2016考研英语翻译模拟练习题(1)
2016考研英语翻译练习真题
我们之前说过，复习考研英语要注重真题，在记忆词汇和练习阅读理解、翻译题的时候要结合真题做搭配记忆，并辅以相应的练习，下面我们就以真题为例，从中摘取出容易出现的考点，不妨参考下尚考考研为大家从真题里摘取易考的考点。
The Tang Dynasty was the peak of Chinese classicalpoetry and many distinguished poets and poetryappeared during this period of less than 300years.Up till now，over 50，000 poems and 2，000poets of the Tang Dynasty have been well-knownamong people.The best-known poets during the Tang Dynasty are Li Bai and Du Fu. Beingindependent and full of talent，Li Bai created a great many poems to praise the wonderfulmountains and brilliant rivers.Du Fu's rough experiences when he was young made him knowbetter about the darkness society and the people's sufferings.The most popular Tang poemscollection might be the 300 Tang Poems compiled by the scholar Sun Zhu of the QingDynasty.Tang poetry has had an ongoing influence on world literature and modern poetry.参考翻译唐代是中国古典诗歌的鼎盛时期，在不到300年的时间里，产生了许多著名的诗人和诗作。
2016考研英语(一)真题及答案详细解析
Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, __1__those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can __2__ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to __3__the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may take the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. __4__, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. __5__ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying __6__ a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, __7__1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and __8__ prayers of blessing. Par--ts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,__9__cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists, and __10__a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the __11__. Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may__12__ with them up to a year, __13__they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to __14__, but not common. Divorced persons are __15__ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__up. The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can remarry __20__the woman must wait ten months.1. A. by way of B. with regard to C. on behalf of D. as well as2. A. decide on B. provide for C. compete with D. adapt to3. A. close B. arrange C. renew D. postpone4. A. In theory B. Above all C. In time D. For example5. A. Unless B. Less C. After D. Although6. A. into B. within C. from D. through7. A. or B. since C. but D. so8. A. test B. copy C. recite D. create9. A. folding B. piling C. wrapping D. tying10. A. passing B. lighting C. hiding D. serving11. A. association B. meeting C. collection D. union12. A. deal B. part C. grow D. live13. A. whereas B. until C. for D. if14. A. avoid B. follow C. challenge D. obtain15. A. isolated B. persuaded C. viewed D. exposed16. A. wherever B. whatever C. whenever D. however17. A. changed B. brought C. shaped D. pushed18. A. invested B. divided C. donated D. withdrawn19. A. warms B. clears C. shows D. breaks20. A. while B. so that C. once D. in that1.[标准答案] [D]as well as[考点分析] 本题考察逻辑关系[选项分析] 因为考察逻辑关系，所以需要我们先对填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：文章身处大环境not only…..but also之中，这是一个明显的并列关系，表示“不仅……而且……”该空与前一句“his parents and his friends”也是并列关系，表示“与他本人以及伴侣的父母朋友相关”所以答案只能是D. as well as.A. by way of通过B. with regard to 关于C. on behalf of 代表2.[标准答案] [A] decide on[考点分析] 上下文语义[选项分析] 根据该句的主语a young man与宾语a likely spouse的关系，答案只能是A. decide on 决定。
2016考研英语(一)翻译真题参考译文及考点详细解析
2016考研英语（一）翻译真题参考译文及考点详细解析来源：文都教育2016考研英语（一）翻译真题和往年相比，难度下降了很多，基本上没有出现难词和难句，各位考生朋友只要把每个句子的采分点把握好，拿到一半的分数是不在话下的。
下面文都教育把每个句中详细的考点解析如下，以供同学们参考。
46. We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.【解析】分号前后两个分句，mentally healthy 精神健康/心理健康，it 指代心理健康。
【译文】我们不必学习如何保持健康的心理；它与生俱来，正如我们的身体知道如何让伤口痊愈，如何让骨折好转。
47. Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.【解析】分号和but前后连接三个并列的分句，第二个分句和第三个分句均出现被动语态，即can be hidden，being restored, 处理的时候，一定不能出现“被”，译为“人们看不到”；“有能力恢复”。
【译文】健康的心理其实一直都在我们身边；正如乌云背后的太阳，人们有时会看不见它，但是它完全有能力立刻回来。
48. Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are.【解析】with sympathy, with kindness, with unconditional三个结构并列，其后都跟出一个从句充当状语的成分，前两个结构后引出if 引导的条件句，第三个后引出no matter who引出的让步状语从句，按照汉语的表达习惯状语要前置，另外还需注意的是词性的转换，sympathy,kindness, love 全部名词动词化，由原来的名词译为动词，即“同情他人”，“善待他人”，“给他们以爱”。
2016考研英语：段落翻译练习及解析 (1)
2016考研英语：段落翻译练习及解析2016考研英语的长难句的相关知识学到现在，不知道各位考生掌握的如何，在实际操作的时候，大家可以依然是先分句翻译，然后根据上下文与段落整体逻辑进行整合串联。
下面就给举几个真题的段落供大家练习并进行解析。
【真题例举】Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that's perpetually half fall. But that's exactly the kind of falsecheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn't recommend. "Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality." says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and what doesn't. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn't matter.【参考译文】大多数人愿意把乐观定义为无尽的欢乐，就像一只总是装着半杯水的杯子。
2016考研模拟试题一(英语一+英语二)
绝密启用前2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试卷考生注意事项1. 答题前，考生应按照准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考生编号”等信息。
2. 客观题答案填涂按照答题卡上的要求用2B 铅笔完成。
如需改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。
英译汉和写作部分必须用（蓝）黑色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔在答题卡上做答。
字迹要清楚。
3. 考试结束，将答题卡和试题册交回。
Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text．Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1．(10 points)Business and government leaders also consider the inflation rate to be an important general indicator. Inflation is a period of increased __1__ that causes rapid rises in prices. __2__ your money buys fewer goods so that you get __3__for the same amount of money as before, inflation is the problem. There is a general rise __4__the price of goods and services. Your money buys less. Sometimes people describe inflation as a（n）__5__ when “a dollar is not worth a dollar anymore.”Inflation is a problem for all consumers. People who live on a fixed income are hurt the __6__. Retired people, for instance, cannot __7__ on an increase in income as prices rise. Elderly people who do not work face serious problems in stretching their incomes to __8__ their needs in time of inflation. Retirement income __9__any fixed income usually does not rise as fast as prices. Many retired people must cut their spending to __10__rising prices. In many cases they must stop __11__some necessary items, such as food and clothing. Even __12__ working people whose incomes are going up, inflation can be a problem. The __13__of living goes up, too. People who work must have even more money to keep up their standard of living. Just buying the things they need costs more. When incomes do not keep __14__with rising prices, the standard of living goes down. People may be earning the same amount of money, but they are not living __15__they are not able to buy as many goods and services.Government units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes __16__the rate of change can be determined. A price index measures changes in prices using the price for a __17__year as the base. The base price is set __18__100, and the other prices are reported as a __19__ of the base price. A price index makes it possible to compare current prices of typical consumer goods, __20__, with prices of the same goods in previous years.1. [A]spending [B]demanding [C]consuming [D]saving2. [A]Before [B]Unless [C]Since [D]When3. [A]much [B]little [C]more [D]less4. [A]in [B]on [C]at [D]to5. [A]chance [B]time [C]moment [D]occasion6. [A]best [B]lest [C]most [D]worst7. [A]rely [B]rest [C]depend [D]count8. [A]meet [B]obtain [C]care [D]acquire9. [A]or [B]and [C]excluding [D]including10. [A]live up to [B]catch up to [C]put up with [D]keep up with11. [A]to buy [B]buying [C]having bought [D]from buying12. [A]for [B]to [C]of [D]if13. [A]price [B]level [C]cost [D]standard14. [A]race [B]pace [C]speed [D]step15. [A]in case [B]until [C]because [D]as such16. [A]in which [B]from which [C]of which [D]by which17. [A]last [B] definite [C]fixed [D] given18. [A]on [B]by [C]at [D]against19. [A] portion [B] percentage [C]proportion [D]fraction20. [A] by contrast [B] what‟s more [C]for example [D]likeSection 11 Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts．Answer the questions below each text by choosing A，B，C，or D．Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1．(40 points)Text lMany parents complain that their teenage children are rebelling．They greet their children's teenage with needless dread. While teenagers may assault us with heavy-metal music, wear strange clothes，have strange hair styles．and spend all their time dating or meeting friends，such behavior scarcely adds up to full-scale revolt.Take a good look at the present rebellion．It seems that teenagers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents．Instead of striking out boldly on their wings，most of them are clutching at one another‟s hands for reassurance．Their reason for thinking or acting in thus-and-such a way is that the crowd is doing it．It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way．They have come out of their cocoon——into a larger cocoon·Teenage rebellion，according to psychologist Laurence Steinberg，coauthor of You and Y our Adolescent，has been greatly overstated．Many other psychologists agree. The idea that teenagers inevitably rebel is a myth that has the potential for great family harm．This notion can damage communication during this critical time for parents to influence youngsters·Still adolescence is often a trying time of transition for child and parent. Teenagers need to establish themselves as individuals——in their own minds and in the eyes of others. Th is search isn‟t about rebellion：it's about becoming a person of one‟s own. “Teenagers ought to be growing away from their parents and learning tostand on their own two feet,” says Steinberg.Here is one way parents can help：don‟t stereotype. “Parents who expect teenage rebellion ma y actually stir it up.” says Kenneth I. Howard，a member of a research team that collected survey data on more than 20, 000 teenagers over a 28-year period．Howard cautions parents not to resort to suppression at the first sight of adolescent independence，fearful that giving in even slightly now means drugs cannot be far behind．When parents overreact，teenagers assert themselves more，parents clamp down harder，and a full-scale blowup results．In fact，psychologists say that there is no inevitable pattern to teenage behavior，and no such creature as a typical teenager. Your teenager is now larger，stronger, older and smarter than before，with an additional supply of hormone raging through the bloodstream．But he or she is still the same human being you have lived with since birth. Given a chance，your son or daughter will continue to behave in ways you have established．21. According to the writer，parents‟ fear for their children‟s teenage is______·[A]ridiculous [B]unnecessary[C]unreasonable [D]sensible22．“A larger cocoon” as mentioned in Paragraph 2 refers to the situation that_____．[A ] teenagers disagree with their parents[B] teenagers want to be independent[C] teenagers cannot escape from the popularity wave[D]teenagers need support from their fellow teenagers23．Overstating teenage rebellion will lead to the following consequences EXCEPT______．[A] it can do harm to the family[B] it can damage parents‟ influence[C] it can prevent teenagers from being individuals[D] it can impair teenagers‟ ability to make correct judgment24．According to the psychologists，it is beneficial for parents to______．…[A] show fear [B] use suppression[C] clamp down harder [D] treat teenagers as they used to25．The text is meant to_______．[A] advise the parents how to get along with their teenagers[B] discuss teenage rebellion and ways to cope with it[C] introduce psychologists‟ views on teenage behaviors[D] clarify the misconception about teenage rebellionText 2Human relations have commanded people‟s attention from early times. The ways of people have been recorded in innumerable myths, folktales, novels, poems, plays, and popular or philosophical essays. Although the full significance of a human relationship may not be directly evident, the complexity of feelings and actions that can be understood at a glance is surprisingly great. For this reason psychology holds a unique position among the sciences．“Intuitive”knowledge may be remarkably penetrating and can significantly help us understand human behavior whereas in the physical sciences such common sense knowledge is relatively primitive．If we erased all knowledge of scientific physics from our world，not only would we not have cars and television sets, we might even find that the ordinary person Was unable to cope with the fundamental mechanical problems of pulleys and levers. On the other hand，if we removed all knowledge of scientific psychology from our world, problems in interpersonal relations might easily be coped with and solved much as before．We would still “know” how to avoid doing something asked of us and how to get someone to agree with us；we would still “know”when someone was angry and when someone was pleased．One could even offer sensible explanations for the “whys‟‟of much of the self‟s behavior and feelings．In other words，the ordinary person has a great and profound understanding of the self and of other people which，though unformulated or only vaguely conceived，enables one to interact with others in more or less adaptive ways．Kohler in referring to the lack of great discoveries in psychology as compared with physics，accounts for this by saying that “people were acquainted with pra ctically all territories of mental life a long time before the founding of scientific psychology.”Paradoxically, with all this natural，intuitive，commonsense capacity to grasp human relations，the science of human relations had been one of the last to develop．Different explanations of this paradox have been suggested．One is that science would destroy the vain and pleasing illusions people have about themselves；but we might ask why people have always loved to read pessimistic，debunking writings，from Ecclesiastes to Freud．It has also been proposed that just because we know so much about people intuitively，there has been less incentive for studying them scientifically：why should one develop a theory，carry out systematic observations，or make predictions about the obvious? In any case，the field of human relations，with its vast literary documentation but meager scientific treatment，is in great contrast to the field of physics in which there are relatively few nonscientific books．26. Which of the following claims of the passage supports the author's argument that “psychology holds a u nique position among the sciences”(Line 4-5, Para.1)?[A]The study of common sense in the physical sciences is relatively advanced．[B]The full meaning of a human relationship may not be obvious．[C]Psychology plays an important role in modem science and technology．…[D]Intuitive understanding of human behaviors can be clear and precise．27．According to the passage，which of the following could be safely drawn about the people who lived beforethe coming of scientific psychology?[A]They think much of investigating of interpersonal relationship．[B]Knowledge of the physical science was not very attractive for them．[C]They pay much attention to correctly handle human relationship．[D]Their intuitions about human relations were reasonably sophisticated．28．The author suggests that common sense knowledge of human relations is______．[A]usually biased due to the fact that it is based on myths and folktales[B]generally accurate enough to facilitate interactions with each other[C]equally well developed among every adult within a given society[D]typically unrelated to an individual‟s interactions with other people29．The author uses Ecclesiastes and Freud (Line 5，Para.3) as examples in order to_____．[A]find a satisfactory explanation to the human relations in their books[B]show the growing tendency to ignore scientific explanations of human relations[C]challenge the first analysis on the underdevelopment of the science of human relations[D]prove the unwillingness of people to abandon the pleasing fantasy in their mind30．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?[A]Intuition couldn‟t explain the motive of one‟s behavior．[B]Scientific psychology seems to be the most advanced subject．[C]The scientific method is difficult to apply to psychology．[D]Some believe that the obvious deserves no scientific study．Text 3If you are anything like me，you left the theater after Sex and the City 2 and thought，there ought to be a law against a looks-based culture in which the only way for 40-year-old actresses to be compensated like 40-year-old actors is to have them look and dress like the teenage daughters of 40-year-old actors．Meet Deborah Rhode，a Stanford law professor who proposes a legal regime in which discrimination on the basis of looks is as serious as discrimination based on gender or race．In a provocative new book，The Beauty Bias，Rhode lays out the case for all America in which appearance discrimination is no longer allowed．That means Hooters can't fire its servers for being too heavy，as allegedly happened last month to a waitress in Michigan who says she received nothing but excellent reviews but weighed 1 32 pounds．Rhode is at her most persuasive when arguing that in America，discrimination against unattractive women and short men is as pernicious and widespread as bias based on race，sex，age，ethnicity, religion，and disability．Rhode cites research to prove her point：1 1 percent of surveyed couples say they would abort a fetuspredisposed toward obesity．College students tell surveyors they'd rather have a spouse who is an embezzler，drug user，or a shoplifter than one who is obese．And all of this is compounded by a virtually unregulated beauty and diet industry and soaring rates of elective cosmetic surgery．Rhode reminds us how Hillary Clinton and Sonia Sotomayor were savaged by the media for their looks，and says it's no surprise that Sarah Palin paid her makeup artist more than any member of her staff in her run for the vice presidency．And the problem with making appearance discrimination illegal is that Americans just really，really like hot girls．And so long as being a hot girl is deemed a bona fide occupational qualification，there will be cocktail waitresses fired for gaining three pounds．It‟s not just American men who like things this way．The truth is that women feel good about competing in beauty pageants．To put it another way，appearance bias is a massive societal problem with tangible economic costs that mostof us--perhaps especially women---perpetuate each time we buy a diet pill or sneer at fat women．This doesn‟t mean we shouldn‟t work toward eradicating discrimination based on appearance．But it may mean recognizing that the law won‟t stop us from discriminating against the overweight，the aging，and the imperfect，so long as it's the quality we all hate most in ourselves．31．Which of the following is the best description of the author's emotions after watching Sex and the City 2?[A] Envy and longing．[B] Remorse and guilt．[C] Jealousy and hatred．[D] Displeasure and anger．32．The word “That” in Para.2 refers to_____．[A] a law against discrimination based on appearance[B] the situation in America when appearance discrimination is illegal[C] discrimination based on gender or race is eliminated[D] a law against companies‟ firing employees based on appearance33．Which of the followings is NOT included in Prof. Rhode‟s argumen ts?[A] There should be a law against discrimination based on appearance as against gender or racial discrimination．…[B] If appearance discrimination is illegal in America，no company can fire their employees because of their looks．[C] Not only American men like pretty women，American women themselves also attach great value to beauty．[D] Appearance bias is as harmful and common as racial and religious discrimination．34. It is very hard to establish a law against appearance discrimination because _______．[A] American people regard beauty as a very valuable and desirable quality[B] cocktail waitresses want to be competitive and earn more money[C] American women like participating in beauty pageants[D] such a law will harm the American economy35．What conclusion can we draw from the passage?[A] American people，both men and women，need to be good-looking for their careers‟ sake．[B] Film directors should start using ordinary-looking middle-aged actresses to help change the beauty bias．[C] American people need to change their attitudes toward the appearance of themselves to change the beauty bias．[D] If people really hate themselves for being fat or ugly, they will be against a law stopping appearance discrimination．Text4School authorities often refuse to face the problem of drug-abuse; government drug-abuse agencies have done too little to inform the public about it；many physicians still seem unaware of it when they examine teenagers．As a result，parents may still be the last to know that their children have fallen victim to the drug epidemic that has been raging for more than a decade among American‟s youth．In a survey of a middle-income Cincinnati suburb, 38 percent of the sixth grade and 89 percent of the senior class said they used drug and alcohol; 48 percent of the parents thought their children used alcohol，but only 8 percent thought their children used drug．Fortunately, there is a new force at work against this epidemic ---- a nationwide movement of more than 400 parent groups formed to expose and battle drug use among teenagers and preteens. The groups have different approaches and widely varying rates of success. Yet this parental crusade is the only major force in the country to have taken active, organized and effective steps aimed at stopping marijuana use．Why the concentration on marijuana? Marijuana is the illegal drug most used by kids．According to a National High School Survey，44 percent of U.S. high school seniors had smoked pot during their school years，and one out of seven of these were daily or near daily smokers．There was a close-related connection between pot smoking and subsequent use of cocaine and heroin by young men．Of those who had smoked pot fewer than 1 00 times, seven percent had graduated to cocaine，four percent to heroin．But of those who had smoked pot at least 1,000 times, 73 percent had gone on to cocaine, and one out of three had graduated to heroin．Parent groups have found that by stopping their kids from smoking pot, they almost automatically stop all other illegal drugs, and cut down on alcohol use as well. The High School Senior Survey‟s statistics show that heavy pot smokers tend to be heavy drinkers, while those who do not use pot tend not to drink heavily．Since virtually all over the country teenage “partying”has come to mean “getting smashed and getting stoned” on anything from pot to pills to hashish，LSD，and alcohol，some parent groups home in on the partying aspect．Parents Who Care (PWC) was started in 1979 by 15 Palo Alto, Calif., parents who were upset by stories of serious drug problems at parties. They held talk sessions with their children and learned that most of their children had never been to a party where the main activity was not getting high．The parents‟solution：workshops showing kids how to give successful drug-and-alcohol free parties. Says Margery Ranch，PWC director, “We‟ve seen a change in attitude. Young people are feeling more comfortable saying no.”36．The main idea of Paragraph 1 is that______．[A]society pays little attention to drug use among teenagers[B]drug-abuse has become a common problem among teenagers[C]parents are angry at children‟s drug-abuse[D]children use alcohol more often than drug37．The author believes that the parent groups______．[A]are formed to work against a physical disease[B]are the only force in stopping drug use[C]are variously effective in their work[D]have achieved great success38．Parents Who Care (PWC) was started______．[A]to deal with the problem of teenage partying[B]to help parents upset by the drug problems at parties[C]to provide drug—and-alcohol—free parties[D]to hold a party where children feel high39．In this text，the author is primarily concerned with_____．[A]why drug-abuse problem is SO serious[B]why parents are concerned over drug—abuse problem[C]what parents do to stop drug-abuse[D]what caused the problem of teenagers‟ drug-abuse40．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?[A]Cutting down alcohol use may help stop drug-abuse．[B]Among the illegal drugs, cocaine is very popular among kids．[C]Heavy pot smokers are heavy drinkers．[D]Giving up pot smoking may contribute to abandoning other illegal drugs．Part BDirections：In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1–5, choose the most suitable one from the list A–F to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks.More than 40 million Americans between the ages of 5 and 18 attend schools throughout the United States. About 2 million school-age children are taught at home. ___41___.Many public school advocates take a harsh attitude toward home schoolers, perceiving their actions as the ultimate slap in the face of public education and a damaging move for the children. ___42___. Some public schools have moved closer to tolerance, and, even in some cases, are seeking cooperation with home schoolers. "We are becoming relatively tolerant of home schoolers. Let's give the kids access to public school so they'll see it's not as terrible as they've been told, and they'll want to come back," says John Marshall, an education official.Perhaps, but don't count on it, say home-school advocates. Some home schoolers oppose that public school system because they have strong convictions that their approach to education —whether fueled by religious belief or the individual child's interests and natural pace— is best. ___43___"These parents are highly independent and strive to 'take responsibility' for their own lives within a society that they define as bureaucratic and inefficient," says Van Gallon.But Howard Carol, spokesman for America's largest teachers union, argues that home schooling parents are trying to hide their children from the real world. says Van Gallon."Maybe we are going to run into people with problems, people that have a drug problem, people that have an alcohol problem, and teenage pregnancy. ____44___. But shielding the children from the real mix of what happens every day is denying them something that they are going to need later in life." Mr. Carol also questioned the competence of parents as teachers though he admitted that some home schoolers do better academically. "We want to make sure that a student is not denied the full range of curriculum experiences and appropriate materials, especially now with the new technology that is being introduced and the costs involved there.""The success of home schooling has been documented in standardized test scores administered by public school officials," says Frank Bernet, the executive director of the National Association of College Admission Councilors. "___45___" The response from home schoolers: "We have tried that. Now it's time to strike out on our own."[A] Yet, as public school officials realize they stand little to gain by remaining hostile to the home-school population, the hard lines seem to be softening a bit.[B] Schools have banned cupcakes, issued obesity report cards and cleared space in cafeterias for salad bars.[C] While home schooling offers an alternative to the school environment, it has become a controversial issue.[D] Other home schoolers contend "not so much that the schools teach heresy, but that schools teach whatever they teach inappropriately."[E] I know why they are doing it, but I wonder why they can't work with school officials and teachers to make the school what they want it to be.[F] The idea that a big baby is a healthy baby, and a crying baby is probably a hungry baby who should be fed, are things we really need to rethink.[G] We have many problems that happen in our society and many of the children are victims.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET．(10 points)American and Japanese researchers are developing a smart Car that will help drivers avoid accidents by predicting when they are about to make a dangerous move．The smart Car of the future will be able to tell if drivers are going to turn，change lanes，speed up，slow down or pass another Car．If the driver's intended action could lead to all accident，the car will activate a warning system or override the move．(46) "By shifting the emphasis of car safety away from design of the vehicle itself and looking more toward the driver‟s behavior, the developers believe that they can start to build cars that adapt to suit people‟s needs,”New Scientist magazine said．Alex Pentland of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology collaborated on the project with Andrew Liu who works for the Japanese carmaker Nissan．(47)Tests of their smart car using a driving simulator have shown that it is 95 percent accurate in predicting a driver's move 12 seconds in advance．(48)The system is based on driving behavior which the researchers say can be divided into chains of sub-actions which include preparatory moves．．It monitors the driver's behavior patterns to predict the next move．“To make its predictions，Nissan‟s smart Car uses a computer and sensors on the steering wheel，accelerator and brake to monitor a person‟s driving patterns．(49)A brief training session, in which the driver is asked to perform certain maneuvers, allows the system to calculate the probability of particular actions occurring in two-second time segments," the magazine said．Liu has also done work on tracking eye movement to predict driving behavior．(50)He said the smart car could be adapted to monitor eye movement which could give even earlier predictions of when a driver is about to make a wrong move．Section ⅢWritingPart A51．Directions：Suppose you are a university student and you read an advertisement of a company which is wanting a part-time sales representative. Write a letter to apply for the job and in the letter you are supposed to include the post you would like to apply for，your experience and your hobbies，etc．Write your letter in no less than 100 words．Write on ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52．Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1）describe the drawing briefly,2）explain its intended meaning, and then3）prove your idea with an example/examples. (20 points)Directions:Read the following text and answer questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the left column.The world economy has run into a brick wall. Despite countless warnings in recent years about the need to address a looming hunger crisis in poor countries and a looming energy crisis worldwide, world leaders failed to think ahead. The result is a global food crisis. Wheat, corn and rice prices have more than doubled in the past two years, and oil prices have more than tripled since the start of 2004. These food-price increases combing with soaring energy costs will slow if not stop economic growth in many parts of the world and will even undermine political stability, as evidenced by the protest riots that have erupted in places like Haiti, Bangladesh and Burkina Faso. Practical solutions to these growing woes do exist, but we‟ll have to start thinking ahead and acting globally.The crisis has its roots in four interlinked trends. The first is the chronically low productivity of farmers in the poorest countries, caused by their inability to pay for seeds, fertilizers and irrigation. The second is the misguided policy in the U.S. and Europe of subsidizing the diversion of food crops to produce biofuels like corn-based ethanol. The third is climate change; take the recent droughts in Australia and Europe, which cut the global production of grain in 2005 and 2006. The fourth is the growing global demand for food and feed grains brought on by swelling populations and incomes. In short, rising demand has hit a limited supply, with the poor taking the hardest blow.So, what should be done? Here are three steps to ease the current crisis and avert the potential for a global disaster. The first is to scale-up the dramatic success of Malawi, a famine-prone country in southern Africa, which three years ago established a special fund to help its farmers get fertilizer and high-yield seeds. Malawi‟s harvest doubled after just one year. An international fund based on the Malawi model would cost a mere $10 per person annually in the rich world, or $10 billion in all. Such a fund could fight hunger as effectively as the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and malaria is controlling those diseases.Second, the U.S. and Europe should abandon their policies of subsidizing the conversion of food into biofuels. The U.S. government gives farmers a taxpayer-financed subsidy of 51 cents per gal of ethanol to divert corn from the food and feed-grain supply. There may be a case for biofuels produced on lands that do not produce foods-tree crops (like palm oil), grasses and wood products-but there‟s no case for doling out subsidies to put the world‟s dinner into the gas tank. Third, we urgently need to weatherproof the world‟s crops as soon and as effectively as possible. For a poor farmer, sometimes something as simple as a farm pond-which collects rainwater to be used for emergency irrigation in a dry spell- can make the difference between a bountiful crop and a famine. The world has already committed to establishing a Climate Adaptation Fund to help poor regions climate-proof vital economic activities such as food production and health care but has not yet upon the promise.。
2016考研翻译硕士模拟试题一
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(翻译)汉语写作与百科知识模拟卷（16）一选择题（每题2分，共50分）1邓小平家中挂有一幅《双猫图》。
一只猫毛色雪白、茸毛轻柔，另一只猫毛色乌黑、黑黑透亮。
画的上方，是几行遒劲苍老的题词：“不管白猫黑猫，会捉老鼠的就是好猫。
”它生动形象地反映了邓小平怎样的思想精髓?（）A．家庭联产承包责任制B．社会主义市场经济C．一国两制、祖国统一D．解放思想，实事求是2．古希腊的圣贤先哲从客观实际出发，俯察人生，对人的价值提出了许多闪耀着人文主义光芒的阐述。
其中苏格拉底的主要观点是（）A．“自由是天赐的”B．“人是万物的尺度”C．“认识自己，方能认识人生”D．“人是能够随心所欲地改造自己的”3．恩格斯说：“十八世纪主要是法国人的世纪”。
这一说法的主要依据是（）A．法国民主共和制度的确立影响深远B．启蒙运动在法国达到高潮并影响世界C．法国率先完成第一次工业革命D．法国成为世界最大的殖民帝国4文艺复兴、宗教改革和启蒙运动是西方向近代社会迈进时期发生的三次重大思想解放潮流，它们在历史作用上的一致性表现在（）①发展了人文主义②冲击了天主教会的束缚③抨击了封建君主专制④促进了资本主义生产关系的发展A．①②④B．①②③C．①②③④D．①②5．某学者描述中国史上的一种制度是“虽无相名，实有相职，既有相职，却无相权，既无相权，却有相实。
”这种制度是指A．汉代内外朝制度B．唐代三省制度C．元代行省制度D．明代的内阁制度毛泽东说：“中国的封建社会延续了三千年左右，直到19世纪中叶这个社会的内部才发生了重大变化”这种变化不包括（）A．中国社会性质发生变化B．中国面临的世界形势发生变化C．中国社会思想发生变化D．中国的社会经济结构发生变化7.辛亥革命后，时人曾感叹道：“无量头颅无量血，可怜购得假共和”这说明辛亥革命A．终结了统治中国两千多年的君主专制制度B．模仿西方民主制度模式建立了资产阶级共和国C．没有实现中国人民要求独立、民主的迫切愿望D．为民族资本主义的发展创造了条件8韩国一离婚调查机构，公布了1950年以来220万离婚个案咨询，发现有一个时期，妇女以丈夫生死不明为理由，提出离婚的特别多，此时期应该是A.50-60年代B.80年代C.90年代D.2000年以来9台湾著名作家龙应台在《全球化了的我在哪里》中写到：“我们不管是北京还是上海、台北、香港，在被全球化席卷而来，就是说那个浪冲过来，我们的脚站在那个沙滩里头，你要知道你的脚站的沙不完全从你的脚下整个被掏空，你一定还要有土壤。
考研英语一真题手译完形填空2016
those of the young women, but also a
A young man can
a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to
the marriage
negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in
the selection.
, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen.
a spouse has been selected , each family investigates the other to make sure its child is
分享考研资料，助力考研成功！官方认证店铺：考研资料Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and
prayers of blessing.
Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,
cotton threads soaked in holy water around the
with them up to a year,
3- Divorce is legal and easy to
, but not common.
Divorced persons are
with some disapproval.
Each spouse retains
2016年英汉互译考研模拟试题
试题编号：434 试题名称：英汉互译注意：答题一律答在答题纸上，答在草稿纸或试卷上一律无效I.Translate the following sentences into English or Chinese (5 x15)1.这份报告虽然很长，但是不切要领，我看不懂。
2.台湾海峡两岸的中国人都是骨肉同胞，手足兄弟。
3.中国经济成功地进行了“软着落”，这是宏观经济调控的结果。
它控制了通货膨胀，避免了经济的大起大落，保持了经济的快速增长。
4.切实抓好基础教育，特别是九年义务制教育和青壮年的扫盲工作。
5.该市地界巴山楚水，湖光山色秀丽，名胜古迹与自然风光融为一体，遍布其间，是理想的旅游胜地。
6.这里气候温和，四季分明，雨量充沛，日照充足，适合多种农作物生长栽培。
7.钱先生周岁使“抓周”，抓了一本书，因此得名“钟书”。
8.“俗话说得好，叫做‘杀鸡给猴看’，拿鸡子宰了，那猴儿自然害怕了。
”9.Hardly a day passes without him getting scratched or bruised as he scrambles fora place on a bus.10.Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapersor newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.11.After years of harboring tens of thousands of illegal foreign workers, Taiwan isgradually opening its door to legal laborers from Southeast Asia in an effort to relieve a chronic manpower shortage.12.Vice-President George Bush is looking to President Ronald Reagan, a starattraction at today’s opening of Republican national convention, to give some sparkle to his presidential campaign.13.The United Nations is attempting to settle conflicts around the world that havetaken a terrible toll and misused the earth’s resources.14.Eight years ago they (a black woman and a white man) were married. They havesurvived th eir families’ shock and disapproval and the stares and unwelcome comments of strangers.15.All told, China has roughly 380 million women between the ages of 15 and 55, anda few of them—particularly in the cities—want to look any less than the besttheir budget allows.II．Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese or English (15 x5) 1.The Oxford English Dictionary is a monumental achievement, without parallel inthe English language and in few others. Every dictionary thereafter is indebted to it. It is as unthinkable that any contemporary lexicographer be without the OED as it is that a professional photographer fails to own a tripod to supplement his camera when needed. It provides the solid base for all he does, and without it his work is apt to be as blurred and undefined as a picture taken in the twilight of underbrush with a hand-held camera.2.Shanghai, which means “above the sea”, is on the Whangpoo River, the lowesttributary at the mouth of the Yangtze. Whereas the territorial limits of Greater Shanghai, 320 square miles by government grant, reach up to the confluence of the two waters, the main city itself sits astride the Whangpoo, ten miles to the interior. Cosmopolitan Shanghai was born to the world in 1842 when the British man-of-war Nemesis, slipped unnoticed into the mouth of the Yangtze River, reduced the Woosung Fort and took the city without a fight.3.四十多年来，中国在发展经济的过程中，逐步改善了人民的生存条件，提高了人民的生活水平。
2016考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案（一）
2016考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案（一）考研英语频道讯：2016考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案(一)“I want to criticize the social system, and to show it at work, at its most intense.” Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics, since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the “poetic” novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness. But Virginia Woolf was a realistic as well as a poetic novelist, a satirist and social critic as well as a visionary: literary critics’ cavalier dismissal of Woolf’s social vision will not withstand scrutiny.In her novels, Woolf is deeply engaged by the questions of how individuals are shaped (or deformed) by their social environments, how historical forces impinge on people’s lives, how class, wealth, and gender help to determine people’s fates. Most of her novels are rooted in a realistically rendered social setting and in a precise historical time.Woolf’s focus on society has not been generally recognized because of her intense antipathy to propaganda in art. The pictures of reformers in her novels are usually satiric or sharply critical. Even when Woolf is fundamentally sympathetic to their causes, she portrays people anxious to reform their society and possessed of a message or program as arrogant or dishonest, unaware of how their political ideas serve their own psychological needs. (Her Writer’s Diary notes: “the only honest people are the artists,” whereas “these social reformers and philanthropists… harbor… discreditable desires under thedisguise of loving their kind…”) Wo olf detested what she called “preaching” in fiction, too, and criticized novelist D. H. Lawrence (among others) for working by this method.Woolf’s own social criticism is expressed in the language of observation rather than in direct commentary, since for her, fiction is a contemplative, not an active art. She describes phenomena and provides materials for a judgment about society and social issues; it is the reader’s work to put the observations together and understand the coherent point of view behind them. As a moralist, Woolf works by indirection, subtly undermining officially accepted mores, mocking, suggesting, calling into question, rather than asserting, advocating, bearing witness: hers is the satirist’s art.Woolf’s literary models were acute soci al observers like Chekhov and Chaucer. As she put it in The Common Reader, “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote; and yet, as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every pore.” Like Chaucer, Woolf chose to understand as well as to judge, to know her society root and branch — a decision crucial in order to produce art rather than polemic.1. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] Poetry and Satire as Influences on the Novels of Virginia Woolf.[B] Virginia Woolf: Critic and Commentator on the Twentieth-Century Novel.[C] Trends in Contemporary Reform Movements as a Key to Understanding Virginia Woolf’s Novels.[D] Virginia Woolf’s Novels: Critical Reflections on theIndividual and on Society.2. In the first paragraph of the text, the author’s attitude toward the literary critics mentioned can best be described as[A] disparaging.[B] ironic.[C] facetious.[D] skeptical but resigned.3. It can be inferred from the text that Woolf chose Chaucer as a literary example because she believed that[A] Chaucer was the first English author to focus on society as a whole as well as on individual characters.[B] Chaucer was an honest and forthright author, whereas novelists like D. H. Lawrence did not sincerely wish to change society.[C] Chaucer was more concerned with understanding his society than with calling its accepted mores into question.[D] Chaucer’s writing was greatly, if subtl y, effective in influencing the moral attitudes of his readers.4. It can be inferred from the text that the most probable reason Woolf realistically described the social setting in the majority of her novels was that she[A] was aware that contemporary literary critics considered the novel to be the most realistic of literary genres.[B] was interested in the effect of a person’s social milieu on his or her character and actions.[C] needed to be as attentive to detail as possible in her novels in order to support the arguments she advanced in them.[D] wanted to show that a painstaking fidelity in the representation of reality did not in any way hamper the artist.5. Which of the following phrases best expresses the senseof the word “contemplative” as it is used in line 2, paragraph 4 of the text?[A] Gradually elucidating the rational structures underlying accepted mores.[B] Reflecting on issues in society without prejudice or emotional commitment.[C] Avoiding the aggressive assertion of the author’s pe rspective to the exclusion of the reader’s judgment.[D] Conveying a broad view of society as a whole rather than focusing on an isolated individual consciousness.。
2016考研英语一翻译部分参考答案和评析
2016考研英语一翻译部分参考答案上海新东方无忧考研薛海滨46. We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.我们无需学习如何保持心理健康；这种能力与生俱来，正如我们身体上的伤口会自动愈合、骨折会自动修复一样。
47. Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.健康的心理其实不会离我们远去；就像太阳有时只是躲到云层后面，我们暂时看不见而已，但刹那间又会阳光普照。
48. Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are.健康的心理会让我们对陷入麻烦的人报以同情，对遭遇困苦的人予以友爱。
无论对方是谁，我们都能给予无条件的爱。
49. Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.虽然心理健康是生活中的万能良药，但其极为普通，因为你会发现，它总是陪在你身边，指引你度过难关，做出抉择。
2016年考研英语(一)翻译原文
2016年考研英语（一）翻译原文The Colonial Period"Heaven and earth never agreed better to frame a place for man's habitation."John Smith, founder of the colony of Virginia, 1607The MayflowerWithin the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration -one of the great folk wanderings of history-swept from Europe to America. 46This movement, impelled by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47 Today, the United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these distinctly European cultural traits.Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. 48But, inevitably, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes.These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.49 The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century explorations of North America.In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on meager rations. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes tempests blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought interminable delay.To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one chronicler, "The air at twelve leagues' distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden." The colonists' first glimpse of the new landwas a vista of dense woods.50 The virgin forest with its profusion and variety of trees was a veritable treasure-house which extended over 1,300 miles from Maine in the north to Georgia in the south.Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.考研成功难又不难，一旦大家开始准备就要全力以赴。
2016考研英语(一)真题及参考答案--翻译
2016考研英语(一)真题及参考答案--翻译Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46) we dont have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend, a broken bone. Mental health cant be learned, only reawakened. It is like immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we dont understand the value of mental health and we dont know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesnt go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things willwork out. Its a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves. And toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice, we think of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.【参考译文】46. 我们不必一定去学习如何做到心理健康，这种能力植根于我们自身，就像我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口，如何修复断骨。
2016年英语翻译考试高级笔译写作模拟题
Life and liberty
Just how good is Ameirican liberalism's inner ear?Dedending an open society in the wake of September's attacks demands that we strike the right balance between security and liberty,between the first of the Declaration of Independence's inalienable rights and the second;and that we remind our countrymen that in a battle of ideals with a closed society,liberaty and tolerance can be the most potent weapons in our arsenal.Even so,we'll also need some more conventional weapons along the way.
译⽂：美国⾃由派⼈⼠正确解读政治形势的能⼒究竟有多好呢?在9.11事件之后要捍卫⼀个开放型的社会，我们要在安全与⾃由，第⼀次与第⼆次独⽴宣⾔的不可剥夺的权利之间找⼀个微妙的平衡点;要求我们提醒我们的同胞在⼀个封闭的社会中进⾏⼀场思想⽃争，⾃由和宽容是我们最重要的武器。
即使这样，在这条路上我们仍然需要更多的常规武器。
2016年专八翻译模拟试题
2016年专⼋翻译模拟试题 时尚界对胖姑娘释放出了⼀点善意 When Sal Perez, a stylist and costume designer,was dressing the actress Rebel Wilson for her role inthe movie “Pitch Perfect 2,” he had to find clothes for20 outfit changes. This was an even biggerchallenge than it sounds. Ms. Wilson is a plus-sizeactress working in a less-than-zero world. 造型师、服装设计师萨尔·佩雷斯(Sal Perez)在电影《完美⾳调2》(Pitch Perfect 2)中为⼥演员⾥贝尔·威尔森(RebelWilson)设计造型，他必须为她的⾓⾊找够20套服装。
这个挑战⽐听起来的要难。
威尔森穿⼤码服装，⽽在⼥演员的世界⾥，⼤部分⼈穿的都是超⼩号。
Mr. Perez ended up finding some items online and designing others, which were made in hiscostume workshop. 最后，佩雷斯在上找到了⼀些⾐服，⾃⼰⼜设计了⼀些，在⾃⼰的服装⼯作室⾥制作。
“Trying to find plus-size clothes that are fashionable and well made is very difficult,” he said. “Iam horrified by some of the clothes I find in the stores. I don’t know anyone who enjoyswearing polyester. I think the fashion industry has to realize the potential the plus-size markethas.” “寻找时尚、制作精良的⼤码服装⾮常困难，”他说，“我在商店⾥找到的⼀些⾐服把我吓坏了。
考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案(一)
考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案(一)Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)一、经济学史Economics, as we know it, is the social science concerned with the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services. Economists focus on the way in which individuals, groups, business enterprises, and governments seek to achieve efficiently any economic objective they select. (46) Other fields of study also contribute to this knowledge: Psychology and ethics try to explain how objectives are formed, history records changes in human objectives, and sociology interprets human behavior in social contexts.Standard economics can be divided into two major fields. (47) The first, price theory or microeconomics, explains how the interplay of supply and demand in competitive markets creates a multitude of individual prices, wage rates, profit margins, and rental changes. Microeconomics assumes that people behave rationally. Consumers try to spend their income in ways that give them as much pleasure as possible. As economists say, they maximize utility. For their part, entrepreneurs seek as much profit as they can extract from their operations.The second field, macroeconomics, deals with modern explanations of national income and employment. Macroeconomics dates from the book, The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money (1935), by the British economist John Maynard Keynes. His explanation of prosperity and depression centers on the total or aggregate demand for goods and services by consumers, business investors, and governments, (48) Because, according to Keynes, inadequate total demand increases unemployment, the indicated cure is either more investment by businesses or more spending and consequently larger budget deficits by government.Economic issues have occupied people’s minds throughout the ages.(49) Aristotle and Plato in ancient Greece wrote about problems of wealth, property, and trade, both of whom were prejudiced against commerce, feeling that to live by trade was undesirable. The Romans borrowed their economic ideas from the Greeks and showed the same contempt for trade.(50) During the Middle Ages the economic ideas of the Roman Catholic church were expressed in the law of the church, which condemned the taking of interest for money loaned and regarded commerce as inferior to agriculture.Economics as a subject of modern study, distinguishable from moral philosophy and politics, dates from the work, Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776), by the Scottish philosopher andeconomist Adam Smith. Mercantilism and physiocracy were precursors of the classical economics of Smith and his 19th-century successors.答案46.其他领域的研究也有助于对此的理解：心理学和伦理学试图解释目标是如何形成的，历史记录着人们所追求的目标的变化，社会学则从社会环境的角度来解释人们的行为。
2016 年硕士研究生入学考试模拟题英语翻译基础参考答案--新祥旭
词汇英译汉1. 第21 届联合国气候变化大会2. 伊斯兰国3. 知识产权4. 应用商店5. 全国人民代表大会6. 主题演讲7. 中国东盟自由贸易区8. 网络安全9. 仪式性：10. 超文本传输协议11. 气候变化12. 国情咨文13. 伦敦证券交易所/伦敦政治经济学院14. 对华政策15 中国通词汇汉译英1 hunger marketing2 foreign-aid project3 Greater China Region4 windshield5 graduation thesis/ dissertation6 butterfly effect7 literature review8 opening ceremony9 belt and road initiative10 sustainable development11 G20 summit12 red tape13 greenhouse gases14 market access15 personal remark篇章英译汉：管理香港岛和九龙北部公共交通运营的港铁集团被誉为是全世界地铁运营的典范。
2012 年，港铁收益约合50 亿美元。
除了在香港，港铁集团还在中国的北京、杭州和深圳设有独立运营地铁线，在伦敦有两条地铁线，另外，墨尔本和斯德哥尔摩的地铁系统全部由港铁运营。
在香港，地铁提供的服务在其他国家是看不到的：地铁站设有公共电脑、轮椅和推车，便捷的购票系统，清晰可辨的指示牌，另外长途旅行中，头等舱乘客还可以多付费用来获得可以伸伸腿的空间。
香港为什么可以支付得起这些？答案很简单，就是“溢价回收”。
港铁与其他城市系统不一样，它懂得寸土寸金的珍贵。
香港是世界上最挤的地方之一，只有城铁才能将商业活动所需的顾客从城市一头运到另一头。
因此，港铁与商铺店主达成协议：为了能够运送顾客，港铁需要收取部分商铺盈利、房产开发费用或者签订商业协议。
总之，港铁使自己成为商铺运营的一部分，这样就能对公共交通和顾客出行目的地进行双重管理。
考研英语一真题手译翻译2016
(47) Our mental health doesn’t go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restore1 Translation
1- Mental health is our birthright. (46) We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend, a broken bone.
2- Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem – confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense.
分享考研资料，助力考研成功！官方认证店铺：考研资料It’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism.
(48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are.
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2016考研英语翻译模拟练习题（1）Gandhi’s pacifism can be separated to some extent from his other teachings. (1)(Its motive was religious, but he claimed also for it that it was a definitive technique, a method, capable of producing desired political results. Gandhi’s attitude was not that of most Western pacifists. Satyagraha,) (2(the method Gandhi proposed and practiced, first evolved in South Africa, was a sort of non-violent warfare, a way of defeating the enemy without hurting him and without feeling or arousing hatred.) It entailed such things as civil disobedience, strikes, lying down in front of railway trains, enduring police charges without running away and without hitting back, and the like. Gandhi objected to “passive resistance” as a translation of Satyagr aha: in Gujarati, it seems, the word means “firmness in the truth”. (3(In his early days Gandhi served as a stretcher-bearer on the British side in the Boer War, and he was prepared to do the same again in the war of 1914-1918.) Even after he had completely abjured violence he was honest enough to see that in war it is usually necessary to take sides. Since his whole political life centred round a struggle for national independence, he could not and, (4)(indeed, he did not take the sterile and dishonest line of pretending that in every war both sides are exactly the same and it makes no difference who wins.) Nor did he, like most Western pacifists, specialize in avoiding awkward questions. In relation to the late war, one question that every pacifist had a clear obligation to answer was: “What about the Jews? Are you prepared to see them exterminated? If not, how do you propose to save them without resorting to war?” (5)(I must say that I have never heard, from any Western pacifist, an honest answer to this question, though I have heard plenty of evasions, usually of the “you’re another” type.) But it so happens that Gandhi was asked a somewhat similar question in 1938 and that his answer is on record in Mr. Louis Fischer’s Gandhi and Stalin. According to Mr. Fischer, Gandhi’s view was that the German Jews ought to commit collective suicide, which “would have aroused the world and the people of Germany to Hitler’s violence.”总体分析本文是一篇介绍甘地的和平主义的文章。
文章先介绍了甘地的和平主义的性质、来源、具体形式等。
接着指出了甘地作为和平主义者的独特之处：首先，他虽然反对暴力，但并不否认战争的立场;其次，他不躲避回答棘手的问题。
本文考查的知识点：后置定语、插入语、it做形式主语的主语从句，等。
试题精解1.[精解] 本题考核知识点：后置定语的翻译。
该句是由but连接的两个并列分句：前一分句是简单句，后一分句是主从复合句。
后一分句的主干是he claimed that...，其中that引导宾语从句。
从句中形容词短语capable of...做后置定语，修饰名词a technique, a method。
该定语可以按照汉语习惯译为前置定语，即，“一种可以产生预期的政治效果的明显的技巧和方法”;也可以采用拆译法，译为一个句子，增译代词“它”做主语。
词汇：claim意为“宣称，声称，说”;definite意为“肯定的，确定的;清楚的，明显的”，它和technique搭配时取“明显的”含义;desired意为“渴望的，期望的”，当它和results/effect等词搭配时常常译为“预期的”。
翻译：其动机是宗教性质的，但他也说这是一种明显的技巧，一种方法，它可以产生预期的政治效果。
2.[精解] 本题考核知识点：后置定语的翻译和词义的选择。
该句的主干结构是：the method... was a sort of warfare。
主语the method后有两个后置定语：一个是省略关系代词的定语从句Gandhi proposed and practiced;另一个是过去分词短语first evolved in...。
如果把它们都译为汉语的前置定语会很冗长，不符合汉语表达习惯。
因此可把第一个定语前置，第二个定语转译为谓语。
而真正的谓语前可加上“这”或“它”指代真正的主语。
表语a sort of warfare后是一个较长的同位语a way of defeating...。
其中介词短语of...做后置定语修饰名词a way，翻译时应前置。
词汇：practice意为“练习，训练;经常做;从事”等，在本句中与propose(提出)对应译为“付诸实践”。
evolve意为“逐渐形成;进化”，但它在本句中不能将基本含义照搬，而应意译为“起源于(南非)”。
warfare意为“作战，战争;斗争，冲突”等，根据上下文，该词应增译为“斗争的方式(方法)”。
翻译：这个由甘地提出并付诸实践的方法，最早起源于南非，是一种非暴力的斗争方式，用既不伤害对方又不会引发仇恨的手段打败敌人。
3.[精解] 本题考核知识点：定语和状语的翻译该句是and连接的并列句，其主干结构是：Gandhi served as a... and he was prepared...。
前一分句中“in his early days”和“in the Boer War”都作时间状语，修饰谓语served，翻译时应放在句首。
“on the British side”做后置定语，修饰stretcher-bearer，应译为前置定语，即，“英方的担架员”。
词汇：serve as sth.意为“(为……)工作，服务，履行义务，尽职责”;stretcher-bearer指“抬担架者”;on sb.’s side意为“站在某人一边，和某人观点一致”。
翻译：早年间，在布尔战争期间甘地曾经为英方抬过担架，而且在1914-1918年战争期间他又准备这么做。
4.[精解] 本题考核知识点：后置定语、主语从句的翻译。
该句的主干是he did not take the... line，介词短语of...做后置定语修饰宾语the line。
由于定语太长，应采取拆译法，另起一句。
动名词pretending后接有that引导的宾语从句。
该从句由两个并列的分句组成：both sides are... and it makes...，后一分句中it为形式主语，从句who wins为真正的主语，汉语中不存在这种语法形式，因此可以直接将从句内容译为主语。
词汇：line一词的含义较多，但在本句中的含义是“态度，看法”;fruitless意为“没有成果的，无成效的，徒然的”;pretend意为“假装”，本句中它后面跟有从句，应增译为“假装说”。
翻译：而且也确实没有采取毫无意义的、不诚实的态度，假装说在所有战争中参战双方完全一样，因而谁获得胜利都无所谓。
5.[精解] 本题考核知识点：插入语、后置定语的翻译该句的主干是I must say，后面是that引导的宾语从句。
宾语从句是一个主从复合句。
主句是I have never heard an honest answer，其谓语和宾语之间插入了一个状语成分，翻译时可放在句首或谓语之前，译为“从任何一个西方和平主义者那里我从未听说过”或“我从未从任何一个西方和平主义者那里听说过”。
though引导转折状语从句，其中介词短语of...做后置定语，修饰宾语evasions，可译为前置定语，也可另起一句。
词汇：evasion意为“躲避，逃避;借口，托词”，根据上下文可活译为“躲闪之词”、“逃避的说法”等。
翻译：我必须说，我从未从任何一个西方和平主义者那里听到过对该问题的诚实的答复，但是却听大了大量的躲闪之词，通常都是“你是另外一回事”之类的回答。