820计算机专业基础-电子科技大学2015硕士入学考试真题
电子科技大学2015年《825密码学基础与网络安全》考研专业课真题试卷
电子科技大学2015年《825密码学基础与网络安全》考研专业课真题试卷电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：825 密码学基础与网络安全注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
一、单向选择题（每题1分，共20题，20分）请在A、B、C和D四个选项中，选择一个最佳答案填写到答题纸上。
1. 下列关于安全服务与安全机制的关系不正确的说法是（）A. 安全服务由安全机制实现B. 安全机制与安全服务之间没有关系C. 一种安全机制可以实现一种安全服务D. 一种安全服务可以由一种安全机制来实现2. 按照加密和解密密钥是否相同，密码算法可分为（）A. 分组密码算法和序列密码算法B. 对称密码算法和公钥密码算法C. 基于密钥保密的算法和基于算法保密的算法D. 古典密码算法和现代密码算法3. 整数37的欧拉函数(37)j等于（）A. 35B. 36C. 37D. 384. 反病毒软件具有副作用，当正常操作和病毒操作不能辨别时，可能会造成反病毒系统的（）A. 误报B. 不报C. 漏报D. 错报5. 7804的后三位数字是（）A. 400B. 401C. 402D. 4036. 以下关于美国国防部所提出的PDRR网络安全模型说法正确的是（）A. 安全策略（Policy）是PDRR的重要内容B. 依据PDRR模型，增加系统的保护时间可提高系统的安全性C. 依据PDRR模型，增加系统的检测时间可提高系统的安全性D. 依据PDRR模型，应该尽量增加系统暴露时间来提高系统的安全性7. 以下说法不正确的是（）A. 非对称加密算法较好地解决了密钥管理问题B. TCP/IP协议在设计之初并未考虑网络安全威胁C. 网络隔离技术不能减少对信息系统的安全威胁D. 安全协议需要使用某种密码算法且须实现一项或多项安全功能8. 下列关于网络地址转换（NAT）正确的说法是（）A. NAT与防火墙能协同工作，但与VPN不能协同工作B. NAT与VPN能协同工作，但与防火墙不能协同工作C. NAT与防火墙能协同工作D. NAT与VPN不能协同工作9. 下列关于数字签名说法正确的是（）A. 数字签名是不可信的B. 数字签名容易被伪造C. 数字签名容易抵赖D. 数字签名不可改变10. 一般来说，以下哪个不属于设备物理安全的内容（）A. 设备防盗B. 设备防毁共7 页第1页。
621英语水平测试-电子科技大学2015硕士入学考试真题
电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题电子科技大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试初试自命题科目及代码汇总•111单独考试政治理论•241法语(二外)•242德语(二外)•243日语(二外)•244英语(二外仅日语方向) •288单独考试英语•601数学分析•602高等数学•613分子生物学•615日语水平测试•616公共管理综合•621英语水平测试•622心理学综合•623新闻传播理论•625宪法学•688单独考试高等数学•689西方行政史•690中国近现代史•691政治学原理•692数学物理基础•694生物学综合•694生物学综合•695口腔综合•804行政法与行政诉讼法学•805新闻传播实务•806行政管理综合•808金融学基础•809管理学原理•811大学物理•812地理信息系统基础•813电磁场与电磁波•814电力电子技术•815电路分析基础•818固体物理•820计算机专业基础•821经济学基础•824理论力学•825密码学基础与网络安全•830数字图像处理•831通信与信号系统•832微电子器件•834物理化学•835线性代数•836信号与系统和数字电路•839自动控制原理•840物理光学•845英美文学基础知识及运用•846英语语言学基础知识及运用•847日语专业基础知识及应用•852近代物理基础•853细胞生物学•854国际政治学•855辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义•856测控通信原理•857概率论与数理统计•858信号与系统•859测控通信基础•860软件工程学科基础综合电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目:621英语水平测试注：无机读卡，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上无效。
Part I Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: In this part there are 5 passages, each with some questions or incomplete statements. Read them carefully and then choose from the four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D to answer the questions or complete the statements. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Oh no, not Anthony Weiner again.The older generation never gets it. Anthony Weiner, a candidate for mayor of New York, admitted this week to having sent more snaps of himself to a digital acquaintance. As any youngster could have told him, the way to find love is to send photos of your face.Consider Will, a 24-year-old up-and-coming film director in California. He meets potential dates via a smartphone app called Tinder. It finds potential matches who are nearby—your phone always knows where you are—and shows him photos from their Facebook profiles. Will can like or reject each photo. If a woman he likes also likes him, both are alerted and can start chatting.Tinder is quick (you can scroll through dozens of photos in minutes) and spares your blushes (you never know if someone rejects you). Will has already had three romantic encounters and hundreds of matches, he says. Justin Mateen, a co-founder of Tinder, says it has made 100m matches since its launch in September, and led to 50 marriage proposals. He adds: “The app has only really been going for nine months. There could be a baby popping out soon.”Americans are dating longer, which creates opportunities for matchmakers. Some are quite direct.Bang with Friends (BWF), another app, allows users to specify which of their Facebook friends they would like to spend the night with. If both parties feel the same way, BWF notifies them. If not, no one is any the wiser. BWF was booted from Apple’s app store, but that hasn’t stopped it from creating 200,000 pairings since its January launch. BWF’s boss, admits he came up with the concept while “a bit tipsy”.Such apps make it easier to find potential partners, but don’t seem to have turned America into a nation of bed-hoppers. Young women claim to have had a median of 3.6 male intimate friends while young men 6.1 female ones. These figures may be inaccurate—men may exaggerate; women may undercount—but they have not changed much in years.Parents fret that staring at screens all day has made youngsters socially inept face-to-face. A第1 页共12 页survey by two dating sites found that 36-38% of Americans aged 21-34 ask for dates by text message. But when they meet, they must still make their moves in person. Witty joking and a well-placed wink still have their uses.1. It can be summarized from the first three paragraphs that _________.A. we used to judge a potential match by his or her appearanceB. one can find love by sending his photos to a digital acquaintanceC. Anthony Weiner is trying to win more votes from digital friendsD. Tinder will probably replace traditional matchmakers worldwide2. The sixth paragraph is focused on _________.A. the huge success that BWF has achievedB. the serious consequence of digital datingC. the evolution of matchmaking in the U.S.D. the future developments of Facebook3. The last paragraph implies that _________.A. excessive use of apps leaves youngsters socially awkwardB. most young people find love through text messagesC. people in love often move their homes before marriageD. verbal or non-verbal language is still used during dates4. Potential matches found by Tinder are probably _________.A. young, single, and nearbyB. poor, married, but lonelyC. illiterate, retired, but divorcedD. far-away, busy, and happyPassage 2The human body contains enormous quantities of energy. In fact, the average adult has as much energy stored in fat as a one-ton battery. That energy fuels our everyday activities, but what if those actions could in turn run the electronic devices we rely on? Today, innovators around the world are banking on our potential to do just that.Movement produces kinetic energy, which can be converted into power. In the past, devices that turned human kinetic energy into electricity, such as hand-cranked radios, computers and flashlights, involved a person’s full participation. But a growing field is tapping into our energy without our even noticing it.Consider, for example, a health club. With every step you take on a treadmill and with every muscle curl, you turn surplus calories into motion that could drive a generator and produce electricity. The energy from one person’s workout may not be much, but 100 people could contribute significantly to a facility’s power needs.That’s the idea behind the Green Microgym in Portland, Oregon, where machines likes tationary bikes harvest energy during workouts. Pedaling turns a generator, producing electricity that helps to power the building. For now, body energy supplies only a small fraction of the gym’s needs, but the amount should increase as more machines are adapted. “By being extremely energy-efficient and combining human power, solar and someday wind, I believe we’ll be able to be net-zero for electricity sometime this year,” says the gym’s owner, Adam Boesel. His bikes, by the way, aren’t the flirts to put pedal power to work. In some parts of the world, cyclists have been powering safety第2 页共12 页lights for years with devices called bicycle dynamos, which use a generator to create alternating current with every turn of the wheels.Dance clubs are also getting in on the action. In the Netherlands, Rotterdam’s new Club WATT has a floor that harnesses the energy created by the dancers’ steps. For now, it’s just enough to power LED lights in the floor, but in the future, more output is expected from newer technology.5. Using human body energy as power supplies _________.A. requires us to be strongB. is a great new ideaC. proves to be difficultD. is increasingly popular6. It can be learned that the Green Microgym _________.A. is using human, solar and wind power to produce electricityB. is the first to use bikes to harvest human body energyC. will be able to satisfy its power needs by using green energyD. will introduce the technology to other parts of the world7. What is the author’s most likely comment on the application of body energy?A. It is unrealistic at present.B. It has a promising future.C. Its effect is still unknown.D. It depends on the energy cost.Passage 3The first of Laurence Smith’s two weddings was meant to take place in the midwinter snow not far south of the Arctic Circle. The second foresaw balmy blue skies in Palm Springs, California. As it turned out, the guests were greeted by rain and slush in the far north, then by a chill and more rain in the Californian desert.If the weather is capable of surprising him, why should anyone trust Mr. Smith’s forecast for 2050? Because the growing freakiness of weather is precisely his point. Climate change is one of four mega-trends, along with globalization, population growth and surging demand for natural resources, that he thinks will shape the world over the coming decades. The first part of his book The New North: The World in 2050 is a familiar tale of teeming cities, roaring trade, harder-to-get-at oil and rising sea levels.But Mr. Smith comes into his own when he explores the consequences of these trends (climate change especially) for the quarter of the Earth that lies at latitudes above 45°N. A geographer at the University of California, Los Angeles, he specializes in the frozen lands of Russia, Canada, Alaska and Iceland. The region is about to undergo a great transformation.The planet’s warming may be global, but climate-change models predict it will be amplified in the north. Permafrost will melt and settlement patterns will change. Inland, construction will become trickier and ice roads less dependable, so development will gravitate to the coasts. By mid-century the Arctic Ocean may be briefly free of sea ice in September, a boon to shipping. Crops will spread north as seal hunters become farmers.Interest in the region’s vast and increasingly accessible natural resources is already growing, along with the potential for conflict over the rights to these riches. Mr. Smith believes there is every chance that the development of the “new north” will be peaceful, thanks to habits of cooperation and第3 页共12 页an internationally accepted rule book for laying down rights to the seabed. He sees a leading role for the region’s indigenous peoples.By 2050 the answers to some very big questions should be clear: what happens to the north’s massive stocks of carbon in the soil as it defrosts; whether great schemes to channel freshwater from north to south are attempted; how populous, resource-hungry China works with Russia’s emptying, resource-rich Far East. Mr. Smith reckons an area about one and a half times the size of the United States will be habitable, albeit for much of the year still cold and dark. The development of the new north, he thinks, might resemble that of the American West, dotted with settlements formed for mining and trade.Obscuring the view of 2050, however, is a caveat that looms as large as an Arctic iceberg. Mr. Smith sets ground rules that allow him to extrapolate into the future without worrying about disruptions such as game-changing leaps in technology. This is an “informed thought-experiment”rather than a proper prediction. But for anyone curious about the new north—let alone thinking of investing in Arctic derivatives—it is an instructive exercise.8. The word “boon” in the fourth paragraph can be replaced by _________.A. prohibitionB. prosperityC. benefitD. catastrophe9. According to Laurence Smith, the following are all very likely to happen in the future decadesEXCEPT _________.A. The local people in the “new north” will benefit from the climate changeB. The development of the “new north” will be on a peaceful processC. The natural resources in the “new north” will be able to exploitedD. The large amounts of carbon in the “new north” soils will be safely controlled10. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The author takes a skeptical attitude towards Laurence Smith’s predictions of the Arctic.B. The author reckons Laurence Smith is somewhat optimistic in imagining the “new north”C. Laurence Smith did a lot of experiments in combining geographical predictions andeconomic development.D. Laurence Smith shares with the author that the future of the Article depends on ourawareness and actions.11. Which of the following titles is more appropriate for the passage?A. The Arctic: The de-icing ageB. Climate Change: Humankind’s futureC. A Day Dreamer: Laurence Smith’s new writing styleD. 2050: The end of the worldPassage 4The newspaper must provide for the reader the facts, unalloyed, unslanted, objectively selected facts. But in these days of complex news it must provide more; it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts. This is the most important assignment confronting American journalism—to make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news as understandable as第4 页共12 页community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing (with the possible exception of such scribbling as society and club news) as “local”news, because any event in the international area has a local reaction in manpower draft, in economic strain, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life.There is in journalism a widespread view that when you embark on interpretation, you are entering choppy and dangerous waters, the swirling tides of opinion. This is nonsense.The opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor shall confine himself to the “facts”. This insistence raises two questions: What are the facts? And: Are the bare facts enough?As to the first query. Consider how a so-called “factual” story cones about. The reporter collects, say, fifty facts; out of these fifty, his space allotment being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten, which he considers most important. This is Judgment Number One. Then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall constitute the lead of the piece. This is important decision because many readers do not proceed beyond the first paragraph. This is Judgment Number Two. Then the night editor determines whether the article shall be presented on page one, where it has a large impact, or on page twenty-four, where it has little. Judgment Number Three.Thus, in the presentation of a so-called “factual” or “objective” story, at least three judgments are involved. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which reporter and editor, calling upon their general background, and their “news neutralism,” arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news.The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, are both objective rather then subjective processes—as objective, that is, as any human being can be. (Note in passing: even though complete objectivity can never be achieved, nevertheless the ideal must always be the beacon on the murky news channels.) Of an editor is intent on slanting the news, he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation. He can do it by the selection of those facts that prop up his particular plea. Or he can do it by the pay he gives a story—promoting it to page one or demoting it to page thirty.12. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is _________.A. Interpreting the News.B. Choosing Facts.C. Subjective versus Objective Processes.D. Everything Counts.13. Why does the writer of an article select ten out of fifty available facts?A. His editor is prejudiced.B. Space is limited.C. The subject is not important.D. The newspaper is arbitrary.14. What is the least effective way of “slanting” news?A. Placement.B. Concentration.C. InterpretationD. His editor is prejudiced.15. Why should the lead sentence present the most important fact?A. It will influence the reader to continue.B. It will be the best way to write.C. Some readers do not read beyond the first paragraph.D. It will gratify the editor.第5 页共12 页Passage 5One of the most pivotal moments in American literature occurred near the end of the nineteenth century as authors such as a young man named Stephen Crane began to embrace a literary style forged in Europe a bit earlier and which would come to be known as naturalism. Crane was born to parents in the ministry and grew up in a household grounded in religious beliefs and context. Yet, before long, Crane had, for the most part, rejected religion and the idea of divine intervention in favor of a more hands-on approach to the world. As he began to develop as a writer, naturalist themes of man versus nature, the unrelenting power of nature, and an objective view of the world began to dominate his writing. Naturalists attempted to depict the most accurate view of life unadulterated and unobstructed by external commentary or spiritual intervention. Ultimately Crane’s masterful short story The Open Boat stands as one of the most complete and developed works of the naturalist genre.The first apparent element of naturalism in The Open Boat is its subject matter—a shipwreck. Being as true to life as possible is one of the most common goals of a naturalistic writer, and, in this short story, Crane is no exception. It did not come from Crane’s imagination. Rather, it stemmed from his personal experience. As a young war reporter, Crane was on his way from Florida to Cuba when his vesse1, the Commodore, encountered a violent tempest. Within hours, the ship had sunk, leaving a few lucky survivors on a tiny lifeboat to be subjected to the full of nature. Throughout the story Crane depicts scene after scene as if they were snapshots or a shorn film of what the men in the boat were up against. Through his prose, Crane is able to reveal the unadulterated brutal realism manifest in nature itself.As Crane continues with the theme of man versus nature in The Open Boat, the element of pessimism crucial to any naturalistic work, becomes quite apparent. The men are at the mercy of the storms and the seas and cannot do much to save themselves. In this sense, Crane reveals the indifference of nature and the universe in relation to the life or plight of human beings in general. It’s obvious to him that angels will not swoop down and save the unfortunate men. The situation of the shipwreck is ideal because ordinary, everyday people must face an extreme situation from which it is more than likely that they will perish. Crane continually creates a mood of impending doom and the punishing nature of the universe throughout the story. Along the way, he provides little commentary on the situation, forcing readers to place themselves immediately on the boat with the men while enforcing the dark tone of the story. But, even to Crane and most naturalist writers, all is not lost.While Crane’s work The Open Boat is a dark account of a chance situation that turns fatal for many, but not all, of the crew of the Commodore, it also sets forth the main elements of a naturalistic literary work at the turn of the twentieth century. Despite the fact that nature can be unrelenting and compassionless towards humans at any given moment, Crane ultimately shows how individuals still always have the capacity to strive together to overcome hardships and disaster. Furthermore, the accuracy and detail by Crane shun any possibility of a sugarcoated reality and reveals the true ferocity of nature as it is.16. Which of the following can be inferred from the first paragraph about Stephen Crane?第6 页共12 页A. He enjoyed the ministry and listening to preachers.B. He did not enjoy writing when he was young.C. He was rivaled by no other author of his time.D. He was not in tune with the beliefs of his parents.17. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the underlinedsentence in the first paragraph?A. Naturalists liked to place their own opinions on spirituality in their writing.B. Naturalists placed more emphasis on representing life as it appeared to them.C. Naturalists tried to embody the most precise view of life by looking to religion.D. Naturalists believed the life was obstructed by outside ambition and spirituality.18. According to the second paragraph, The Open Boat is important as a naturalist work because_________.A. it is true account taken from Crane’s own personal experienceB. the story is completely fabricated from Crane’s imaginationC. it is based on a series of events in a shipwreck that Crane heard ofD. it does not attempt to glorify Crane’s heroism against nature19. The author discusses nature in the third paragraph in order to _________.A. show how Crane believes divine power will save humanityB. note that nature itself is stronger than all of humankindC. indicate that nature does not care for strife among peopleD. reveal how it is pessimistic toward life on Earth20. According to the fourth paragraph, the men in the boat are significant because _________.A. they show that by banding together, human beings can surviveB. they represent the ultimate downfall of life according to CraneC. they allow fate to run its course and decide their own futureD. they discount nature and do not take it seriously until the endPart II Structure and Vocabulary (20 points)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.21. The general manager usually _________ a question before he gives his answer.A. pondersB. extractsC. imploresD. enlists22. His classmates dislike him for his _________ as he always boasts about his family.A. reclusionB. pomposityC. prideD. austerity23. The writer told several _________ about his colleagues and made everybody laugh.A. legendsB. mythsC. fablesD. anecdotes24. She must have been pretty _____ to fall for such an old trick.A. interestedB. gullibleC. enthusiasticD. shrewd25. This is the ______ piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.A. trueB. originalC. realD. genuine第7 页共12 页26. A lack of appetite may be ________ of a major mental or physical disorder.A. inquisitiveB. initiativeC. indicativeD. informative27. The self-image controls a person’s attitudes or _________ of what happens to her.A. interpretationsB. approachesC. commitmentsD. simulations28. By the year 2040, Yale University will need over eight acres of land to _________ its library.A. manipulateB. accommodateC. illuminateD. obligate29. If you don’t know where you’ re going in life, you are _________ to wind up somewhere else.A. possibleB. inevitableC. optionalD. liable30. As far as marriage is concerned, it is mutual care and love that _________.A. mountsB. discountsC. countsD. calculates31. If the ten amendments that _________ the Bill of Rights of the US Constitution were a familyof ten children, you wouldn’t want to be the Third.A. includeB. embraceC. compriseD. involve32. The person in custody must, prior to interrogation, be clearly informed that he has the right toremain _________.A. silentB. taciturnC. speechlessD. consent33. The road wound rather _________ into a valley, in which the Pemberley House was situated.A. unprecedentedlyB. abruptlyC. promptlyD. irreversibly34. There is some reason for not giving up my career and _________ a different one.A. taking inB. bringing aboutC. arising fromD. embarking on35. Their house was in close _________ to ours, so we became intimate friends in time.A. vicinityB. contactC. relationD. community36. What all this _________ rhetoric obscured was the lack of hard evidence that violent mediaactually turns children into killers.A. multiculturalB. innovativeC. hyperbolicD. interactive37. A(n) _________ reading approach to reading is a combination of approaches—global, analyticand synthetic—used to suit the convenience of the reader.A. literalB. innovativeC. liberalD. eclectic38. _________ with languages gives you an edge in many jobs and professional opportunities, butis especially valuable in fields such as advertising, business, education and foreign affairs.A. ThresholdB. FacilityC. SpecializationD. Accommodation39. Rather than dictate how I think it ought to work, I would tell my employees to _________something that will work.A. get back toB. get out ofC. come along withD. come up with40. The visitors were impressed by the facilities planned and programmed ________ theirinterrelationships.A. in terms ofB. in aspects ofC. in units ofD. in case ofPart III Cloze (20 points)Directions: Fill in each blank with ONE appropriate word to complete the passage. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.第8 页共12 页Passage A:A new report published on November 4th takes a different approach.GlobalWebIndex (GWI), a market-research firm 41 local partners in 32 countries, surveys 170,000 consumers a year and recently began to ask detailed questions about internet use. It 42 China and India in the top three for Facebook users. SimilarWeb, 43 does IP-based analysis, does not even put China in the top ten.One reason for the 44 is that in many developing markets devices are widely shared. Conversely, more than three-quarters of respondents in the GWI report said they used more than one 45 . 46 factor is the spread of virtual private networks (VPNs) and proxy servers, which 47 it possible to surf the web through a foreign server.Once restricted to the tech-literate, these are now common and easy to use. Chinese citizens who want to vault the Great Firewall to use Facebook can do so with a couple of clicks. Foreign fans of the BBC can use the 48 trick to watch its programs via iPlayer, supposedly barred 49 Britain. Since VPNs and proxy servers are clustered in 50 with favorable rules, such as Sweden and the Netherlands, any count of visits to such sites will be skewed. 41. ____________42. ____________43. ____________44. ____________45. ____________46. ____________47. ____________48. ____________49. ____________50. ____________Passage B:Happy hours are not necessarily happy, 51 do they last for an hour, but they have become a part of the ritual of the office worker and businessman.52 weekdays in pubs and bars throughout America, there is the late afternoon happy hour. The time may 53 from place to place, but usually it is held from four to seven. 54 the workday is finished, office workers in large cities and small towns take a relaxing pause and do not go directly home. They head off 55 for the nearest bar or pub to be with friends, co-workers and colleagues. Within minutes the pub is filled to capacity 56 businessmen and secretaries, office clerks and stock executives. They gather 57 the bar like birds around a fountain or forest animals around a watering hole and chat about the trifles of office life or matters more personal. This is their desert garden, the place to relieve the day’s stress at the office.At these happy hours, social binding occurs 58 people who share the same workplace or similar professions. They may chat about each other or talk about a planned project that has 59 to meet a deadline. In this 60 , these places become extensions of the workplace and constitute a good portion of one’s social life. 51. ____________52. ____________53. ____________54. ____________55. ____________56. ____________57. ____________58. ____________59. ____________60. ____________第9 页共12 页Part IV Paraphrasing (20 points)Directions: Paraphrase the underlined parts. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Consult any encyclopedia and you will find Charles Babbage credited with having conceived the first automatic digital computer. (61) Dig deeper, however, and it quickly becomes apparent that Babbage had a lot of help.Others before him had already tried to build calculating contraptions, notably Gottfried Leibniz, a German mathematician. (62) Babbage held regular salons and founded clubs where his ideas were sharpened. And there was also Ada Lovelace, his collaborator and the world’s first computer programmer.The argument against the great man theory of invention is not new. (63) But the main merit of Walter Isaacson’s new book The Innovators is to show that this is particularly true in information technology—despite the customary lionization of many of its pioneers, from Babbage and Alan Turing to Bill Gates and Linus Torvalds.All appear in Mr. Isaacson’s book, which explains its length. Whether their worlds revolved around the computer itself, the microchip, software, the PC, the internet or everything in between—these are all stories that show that invention always has many fathers (and mothers). (64) In fact, those who tried to go it alone tended to fail.(65) Mr. Isaacson thinks geniuses are important but they have to be seen in the context of times they lived in and the people they collaborated with. John von Neumann was a Hungarian-born polymath who worked on the ENIAC, one of the first programmable machines. His name is associated by many with early advances in programming and software architecture. (66) But it was a group of women who were at the forefront of programming, because back then it often involved plugging in wires and throwing switches. “If the ENIAC’s administrators had known how crucial programming would be…they might have been more hesitant to give such an important role to women,” he quotes one of them, Jean Jennings, as saying.(67) The ENIAC also shines a light on another issue: how innovation should best be commercialized. In 1945 von Neumann published a paper summarizing the project’s ideas—making it impossible for others on the team to patent them. The debate over whether innovation is better served by sharing intellectual property or by protecting it has been heated.(68) Mr. Isaacson clearly thinks that innovation is all about getting the mix right, though he doesn’t put it quite that way. If a brilliant leader is too self-involved, as was the case with William Shockley, an American physicist who helped invent the transistor radio, things fall apart. (69) Similarly, teams that lack a willful visionary often falter, as happened after Steve Jobs left Apple. Groups with a wide variety of specialities and experiences do much better than a bunch of left-brainers.The Innovators has not quite lived up to its own advice of getting the mix right. (70) Mr. Isaacson could have dedicated more pages to what he calls “lessons from the journey”, rather than retelling at length stories that other books have already laid out, even if he does give them credit. Then again, just like great technology, a good book doesn’t just emerge from nowhere.第10 页共12 页。
电子科技大学820计算机专业基础考研历年真题及解析
2 士不可不弘毅，任重而道远！——弘毅考研
历年真题解析
2012 年硕士研究生入学考试试题
【内部资料】
1 士不可不弘毅，任重而道远！——弘毅考研
历年真题解析
【内部资料】
电子科技大学考研历年真题解析
——820 计算机专业基础
主编：弘毅考研 编者：六月的雨
弘毅教育出品
1 士不可不弘毅，任重而道远！——
目录
2012 年硕士研究生入学考试试题 ............................................. 1 2011 年硕士研究生入学考试试题 ............................. 错误!未定义书签。 2012 年硕士研究生入学考试试题解析 ......................... 错误!未定义书签。 2011 年硕士研究生入学考试试题解析 ......................... 错误!未定义书签。
(NEW)电子科技大学《820计算机专业基础》历年考研真题汇编(含部分答案)
2014年电子科技大学820计算机专业基础考研真题
2015年电子科技大学820计算机专业基础考研真题
2016年电子科技大学820计算机专业基机专业基础考研真题及详解
2011年电子科技大学820计算机专业基础考研真题及详解
2012年电子科技大学820计算机专业基础考研真题及详解
2013年电子科技大学820计算机专业基础考研真题及详解
2013年电子科技大学820计算机专业基 础考研真题及详解
2014年电子科技大学820计算机专业基 础考研真题
2015年电子科技大学820计算机专业基 础考研真题
2016年电子科技大学820计算机专业基 础考研真题
2007年电子科技大学413计算机专业基础考研真题（含操作系统答案）
2008年电子科技大学820计算机专业基础考研真题（含操作系统答案）
目 录
2007年电子科技大学413计算机专业基 础考研真题（含操作系统答案）
2008年电子科技大学820计算机专业基 础考研真题（含操作系统答案）
2010年电子科技大学820计算机专业基 础考研真题及详解
2011年电子科技大学820计算机专业基 础考研真题及详解
2012年电子科技大学820计算机专业基 础考研真题及详解
电子科技大学(成都)考研历年真题之820计算机专业基础2005--2015年考研真题
《计算机操作系统》
一、 填空题（10 分，每空 2 分） 1. 现有 3 个同时到达的作业 J1、 J2 和 J3， 它们的执行时间分别为 T1、 T2 和 T3， 且 T1<T3<T2。 若这三个作业在同一台处理器上以单道方式运行，则平均周转时间最小的执行顺序是 ____。 2. 若一个信号量的初值是 5，经过多次 P、V 操作以后，其值变为-3，则此时等待进入临 界区的进程数目是____。 3. 某基本分页存储管理系统具有快表，内存访问时间为 2 µs ，检索快表的时间为 0.5 µs 。 若快表的命中率为 80%，且忽略快表更新时间，则有效访问时间是____ µs 。 4. 在段页式存储管理系统中， 若不考虑快表， 为获得一条指令或数据， 至少需要访问_____ 次内存。 5. 某虚拟存储器中的用户空间共有 32 个页面，每页 1KB，主存 16KB。假设某时刻系统为 用户的第 0、1、2、3 页分别分配的物理块为 5、10、4、7，则虚拟地址 0A6F 对应的物 理地址是_______（请使用十六进制表示） 。 二、 选择题（14 分，每ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ 2 分） 1. 现代操作系统中最基本的两个特征是（ ） 。 A. 共享和不确定 B. 并发和虚拟 C. 并发和共享 D. 虚拟和不确定 2. 引入多道程序技术的前提条件之一是系统具有（ ） 。 A. 分时功能 B. 中断功能 C. 多 CPU 技术 D. SPOOLing 技术 3. 操作系统是根据（ ）来对并发执行的进程进行控制和管理的。 A. 进程的基本状态 B. 进程调度算法 C. 进程的优先级 D. 进程控制块 4. 在段页式存储管理系统中，地址映射表是（ ） A. 每个进程一张段表，一张页表。 B. 每个进程一张段表，每个段一张页表。 C. 每个进程的每个段一张段表，一张页表。 D. 每个进程的每个段一张段表，多张页表。
电子科技大学【2015 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题】241专业课真题
.
A. le sien B. la sienne
C. le vôtre
D. la vôtre
18. Je ne veux pas sortir
je suis fatigué.
A. bien que
B.parce que
C. à condition que
me
19. Un Français
cinq fait aujourd’hui partie de ce qu’on appelle le troisième âge.
第4页
共 10 页
D. Nous travaillerons vite avant que ce soit fini.
Section B: 在以下内容中，句子的顺序打乱了。把这些句子重新排序以恢复短文。 （每题 1 分，共 3 分）
8.L’art de réussir une fête 1. Envoyer un plan d’accès détaillé à chaque participant. 2. Donner du rythme à la soirée avec de la musique dès l’apéritif. 3. Organiser un jeu au moment du dessert. 4. Dresser une jolie table avec une belle nappe et des bougies. A. 4 – 2 – 3 – 1 B. 1 – 4 – 2 – 3 C. 2 – 1 – 4 – 3 D. 2 – 4 – 1 – 3
C.d’où
D.par lequel
vin, s’il vous plaît.
A. le
电子科技大学(成都)820计算机专业基础2016到2010,2008到2005十一套考研真题
D. 稀疏矩阵
3. 下列选项中符合前缀码要求的是( )。
A. {0, 1} B. {0, 01, 001, 0001} C. {10, 010, 110, 101} D. {01, 10, 1001, 0110}
4. 下列关于哈夫曼树的论述不正确的是( )。
A. 哈夫曼树又被称为最优二叉树
B. 哈夫曼树是带权路径最短的二叉树 C. 一棵哈夫曼树任意交换左右子树仍然是一棵哈弗曼树 D. 对给定的输入数值集合所生成的哈夫曼树深度是确定的 5. 无向图做深度优先搜索和广度优先搜索共有的特点是( )
A. 都是递归类算法 B. 都必须用到栈 C. 都是遍历类算法 D. 搜索结果都是唯一的
6. 对于 AOE 网络，若它的关键路径存在，那么该路径一定是( )。
A. 最长路径 B. 最短路径 C. 拓扑排序序列 D. 唯一的一条路径
7. 拓扑排序解决的问题是( )。
A. 对一个有向图进行遍历操作 B. 计算一个有向图的回路个数
D．MOV R0,addr； 把地址处的内存数据放入寄存器 R0 中
2. 在下列进程调度算法中，不存在进程饥饿现象的调度算法是（ ）。
A．先来先服务
B．反馈调度算法
C．短进程优先
D．基于静态优先级调度算法
3. 资源的有序分配策略是为了破坏死锁产生的（ ）条件。
A．互斥
B．请求和保持
C．非剥夺
D．循环等待
4. 在段式存储管理系统中，若不考虑快表，为获得一条指令或数据，至少需要访问（ ）
次内存。
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
A．1
B．2
C．3
D．4
5. 在设备管理中，不属于 I/O 控制方式的是（ ）。
电子科技大学2015年《820计算机专业基础》考研专业课真题试卷
电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：820计算机专业基础注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
《计算机操作系统》一、填空题（5分，每空1分）1.在生产者——消费者问题中，若10个生产者、5个消费者共享容量为8的缓冲区，则互斥使用缓冲区的信号量的初值为。
2.某简单段式存储管理系统中，地址长度为32位，若允许的最大段长为64KB，则段号占位。
3.设文件F1的当前引用计数值为1，先建立文件F1的符号链接（软链接）文件F2，再建立文件F1的硬链接文件F3，然后删除文件F1。
此时，文件F2和文件F3的引用计数值分别为、。
4.某文件占10个磁盘块，现要把该文件磁盘块逐个读入主存缓冲区，并送用户区进行分析。
假设一个缓冲区与一个磁盘块大小相同，把一个磁盘块读入缓冲区的时间为200µs，将缓冲区的数据传送到用户区的时间为100µs，CPU分析一块数据的时间为100µs，则在双缓冲区结构下，读入并分析完该文件的时间为µs。
二、选择题（10分，每题1分）1.提高单机资源利用率的关键技术是（）。
A．脱机技术B．多道程序设计技术C．虚拟技术D．缓冲技术2.进程的基本状态（）可以由其它两种基本状态转变而来。
A．就绪状态B．执行状态C．阻塞状态D．新建状态3.在高响应比进程调度算法中，其主要影响因素是（）。
A．等待时间B．剩余运行时间C．已运行时间D．静态优先级4.系统中资源R的数量为12，进程P1、P2、P3对资源R的最大需求分别为10、4、9。
若当前已分配给P1、P2、P3的资源R的数量分别为5、2、2，则系统（）。
A．处于不安全状态B．处于安全状态，且安全序列为P1->P2->P3C．处于安全状态，且安全序列为P2->P3->P1D．处于安全状态，且安全序列为P2->P1->P35.分页系统中的页面为（）。
电子科技大学航空航天学院2015研究生入学考试复试试题(微机原理)-评分标准
………密………封………线………以………内………答………题………无………效……电子科技大学二零年研究生入学考试复试1.简述冯诺依曼体系结构的核心，并分析冯诺依曼计算机存在的瓶颈。
（15分）答：1）计算机由运算器、控制器、存储器、输入和输出构成；（3分）2）计算机的信息描述以二进制为基础。
（3分）3）计算机必须按照预先编制并存放于存储器中的程序执行，才能实现其功能（3分）。
冯诺依曼计算机的瓶颈在于其串行性（3分）。
具体表现为指令执行的串行性和存储器访问的串行性（3分）。
2.逐条说明下列指令的功能，并分析下列指令执行之后Z标志位和C标志位的值。
（15分）MOV R0, 0x01LDR R1, =0x1FCMP R1, R0答：1）将常数1传送到寄存器R0中；（2分）2）用伪指令将常数1F传送到寄存器R1中；（2分）3）比较R1和R0中的数据；（2分）4）执行后，Z=0，C=1.（9分）3.已知某总线时序如图所示，请完成如下问题：1）请分析该总线的类型，解释图中所表达的具体是什么总线操作过程；2）说明总线的宽度，寻址空间大小；3）分析常见的总线同步控制方式及其优缺点。
（15分）答：1）同步并行总线，图中所示为通过总线进行IO端口的读入操作；（5分）2）该总线宽度为8bit，寻址空间大小为2KB；（4分）………密………封………线………以………内………答………题………无………效……3）常见的同步控制方式有同步、异步和半同步；（3分）说明各自优缺点（3分）。
4.结合下图简述异步串行通信协议，并说明本次传输的数据值为多少，其采用的校验方式是什么；如若要求字符传输速率为200字符/秒，则波特率应当为多少？（15分）答：1）协议描述略；（3分）2）本次传输的数据是69H，采用的校验方式为偶校验。
（7分）3）每字符对应11bit，因此波特率为200*11bit/秒。
（5分）5.ARM指令编码长度为32位，需要编码表示操作码、操作数及寻址方式等诸多信息。
电子科技大学计算机考研820专业课考点
1.操作系统的基本概念
1)批处理与多道程序设计
2)分时系统与实时系统
3)操作系统的基本类型与特征
4)并发与并行的概念
5)操作系统的层次结构与功能模块
6)程序的并发执行与顺序执行
2.处理机管理
1)进程： 进程控制块、进程的几种基本状态与状态转换（进程的创建、进程的终止、进程的阻塞与唤醒、进程的挂起与激活等）
（6）线索ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้叉树的基本概念与构造方法
(7）树与二叉树的应用：二叉排序树；二叉平衡树；哈夫曼树与哈夫曼编码
5．图
（1)图的基本概念和术语；
（2)图的存储结构：邻接矩阵、邻接表、逆邻接表;
（3）遍历算法：深度优先搜索算法和广度优先搜索算法；
(4）应用：最小生成树；最短路径，拓扑排序和关键路径.
6．查找
(1)查找的基本概念；静态查找与动态查找；
4)段式管理与页式管理：段、页、碎片等基本概念、段式管理与页式管理机制
5)虚拟内存:局部性原理、虚拟内存概念、请求分段与请求分页、段页式管理、段页式地址结构与地址转换、页面置换算法（先进先出、LRU、Clock置换）、抖动
4.设备管理
1)I/O系统的:基本概念、I/O控制方式（程序I/0、中断、DMA、通道）、相关数据结构、缓冲管理（单缓冲、双缓冲、循环缓冲、缓冲池）
2。掌握基本的数据处理原理和方法的基础上，能够分析算法的时间复杂度与空间复杂度。
3.能够选择合适的数据结构和算法策略进行问题求解，具备采用 C 或 C++或 JAVA 语言设计与实现算法的能力.
二、内容
1. 数据结构及算法的相关概念和术语
(1）数据结构及算法的概念；
（2）数据的逻辑结构和存储结构；
2015年408真题及答案
2015年408真题及答案2015 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试计算机科学与技术学科联考计算机学科专业基础综合试题一、单项选择题：第 1～40 小题，每小题 2 分，共 80 分。
下列每题给出的四个选项中，只 有一个选项最符合试题要求。
1．已知程序如下：程序运行时使用栈来保存调用过程的信息，自栈底到栈顶保存的信息依次对应的是 。
A ．main()→S(1)→S(0)B ．S(0)→S(1)→main()B ．main()→S(0)→S(1) D ．S(1)→S(0)→main()2．先序序列为 a ,b,c,d 的不同二叉树的个数是 。
A ．13B ．14C ．15D ．163．下列选项给出的是从根分别到达两个叶结点路径上的权值序列，能属于同一棵哈夫曼树的 是 。
A ．24,10,5 和 24,10,7B ．24,10,5 和 24,12,7C ．24,10,10 和 24,14,11D ．24,10,5 和 24,14,64．现有一棵无重复关键字的平衡二叉A ．根结点的度一定为 2B ．树中最小元素一定是叶结点C ．最后插入的元素一定是叶结点D ．树中最大元素一定是无左子树 5．设有向图 G=(V,E)，顶点集 V ={V 0,V 1,V 2,V 3}，边集E ={<v 0,v 1>，<v 0,v 2>，<v 0,v 3>，<v 1,v 3>}。
若从顶点 V 0 开始对图进行深度优先遍历，则可能得到的不同遍历序列个数是 。
A ．2B ．3C ．4D ．5 6．求下面带权图的最小（代价）生成树时，可能是克鲁斯卡（Kruskal ）算法第 2 次选中但不是普里姆（Prim ）算法（从 V 4 开始）第 2 次选中的边是 。
A ．(V 1,V 3)B ．(V 1,V 4)C ．(V 2,V 3)D ．(V 3,V 4) 7．下列选项中，不能构成折半查找中关键字比较序列的是 。
(完整版)电子科技大学820计算机专业基础操作系统简答题总结,推荐文档
1.请解释进程同步机制中的让权等待的概念？并说明为什么要采用让权等待？（2002）让权等待：当进程不能获得资源的时候放弃处理机，避免忙等。
为什么？提高CPU利用率和系统吞吐率。
2.请简述：系统调用与一般过程调用有什么差别？（2005年）？(1).运行的状态不同。
在程序中的过程一般或者都是用户程序，或者都是系统程序，即都是运行在同一个系统状态的（用户态或系统态）。
(2).进入的方式不同。
一般的过程调用可以直接由调用过程转向被调用的过程。
而执行系统调用时，由于调用过程与被调用过程是处于不同的状态，因而不允许由调用过程直接转向被调用过程，通常是通过访问管中断（即软中断）进入，先进入操作系统，经分析后，才能转向相应的命令处理程序。
(3).返回方式的不同。
(4).代码层次不同。
一般过程调用中的被调用程序是用户级程序，而系统调用是操作系统中的代码程序，是系统级程序。
3.请描述在当前运行进程状态改变时，操作系统进行进程切换的步骤。
（2011）进程切换的步骤如下：(1)保存当前进程上下文环境。
(2)对当前运行进程的PCB进行更新并将其移入适当的队列。
(3)挑选其他进程执行。
(4)对挑选进程PCB进行更新，包括将其状态改为运行。
(5)对存储器管理数据结构进行更新。
(6)恢复被选择进程上次移出时的处理器状态。
4.试写出P (S)操作的主要操作步骤（2011）(1)S=S-1, (S 为信号量）。
（2 分）(2)若S<0,阻塞当前进程.将其插入S的等待队列，调度另一进程运行。
(2分）(3)若S>=0,当前进程继续运行。
（2分）5.阐述对于互斥临界区的管理要求（2011）。
为实现进程互斥，可利用软件方法，也可在系统中设置专门的同步机制来协调度进程。
但所有的同步机制都应遵循下述4条准则：（2分）(1)空闲让进（1分)：无进程处于临界区时，相应的临界资源处于空闲状态，因而可允许下个请求进入临界区的进程立即进入自己的临界区，以有效地利用临界资源。
【真题】上海交大2015年820真题
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【真题】上海交大2015年820真题
第一大题填空2*10
入栈SP怎么变指令的机器码 8259A级联物理地址总线周期...
第二大题简答8*5
第二题运算符LENGTH SIZE的规则第三题为什么Cache能解决内存和CPU匹配第四题接口电路的作用第五题写设置中断向量的程序
第三大题编程2*10
第一题分析给出程序的功能有dos功能调用输出写出执行完寄存器的值是一个2字节数按二进制位显示的程序第二题读程序填空程序功能是调用一个数列求和的过程并求两个数列的和
第四大题 20
给出8253的一个图三个通道有相连读初始化程序写出三个通道的工作方式计数初值输出波形和周期要背出8253的控制字才能做
第五大题 20
给出一个存储器系统有四个存储器芯片问各自容量总容量各自地址范围系统采用什么译码方法
第六大题 30
书上键盘那张图加一组数码管输出主要考8255A的编程要求写出按下按键显示对应编码的程序
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2014年-2016年电子科技大学820计算机专业基础考研真题试题试卷汇编
） 。
三、 分析计算题（30 分） 1. 某操作系统的 文 件 系统 采 用 混合 索 引分 配 方式，索引 节点 中 包含文 件 的 物 理 结构 数组 iaddr[10]。其中前 7 项 iaddr[0]~iaddr[6]为直接地址，iaddr[7]~iaddr[8]为一次间接地址， iaddr[9]为二次间接地址。系统盘块的大小为 4KB，磁盘的每个扇区大小也为 4KB。描述 磁盘块的数据项需要 4 个字节，其中 1 个字节标示磁盘分区，3 个字节标示物理块。请回 答一下问题： （1） 该文件系统支持的单个文件的最大程度是多少？（8 分） （2） 若某文件 A 的索引节点信息已位于内存， 但其它信息均在磁盘。 现在需要访问文件 A 中第 i 个字节的数据，列举出所有可能的磁盘访问次数，并说明原因。 （6 分） 2. 3 个进程 P0、P1、P2 互斥使用一个仅包含 1 个单元的缓冲区。P0 每次用 produce()生成 1 个正整数，并用 put()送入缓冲区。对于缓冲区中的每个数据，P1 用 get1()取出一次并用 compute1()计算其平方值，P2 用 get2()取出一次并用 compute2()计算其立方值。请用信号 量机制实现进程 P0、P1、P2 之间的同步与互斥关系，并说明所定义信号量的含义，要求 用伪代码描述。 （16 分） 四、 简答题（21 分） 1. 在存储器管理中，什么是重定位？为什么要引入重定位技术？(5 分) 2. 在分页存储管理系统中，页表的主要作用是什么？现代大多数计算机系统都支持非常 大的逻辑地址空间（232~264） ，这给页表设计带来了什么样的新问题，应如何解决。 （5 分） 3. 以从 I/O 设备读入数据为例，请用流程图方式说明程序 I/O、DMA 传输控制的处理过 程。 （6 分） 4. 在哲学家就餐问题中，如果将先拿起左边筷子的哲学家成为左撇子，而将先拿起右边 筷子的哲学家称为右撇子。在同时存在左撇子和右撇子的前提下，我们安排哲学家随 意就座。请问是否可能产生死锁，为什么？（5 分）
电子科大研究生计算机专业基础答案
电子科技大学研究生入学试题科目名称：计算机专业基础第二部分操作系统参考答案一、单项选择题（在每小题2分，共 20 分）1． B 2． B 3． C 4． C 5． B6. A7. C 8． A 9． A 10．D二、多项选择题（在每小题2分，共 10 分）1．操作系统是一个庞大的系统软件，可采用以下那些技术来构造作系统。
（ ABCDE ）2．引入软件工程的目的：（ ABC ）3. 以下那一些是基于时间片的调度算法。
( AB )4．对I／O通道设备的正确描述（ ABCDE ）5．UNIX文件管理中的索引结点是指（ CD ）三、判断改错题（将正确的划上“√”．错误的划上“╳”．每小题2分，共10分）1．（╳）可变式分区可采用紧凑技术回收外零头空间。
2．（√）设备独立性即与设备无关性，用户在编程时，避免直接使用现实设备名，而使用逻辑设备名，这样它所要求的输入输出，便与物理设备无关。
3．（√）在请求分页存储管理中，从主存中刚刚移走某一页面后，根据请求马上又调进该页，这种反复调进调出的现象，称为系统颠簸，也叫系统抖动。
4．（√）UNIX的Shell是作为操作系统的命令语言，为用户提供使用操作系统的接口，用户利用该接口与机器交互。
5．（╳）存储介质的存储分块越小越好，分块越小存储介质的利用率越高。
三、填空题（每小题2分，共10分）1．并行性，并行2．扩充主存容量，存储保护3．算态,管态4．进程,线程5．进程,服务四、简答题（3个小题，共25分）1.A答：当虚页4发生缺页时，使用FIFO管理策略，则应置换1号页帧中的1号虚页，因为它是最先进入存储器的。
B答：当虚页4发生缺页时，使用LRU管理策略，则应置换1号页帧中的1号虚页，因为它是最久未被访问和修改过，又是最先进入存储器的C答：当虚页4发生缺页时，使用Clock管理策略，则应置换1号页帧中的1号虚页，因为它在本周期内既未被访问过，又没有修改过。
D答：2．答：访问一个被定位的字所需要的平均时间=0.9*20+(0.1*0.6)*(60+20)+(0.1*0.4)*(12000+60+20)=506(ns)3.答：1个作业时：时间周期=N吞吐量=1处理机使用率=50%2个作业时：时间周期=N+1吞吐量=2处理机使用率=[N/（N+1）]*100%4个作业时：时间周期=2N+1吞吐量=4处理机使用率=[2N/（2N+1）]*100%。
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电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题电子科技大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试初试自命题科目及代码汇总•111单独考试政治理论•241法语(二外)•242德语(二外)•243日语(二外)•244英语(二外仅日语方向) •288单独考试英语•601数学分析•602高等数学•613分子生物学•615日语水平测试•616公共管理综合•621英语水平测试•622心理学综合•623新闻传播理论•625宪法学•688单独考试高等数学•689西方行政史•690中国近现代史•691政治学原理•692数学物理基础•694生物学综合•694生物学综合•695口腔综合•804行政法与行政诉讼法学•805新闻传播实务•806行政管理综合•808金融学基础•809管理学原理•811大学物理•812地理信息系统基础•813电磁场与电磁波•814电力电子技术•815电路分析基础•818固体物理•820计算机专业基础•821经济学基础•824理论力学•825密码学基础与网络安全•830数字图像处理•831通信与信号系统•832微电子器件•834物理化学•835线性代数•836信号与系统和数字电路•839自动控制原理•840物理光学•845英美文学基础知识及运用•846英语语言学基础知识及运用•847日语专业基础知识及应用•852近代物理基础•853细胞生物学•854国际政治学•855辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义•856测控通信原理•857概率论与数理统计•858信号与系统•859测控通信基础•860软件工程学科基础综合电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：820计算机专业基础注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
《计算机操作系统》一、填空题（5分，每空1分）1.在生产者——消费者问题中，若10个生产者、5个消费者共享容量为8的缓冲区，则互斥使用缓冲区的信号量的初值为。
2.某简单段式存储管理系统中，地址长度为32位，若允许的最大段长为64KB，则段号占位。
3.设文件F1的当前引用计数值为1，先建立文件F1的符号链接（软链接）文件F2，再建立文件F1的硬链接文件F3，然后删除文件F1。
此时，文件F2和文件F3的引用计数值分别为、。
4.某文件占10个磁盘块，现要把该文件磁盘块逐个读入主存缓冲区，并送用户区进行分析。
假设一个缓冲区与一个磁盘块大小相同，把一个磁盘块读入缓冲区的时间为200µs，将缓冲区的数据传送到用户区的时间为100µs，CPU分析一块数据的时间为100µs，则在双缓冲区结构下，读入并分析完该文件的时间为µs。
二、选择题（10分，每题1分）1.提高单机资源利用率的关键技术是（）。
A．脱机技术B．多道程序设计技术C．虚拟技术D．缓冲技术2.进程的基本状态（）可以由其它两种基本状态转变而来。
A．就绪状态B．执行状态C．阻塞状态D．新建状态3.在高响应比进程调度算法中，其主要影响因素是（）。
A．等待时间B．剩余运行时间C．已运行时间D．静态优先级4.系统中资源R的数量为12，进程P1、P2、P3对资源R的最大需求分别为10、4、9。
若当前已分配给P1、P2、P3的资源R的数量分别为5、2、2，则系统（）。
A．处于不安全状态B．处于安全状态，且安全序列为P1->P2->P3C．处于安全状态，且安全序列为P2->P3->P1D．处于安全状态，且安全序列为P2->P1->P35.分页系统中的页面为（）。
A．用户所感知B．操作系统所感知C．编译程序所感知D．链接、装载程序所感知6.虚拟存储管理系统的基础是程序的（）理论。
A．动态性B．虚拟性C．局部性D．共享性7.DMA是在（）建立一条直接数据通路。
A．I/O设备和主存之间B．I/O设备之间C．I/O设备和CPU之间D．CPU和主存之间8.程序员利用系统调用打开I/O设备时，通常使用的设备标识是（）。
A．主设备号B．次设备号C．物理设备名D．逻辑设备名9.虚拟设备是指（）A．允许用户以统一的接口使用物理设备B．允许用户使用比系统具有的物理设备更多的设备C．把一个物理设备变换为多个对应的逻辑设备D．允许用户程序部分装入内存即可使用系统中的设备10.对目录和文件的描述正确的是（）。
A．文件大小只受磁盘容量的限制B．多级目录结构形成一颗严格的多叉树C．目录也是文件D．目录中可容纳的文件数量只受磁盘容量的限制三简答题（20分，每题10分）1.什么是临界资源、死锁？若采用以下算法解决哲学家就餐问题，是否会导致死锁？为什么？semaphore fork[5] = {1, 1, 1, 1, 1};void main(){cobegin {philosopher(0);philosopher(1);philosopher(2);philosopher(3);philosopher(4);} coend}void philosopher(int i){while(1) {thinking;if (i == 0) {P(fork[i]);P(fork[(i+1)%5]);} else {P(fork[(i+1)%5]);P(fork[i]);}eating;V(fork[i]);V(fork[(i+1)%5]);}}2.文件物理结构是指一个文件在外存上的存储组织形式，主要有连续结构、链接结构和索引结构三种，请分别简述它们的优缺点。
四、分析计算题（40分，每题20分）1.某32位计算机采用二级页表的分页存储管理方式，按字节编址，页大小为4KB，页表项大小为4B。
某进程的页表内容如下图所示（图中数字为十进制），请回答以下问题：（1）给出逻辑地址结构示意图，请说明理由；（2）计算逻辑地址4206501（十进制）对应的物理地址。
2. 某双车道公路中一小段因发生塌方事故，变成了单车道（对向行驶的车辆无法同时通行），如下图所示。
为保证车辆顺利通行，必须对经过塌方路段的车辆予以控制。
请用信号量描述此控制过程，并说明信号量含义。
…页表项序号101242372485物理块号《数据结构》一、填空题（共10分，每空1分）1．数据的逻辑结构是对数据之间关系的描述，主要有和两大类。
2．程序for(int i=0;i<n;i+=5)；的时间复杂度为。
3．在单链表L中的p结点之后插入q结点的操作是和。
4．循环队列的容量为MAXSIZE，采用牺牲一个存储空间进行构造，队头指针是front，队尾指针是rear，则队空的条件是。
5．具有512个结点的完全二叉树的深度为。
6．若以{5,6,7,8,9}作为叶结点的权值构造哈夫曼树，则其带权路径长度是。
7．G是一个非连通无向图，共有15条边，则该图至少有个顶点。
8．设有一组初始关键字序列（46,79,56,38,40,84），执行第一趟快速排序后所得序列是。
二、单选题（共20分，每题2分）1．具有n个元素的线性表采用顺序存储结构，在其第i个位置插入一个新元素的算法时间复杂度为（）（1≤i≤n+1）。
A．O（1）B．O（i）C．O（n）D．O（n2）2．一个栈的输入序列为1,2,3，…，n，若输出序列的第一个元素是n，输出第i（1≤i≤n）个元素是（）。
A．n-i B．n-i-1 C．n-i D．i3．广义表（（a,（b,c））,d,e）的表头是（）。
A．a B．（a,（b，c））C．（a）D．（b，c）4．以下哪些遍历序列的组合可以还原二叉树（）。
A．先序遍历序列和后序遍历序列B．后序遍历序列和中序遍历序列C．先序遍历序列和层序遍历序列D．中序遍历序列和层序遍历序列5．与克鲁斯卡尔（Kruskal）相比，普里姆（Prim）算法更适于求哪种网的最小生成树（）。
A．边稠密的网B．边稀疏的网C．顶点稠密的网D．以上都不是6．关键路径是事件结点网络中（）。
A．从源点到汇点的最短路径B．从源点到汇点边数最多的路径C．从源点到汇点结点数最多的路径D．从源点到汇点的最长路径7．若用邻接矩阵存储有向图，矩阵中主对角线以下元素均为零，则关于该图拓扑序列的结论是（）。
A．存在，且唯一B．存在，但不唯一C．存在，可能不唯一D．无法确定是否存在8．在下列排序算法中，占用辅助空间最多的是（）A．归并排序B．快速排序C．希尔排序D．堆排序9．设哈希表长m=9,哈希函数H（key）=key%7。
表中已填关键字：13,25,68，其余地址为空，如用二次探测再散列处理冲突，关键字为75的地址是（）。
A．1 B．3 C．7 D．910. 已知关键字序列5,8,12,19,28,20,15,22是小根堆（堆顶元素为最小值），插入关键字3，调整后得到的小根堆是（）。
A．3,5,12,8,28,20,15,22,19 B．3,5,12,19,20,15,22,8,28C．3,8,12,5,20,15,22,28,19 D．3,12,5,8,28,20,15,22,19三、简答题（共20分，每题5分）1.对任何一颗二叉树T，如果其终端结点数为n0，度为2的结点数为n2，推导n0与n2的关系。
2.图1所示的平衡二叉树中，插入节点48，请画出插入位置及插入后每个节点的平衡因子，并调整为新的平衡二叉树。
4.设G=（V，E）以邻接表存储，如图3所示，以顶点v1为根画出图的深度优先和广度优先生成树。
四、算法题（共25分）1.（10分）给定两个升序线性表L1和L2，设计一个函数，将两个升序线性表合并为一个升序线性表L，新线性表L中无重复数据。
2.（15分）采用二叉链表的存储结构，用非递归算法（pop(s,t)，push(s,t)）交换二叉树的左右子树，要求：（1）给出算法的基本设计思想。
（2）根据设计思想，设计一个算法。
（3）说明你所设计算法的时间复杂度。