to relatively normal lifeD. cure nervous diseases3. The research unit aims to help people to _______.A. gain confidence about their abilitiesB. become physically independentC. solve difficult problemsD. make complex electronic equipment4. Which of the following is true about the teacher mentioned in this passage?A. He was aware that he was more fortunate than others.B. He was cured of his paralysis.C. He thought highly of the rehabilitation place.D. He had a traffic accident and almost committed suicide.5. The author thinks that the teacher’s claim of the percentage of full rehabilitation is _______.A. pessimisticB. groundlessC. underestimatedD. optimisticPassage BIf you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that's God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor.”If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don't succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.Multiple Choice Questions (10 marks)6. To make your humor work, you should _______.A. take advantage of different kinds of audienceB. make fun of the disorganized peopleC. address different problems to different peopleD. show sympathy for your listeners7. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are _______.A. impolite to new arrivalsB. very conscious of their godlike roleC. entitled to some privilegesD. very busy even during lunch hours8. It can be inferred from the text that public services _______.A. have benefited many people.B. are the focus of public attention.C. are an inappropriate subject for humor.D. have often been the laughing stock.9. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered _______.A. in well-worded languageB. as awkwardly as possibleC. in exaggerated statementsD. as casually as possible10. The best title for the text may be _______.A. Use Humor EffectivelyB. Various Kinds of HumorC. Add Humor to SpeechD. Different Humor StrategiesPassage CThe fox really exasperated them both. As soon as they had let the fowls out, in the early summer mornings, they had to take their guns and keep guard; and then again as soon as evening began to mellow, they must go once more. And he was so sly. He slid along in the deep grass; he was difficult as a serpent to see. And he seemed to circumvent the girls deliberately. Once or twice March had caught sight of the white tip of his brush, or the ruddy shadow of him in the deep grass, and she had let fire at him. But he made no account of this. The trees on the wood edge were a darkish, brownish green in the full light—for it was the end of August. Beyond, the naked, copper like shafts and limbs of the pine trees shone in the air. Nearer the rough grass, with its long, brownish stalks all agleam, was full of light. The fowls were round about—the ducks were still swimming on the pond under the pine trees. March looked at it all, saw it all, and did not see it. She heard Banford speaking to the fowls in the distance—and she did not hear. What was she thinking about? Heaven knows. Her consciousness was, as it were, held back. She lowered her eyes, and suddenly saw the fox. He was looking up at her. His chin was pressed down, and his eyes were looking up. They met her eyes. And he knew her. She was spellbound—she knew he knew her. So he looked into her eyes, and her soul failed her. He knew her, he has not daunted. She struggled; confusedly she came to herself, and saw him making off, with slow leaps over some fallen boughs, slow, impudent jumps. Then he glanced over his shoulder, and ran smoothly away. She saw his brush held smooth like a feather; she saw his white buttocks twinkle. And he was gone, softly, soft as the wind.She put her gun to her shoulder, but even then pursed her mouth, knowing it was nonsense to pretend to fire. So she began to walk slowly after him, in the direction he had gone, slowly and pertinaciously. She expected to find him. In her heart she was determined to find him. What she would do when she saw him again she did not consider. But she was determined to find him. So she walked abstractedly about on the edge of the wood, with wide, vivid dark eyes, and a faint flush in her cheeks. She did not think. In strange mindlessness she walked hither and thither... As soon as supper was over, she rose again to go out, without saying why. She took her gun again and went to look for the fox. For he had lifted his eyes upon her, his knowing look seemed to have entered her brain. She did not so much think of him: she was possessed by him. She saw his dark, shrewd, unabashed eye looking into her, knowing her. She felt him invisibly master her spirit. Sheknew the way he lowered his chin as he looked up, she knew his muzzle, the golden brown, and the grayish white. And again she saw him glance over his shoulder at her, half inviting, half contemptuous and cunning. So she went, with her great startled eyes glowing, her gun under her arm, along the wood edge. Meanwhile the night fell, and a great moon rose above the pine trees…Multiple Choice Questions (10 marks)11. At the beginning of the story, the fox seems to the all EXCEPT _______.A. cunningB. fierceC. defiantD. annoying12. As the story proceeds, March begins to feel under the spell of _______.A. the lightB. the treesC. the nightD. the fox13. Gradually March seems to be in a state of _______.A. blanknessB. imaginationC. sadnessD. excitement14. At the end of the story, there seems to be a sense of ____ between March and the fox.A. detachmentB. angerC. intimacyD. conflict15. The passage creates an overall impression of _______.A. mysteryB. horrorC. livelinessD. contemptPassage DIn every known human society the male's needs for achievement can be recognized. In a great number of human societies men's sureness of their sex role is tied up with their right, or ability, to practice some activity that women are not allowed to practice. Their maleness in fact has to be underwritten by preventing women from entering some field or performing some feat.This is the conclusion of the anthropologist Margaret Mead about the way in which the roles of men and women in society should be distinguished.If talk and print are considered it would seem that the formal emancipation of women is far from complete. There is a flow of publications about the continuing domestic bondage of women and about the complicated system of defenses which men have thrown up around their hitherto accepted advantages, taking sometimes the obvious form of exclusion from types of occupation and sociable groupings, and sometimes the more subtle form of automatic doubt of the seriousness of women's pretensions to the level of intellect and resolution that men, it is supposed, bring to the business of running the world.There are a good many objective pieces of evidence for the erosion of men's status. In the first place, there is the widespread postwar phenomenon of the woman Prime Minister, in India, Sri Lanka and Israel.Secondly, there is the very large increase in the number of women who work, especially married women and mothers of children. More diffusely there are the increasingly numerous convergences between male and female behavior: the approximation to identical styles in dress and coiffure, the sharing of domestic tasks, and the admission of women to all sorts of hitherto exclusively male leisure-time activities.Everyone carries round with him a fairly definite idea of the primitive or natural conditions of human life. It is acquired more by the study of humorous cartoons than of archaeology, but that does not matter since it is not significant as theory but only as an expression of inwardly felt expectations of people's sense of what is fundamentally proper in the differentiation between the roles of the two sexes. In this rudimentary natural society men go out to hunt and fish and to fight off the tribe next door while women keep the fire going. Amorous initiative is firmly reserved to the man, who sets about courtship with a club.Multiple Choice Questions (10 marks)16. The phrase “men's sureness of their sex role” in the first paragraph suggests that they _______.A. are confident in their ability to charm womenB. take the initiative in courtshipC. have a clear idea of what is considered “manly”D. tend to be more immoral than women are17. The third paragraph does NOT claim that men _______.A. prevent women from taking up certain professionsB. secretly admire women's intellect and resolutionC. doubt whether women really mean to succeed in businessD. forbid women to join certain clubs and societies18. The third paragraph _______.A. generally agrees with the first paragraphB. has no connection with the first paragraphC. repeats the argument of the second paragraphD. contradicts the last paragraph19. At the end of the last paragraph the author uses humorous exaggeration in order to _______.A. show that men are stronger than womenB. carry further the ideas of the earliest paragraphsC. support the first sentence of the same paragraphD. disown the ideas he is expressing20. The usual idea of the cave man in the last paragraph _______.A. is based on the study of archaeologyB. illustrates how people expect men to behaveC. is dismissed by the author as an irrelevant jokeD. proves that the man, not woman, should be the wooerIII. Writing (30 marks)Directions: In many countries children are engaged in some kind of paid work. Some people regard this as completely wrong, while others consider it as valuable work experience, important for learning and taking responsibility.What are your opinions on this?Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.Write an essay of about 400 words on the above topic entitled:________________________________________on the answer sheet.。

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贵州财经大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试
《英语翻译基础》试题A卷
I. Translate the following terms into Chinese. (15 points, 1 point each)
1.IOC2.ASEAN
3.SARS4.GNP
5.MOOC6.IELTS
7.G20 Summit8.genderequality
1．保税区2．中美旅游年
3．温饱问题4．科学发展观
5．高考6．“一带一路”
7．民主集中制8．搬迁户9．简政放权10． Nhomakorabea国统一战线
11．优势互补12．全面二孩政策
13．雾霾14．扩大内需
15．全国人民代表大会常务委员会
III. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (60 points)
Progress in U.S.-China Economic Relations
China’s stunning economic growth over the past three decades has lifted hundreds of millions of Chinese out of poverty and thrustChinainto global markets as the second-largest economy and world’s leading exporter. China’s foreign trade has grown over six-fold since joining the WTO in 2001, due in large part to its “Going Out” strategy, which was launched in 1999 to encourage investment abroad. TheUnited Stateswelcomes a strong, prosperous, and successfulChinathat plays a key role in world affairs and adheres to international standards. And we are counting onChina’s leadership to help meet the many challenges confronting the global economy. It is worth noting that when President Nixon first visitedChinaforty years ago, the U.S.-China economic relationship was nonexistent.China’s economic policies were of little or no consequence to our domestic economy – nor did our economic policies have any effect on theirs.
9.Foxconn10.real estate
11.London Stock Exchange12.par value
13.cyberterrorism14.sighttranslation
n Infrastructure Investment Bank
II. Translate the following terms into English. (15 points, 1 point each)
Today the situation is very different.
In 2011, theUnited Statesimported $399 billion in goods fromChinaand exported $103 billion toChina– a nearly four-fold increase in imports and a five-fold increase in exports in the 10 years sinceChinajoined the WTO in 2001. And while theUnited StatesandChinashare many common interests – and the relationship has produced a number of mutual benefits – we must also recognize the several areas on which our positions diverge and where we do not prioritize the same values. What drove growth inChinaover the past 40 years is not likely to drive it over the next 40 years, so to address differences, and build on common interests, our economic relations over the next 40 years may need to be framed differently than in the past 40 years. Importantly, we must identify areas whereU.S.interests andChina’s interests converge.
I want to share a few thoughts with you today about the current state of the bilateral economic relationship, as well as some views on the opportunities and challenges ahead.