考研英语翻译练习

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考研英语一翻译真题汇总

考研英语一翻译真题汇总1.But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.该句式在结构上相对比较简单：前半部分是由even 引导的让步状语从句，后半部分则为嵌套了signs的同位语从句，用来对signs 的内容进行解释说明：而在同位语从句中，从句内部的主语为 the global predominance of the language，谓语部分为 may fade;词汇方面predominance在之前的真题阅读中曾数次出现过，因此考生不会对该词陌生;再将其他的修饰成分进行语序调整，句子的大意就可以得出：但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象表明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。

2.His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.该句式在结构上考察了结果状语从句结构 so...that...”句式。

句子的主干为His analysis should end any self-contentedness among those，而在其后跟着一个由who 引导的是个定语从句among those who ...additional languages capabilities，用以限定修饰前面的those。

英语二考研翻译练习题

英语二考研翻译练习题练习一：原文：In the past few decades, China has made remarkable progress in various fields, including science, technology, and education.翻译：在过去的几十年里，中国在包括科学、技术、教育在内的各个领域取得了显著的进步。

练习二：原文：The rapid development of urbanization has brought about a series of social issues, such as traffic congestion and environmental pollution.翻译：城市化的快速发展带来了一系列社会问题，例如交通拥堵和环境污染。

练习三：原文：It is universally acknowledged that education plays a vital role in the development of a country.翻译：普遍认为教育在国家发展中发挥着至关重要的作用。

练习四：原文：The government has implemented a series of measures to promote sustainable development.翻译：政府已经实施了一系列措施来促进可持续发展。

练习五：原文：With the advent of the information age, the internet has become an indispensable part of people's lives.翻译：随着信息时代的到来，互联网已经成为人们生活中不可或缺的一部分。

练习六：原文：The concept of "green consumption" has gainedpopularity among the public in recent years.翻译：近年来，“绿色消费”的概念在公众中越来越受欢迎。

考研英语历年翻译真题及译文(共44篇)

一. 1980考研英语翻译真题及答案Section VI Chinese-English Translation将下列句子译成英语：（本大题共20分，第1题2分，其余各题均3分）Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (20 points)1.水一煮沸请立即把开关关掉。

1. Please turn off the switch (switch off) as soon as the water boils.2. 在八十年代，中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进。

2. The Chinese people will forge ahead (march on, march onward, march forward) with greater strides in 1980’s.3. 我们都同意李同志已作出的决定。

3. We all agree to the decision comrade Li has made (made).4. 这个结果比我们预期的要好得多。

4. The result is much (far) better than we expected.5. 在过去的三年中，在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作。

5. During the past three years a lot (of work) has been done in the recovery (restoration) of our national economy (in recovering our national economy; in restoring our national economy).6. 我们把英语作为学习西方先进科学技术的一种工具。

6. We use English as a tool in learning Western advanced science and technology.7. 没有党的领导，我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的。

近10年《考研英语二》翻译题手译版

And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’tpaymuchattentiontoit.Soweassumeitwas shorter.
2016
2015
Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know everytwist
Ben-Shaharuses three optimistic exercises. Whenhe feelsdown-say, after giving a badlecture-he
grantshimselfpermissiontobehuman.Hereminds himselfthatnoteverylecturecanbeaNobelwinner; somewillbelesseffectivethanothers.
However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the roadtoreduction,butthereismuchmoretobedone, andnotjustbybigcompanies.
This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakersin

英语二考研翻译练习题

英语二考研翻译练习题英语二考研翻译练习题考研英语二的翻译部分一直是考生们备考的重点和难点之一。

翻译练习题是考生们在备考过程中必不可少的训练工具。

下面将给出一些翻译练习题，希望对考生们的备考有所帮助。

练习题一：中文翻译成英文1. 他是一位著名的科学家，他的研究成果在国际上享有盛誉。

2. 这座城市的发展得益于政府的大力支持和人民的共同努力。

3. 这个项目的成功离不开团队成员之间的密切合作和良好的沟通。

4. 这本书的内容非常丰富，适合各个年龄段的读者阅读。

5. 在这个数字化时代，人们越来越依赖于电子设备来进行工作和生活。

练习题二：英文翻译成中文1. The rapid development of technology has greatly changed people's way of life.2. The government has implemented a series of measures to promote economic growth and improve people's livelihood.3. The company has a strong sense of social responsibility and actively participates in various public welfare activities.4. The conference attracted experts and scholars from different countries to discuss the latest research findings.5. The Internet has greatly facilitated information exchange and communication between people around the world.以上是一些常见的英语翻译练习题，通过这些题目的练习，考生们可以提高自己的翻译能力和应对考试的能力。

考研英语真题短句翻译

考研英语真题短句翻译1. The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in people's lives.科技的快速发展给人们的生活带来了重大的变化。

2. The government has implemented a series of measures to promote economic growth.政府已经采取了一系列措施来促进经济增长。

3. The teacher's passionate speech inspired the students to work harder.老师激情澎湃的演讲激励着学生更加努力地学习。

4. The increasing pollution in the city poses a threat to public health.城市日益严重的污染对公众健康构成威胁。

5. The company's profits have doubled compared to last year.该公司的利润相比去年翻了一倍。

6. The government has taken measures to alleviate poverty in rural areas.政府已经采取措施来缓解农村地区的贫困问题。

7. The new policy has sparked a heated debate among scholars and experts.新的政策在学者和专家间引发了激烈的辩论。

8. The company's decision to expand its business overseas has proven to be successful.公司扩大海外业务的决定已被证明是成功的。

9. The novel vividly portrays the struggles and hardships of the protagonist's journey.这本小说生动地描绘了主人公旅程中的挣扎和困难。

考研英语历年翻译真题及译文(共44篇)

1. Please turn off the switch (switch off) as soon as the water boils.2. 在八十年代，中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进。

2. The Chinese people will forge ahead (march on, march onward, march forward) with greater strides in 1980’s.3. 我们都同意李同志已作出的决定。

3. We all agree to the decision comrade Li has made (made).4. 这个结果比我们预期的要好得多。

4. The result is much (far) better than we expected.5. 在过去的三年中，在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作。

6. We use English as a tool in learning Western advanced science and technology.7. 没有党的领导，我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的。

考研英语阅读翻译题

考研英语阅读翻译题考研英语阅读翻译题考研英语阅读翻译题主要考察我们主观的理解能力，对于翻译题的作答不像其他题一样一眼就能明白出题点在哪里。

而且翻译题的对错评断也评断，检查时要多思考语句。

下面是店铺收集的关于考研的英语阅读翻译的真题以及答案解析，一起来练习一下吧!第一篇：Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest f or commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universalfeatures. (48)T o filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar.A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints Gray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universals 第二篇：Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should bewritten carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. (46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, (47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. (48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber crops. (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely oneconomic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<第一篇：46. 物理学中的一个理论把这种归一的冲动发挥到了极致，它探寻一种万有理论——一个关于我们能看到的一切的生成方程式。

考研英语模拟翻译—英译汉试题以及答案

考研英语模拟翻译—英译汉试题以及答案一、考研英语翻译英译汉1． It is better to take your time at this job than to hurry and make mistakes．A．最好的工作要慢慢找，不要太着急。

B．工作中不要太急，免得出错。

C．干这活最好要慢点不要匆忙，免得出错。

D．最好要多花点时间在工作上，免得忙中出错。

【答案】C【解析】本题的翻译要点是“It is better to do sth. than to do sth. ”和“take yore time”。

“It is better to do sth. than to do sth. ”这个句型表示是两件事情的比较，“最好采取……，而不是……”选项A理解出错，选项B没有把这种比较的意思表达出来，选项D 没有翻译出“this job”。

知识模块：英译汉2． Not until the problem 0f talents and funds is solved, is our talking about the project meaningful．A．不到解决人才和资金问题的时候，无须讨论这项工程的。

B．讨论这项工程有无意义要看人才和资金问题能否得到解决。

C．只有解决了人才和资金问题，讨论这项工程才有意义。

D．解决人才和资金问题与讨论这项工程具有同样重要的意义。

【答案】C【解析】本题的翻译要点是对“Not until…”这个句型的理解。

该句表示强调，意为“直到……才”。

选项D对句型理解有误。

选项A和选项B没有把强调的语气翻译出来，且选项A后半句有漏译现象。

知识模块：英译汉3． us of the overcharge on your account and we have contacted the store on your behalf and are awaiting their reply.A) 承蒙告知您受到恶意透支的指控，我们已经派代表与商店联系并正在等待回音。

考研英语翻译必备练习

翻译（9.16）一、英语长句的分析一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面: (1) 修饰语过多;(2) 并列成分多; (3) 语言结构层次多。

在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握句子的结构。

找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。

分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。

例1. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.分析: (1) 该句的主语为谓语为(2)该句共有五个谓语结构, 它们的谓语动词分别为suggest, is raised, are, develop, experience 等例2. For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.分析: (1) 该句的骨干结构为it is m ore … to do sth than to do sth else. 是一个？结构(2) 句首的for a family of four作？二、长句的翻译英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的概念, 而汉语则不同,常常使用若干短句, 作层次分明的叙述。

(完整版)考研英语翻译历年真题

1、1994年Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge。

(71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (72)”In short" , a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution， as we call it， was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions。

”(73）Over the years， tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology algues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell， Einstein， and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes ， genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo’ s role a t the start of the scientific revolution。

翻译英语基础考研题库

翻译英语基础考研题库考研英语基础题库是针对中国研究生入学考试英语科目的一套练习题，旨在帮助学生巩固英语基础知识，提高英语应用能力。

以下是一些基础的翻译练习题，供学生参考：一、词汇翻译1. 请将下列单词翻译成中文：- Environment- Opportunity- Phenomenon- Perspective2. 请将下列短语翻译成英文：- 可持续发展- 经济全球化- 社会公平- 环境保护二、句子翻译1. 请将下列句子翻译成中文：- The rapid development of technology has changed our wayof life.- The government is taking measures to protect the environment.2. 请将下列句子翻译成英文：- 教育是提高一个国家整体素质的关键。

- 随着经济的发展，人们的生活水平不断提高。

三、段落翻译1. 请将下列段落翻译成中文："In recent years, the concept of a 'smart city' has gained popularity. A smart city uses information and communication technology to enhance the quality and performance of urban services, to reduce costs and resource consumption, and to improve contact between citizens and government."2. 请将下列段落翻译成英文：“随着社会的发展，人们越来越重视个人隐私的保护。

政府和企业都在采取措施来确保个人信息的安全，防止数据泄露。

”四、翻译技巧1. 了解中英文表达习惯的差异，避免逐字翻译。

考研英语翻译真题练习题整理(汇编)

考研英语翻译真题练习题整理要攻克考研英语翻译就必须要练习对句子的拆分解读能力，加强对词汇多义的把握，踩准得分点，最好的方法就是大家多练习对单句的细分解读，日积月累，翻译能力必定提升。

凯程网考研频道以真题为例，和大家分享句子的细分解读，从词汇到句式，希望大家多练练。

It tends to ignore, //and thus eventually to eliminate, //many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, //but that are essential to its healthy functioning.(27 words)词汇要点：1) eliminate //v. 排除，消除，根除;淘汰2) element //n. 基本部分，因素，要素结构要点：1) 主句是It tends to ignore, and... to eliminate...;2) many elements作to ignore, and...toeliminate这两个动词宾语;3) many elements...that…,but that…是but并列的两个that定语从句汉译逻辑要点：1) It tends to ignore中代词it在整个句子的主语部分，最好指代明确。

看上文To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided.(总之，一个仅仅建立在利己基础上的保护体系是非常不平衡的)就知道，it应该指的是上文的“这种观点”，或者“这种保护体系”。

可以翻译为“这种保护体系往往会忽视…”。

2) many elements in the land community可以直接翻译为：土地群落中的很多因素。

英语二考研翻译练习题

英语二考研翻译练习题### English to Chinese Translation Practice for Postgraduate Entrance Exam#### Passage One: The Power of PersistenceIn the realm of success, persistence is often regarded as the key ingredient. It is the unwavering determination that propels individuals to continue striving for their goals, even in the face of adversity. The story of Thomas Edison is a testament to this fact. Despite numerous failures in his quest to create a practical light bulb, Edison remained steadfast, famously stating, "I have not failed. I've just found 10,000 ways that won't work." His perseverance ultimately led to a breakthrough that illuminated the world.#### 翻译练习一：在成功的领域中，坚持不懈常被视为关键要素。

它是那种在逆境中推动个人继续追求目标的坚定决心。

托马斯·爱迪生的故事就是这一事实的证明。

尽管在创造实用灯泡的过程中遭遇了无数次失败，爱迪生仍然坚定不移，他曾著名地说过：“我没有失败。

我只是找到了10,000种行不通的方法。

考研英语一翻译真题汇总(2000-2019)

考研英语一翻译真题汇总（2000-2019）2000年71)Under modern conditions, this requiresvarying measures of centralized control and hence thehelp of specialized scientists such as econo mi sts andoperational research experts.72)Furthermore it is obvious that the strength ofa country's economy is directly bound up with theefficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that thisin turn rests upon the efforts of scientists andtechnologists of all kinds.73)Owing to the remarkable development inmass-communications, people everywhere are feelingnew wants and are being exposed to new customs andideas, while governments are often forced to introducestill further innovations for the reasons given above.74)in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization-with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed-was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.75)Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.2001年(26)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.(27)Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.(28)Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique mi llennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.(29)But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration:“It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”(30)And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.2002年(31)One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mi nd, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.(32)The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.(33)The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shapingand maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.(34)They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.(35)Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.2003年(36)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.(37)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.(38)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.(39)Tylor defined culture as “...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a mem ber of society.”(40)Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture," like the concept of “set”in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.2004年(41)The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.(42)We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assi mi lated and lost their native languages.(43)The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.(44)Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought ma society.(45)Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.2005年(46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.(47)In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.(48)This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eightyEuropean television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.(49)Creating a “European identity”that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice(50)In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall”2006年1、I shall define him as an individual who has elected the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底)way about moral problems as his primary duty and pleasure in life .2、His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing the course of reasoning which led him to his decision in as obvious a manner as possible.3、I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.4、But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.5、They may teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.2007年1、Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.2、On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.3、But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.4、In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.5、While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.2008年(61)he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.(62)He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very li mi ted, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.(63)On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that,while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.(64)He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”(65)Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.2009年(66)It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.(67)Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.(68)While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.(69)Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are for mi ng the powers which will secure this ability.(70)We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling.2010年(71)Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.(72)but we have at least drawn near the point of ad mi tting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.(73)Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless species."(74)In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as mem bers of native forest community, to be preserved as such ,within reason.(75)It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.2011年(76)Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature(77)while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mi nd alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”(78)This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.(79)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged”then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .(80)The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.2012年46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything —a single generative equation for all we see.47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.48)To filter out what is contingent and unique from what is shared mi ght enable us to understand how complex cultural behaviour arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality, identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages, which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it, whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations.2013年46.yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression.47.A sacred place of peace, however, crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelt which is a distinctly animal need.48.The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless garden introduce from in to an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such49 . Mast of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic50.It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.2014年46.It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.47.By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.48.Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.49)Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.50.One could interpret much of the work of Beethovenby saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.2015年46)This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivation, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47)The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.48)But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheerdifficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes.49)The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America.50)The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.2016年(46)We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened.(47)Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.(48)Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness of they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.(50)As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.2017年(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to begaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors.50.It gives a basis to all organizations which seek to promote the learning and use of English, a basis for planning to meet the possibilities of what could be a very different operating environment.2018年46)By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of ne w forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and c omedy.47)no boy who went to a grammar school could be ig norant that the drama was a form of literature which g ave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring ho nor to England.48)But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literary a mbitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offerin g a means of livelihood.49)A native literary drama had been created, its allian ce with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been l ost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.。

考研英语二翻译模拟

考研英语二翻译模拟1 What Is a Decision?A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. The purpose of making a decision is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them.决策是一种选择，来自可以获得的、任择其一的行动步骤。

作决策的意图是要确立和实现机构的目标和目的。

作决策的原因是有问题存在、目标和目的不正确、或者有某种东西妨碍目标或目的的实现。

Thus the decision-making process is fundamental to management. Almost everything a manager does involves decisions, and indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making. Although managers cannot predict the future, many of their decisions require that they consider possible future events. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance, but since uncertainty is always there, risk accompanies decisions . Sometimes the consequence s of a poor decision are slight; at other times they are serious.因此，作决策的过程对管理人员来说至关重要。