形容词、副词与时态专题

V 形容词和副词及其比较结构和特殊用法

1.形容词层迭修饰时的顺序 : 县官行令杀国才

e.g. a charming big round old black Italian oak writing desk

2.副词

1）兼有两种形式的副词的不同意义和用法

Clean/ cleanly, clear/ clearly, close/ closely, dead/ deadly, direct/ directly, easy/ easily, fair/ fairly, firm/ firmly, free/ freely, high/ highly, just/ justly, late/ lately, sharp/ sharply

2)副词在词组中可以修饰动词、形容词、副词、限定词、名词，大多作前置修

饰语，但enough 例外

e.g. She cooks well enough.

He didn’t run fast enough.

3)hardly/ barely/ scarcely：三个词在意义上都接近于否定。

●Hardly 着重于强调某种困难，scarcely 含有“几乎没有，接近最低限度,

不足”的意思，两者都可与any, ever, at all 连用：He has hardly any money.

/I hardly ever go out. /There were scarcely twenty people there. (那儿连20个人都没有)

●Barely 意为“仅仅，几乎不能”：She was barely 15 when she won her first

championship.

4）nearly/ almost/ quite/ rather

●almost强调―差一点……就‖（=very nearly）,可用于no, none, nothing等前

面，但不能用not修饰；nearly表示―接近‖，常可与almost换用，not修饰nearly 意为―远非‖，―远不及‖。

e.g. Almost no one (=Hardly anyone) believes her.

There is not nearly enough (much too little) food for all these people.

●在非正式语体中，quite, rather 等程度副词可做前置修饰语，修饰整个名词

词组:

e.g. It takes quite some time.

That’s quite a story.

She’s rather a fool.

3.比较结构

1）as…as: the same as

almost/ just/ nearly as…as

as many+pl. n+as, as much+U+as, as adj. a/an+ singl. n+as

half/ twice/ three times a s…as（the size/number/price of…）

e.g. She has written as many essays as her brother (has).

He took as much butter as he needed.

I don’t want as expensive a car as this.

She gave me twice the number of cards I asked for.

2) not so much…as

It wasn’t so much his appearance I liked as his personality. (与其说…不如说…) It wasn’t so much that I disliked her as that I just wasn’t interested.

3) 含有than的结构

a. 比较同一类事物时，要用other 把其排除在其他同类事物之外

e.g. The film is much more interesting than all the other ones.

b. 除了表示比较含义之外，more…than结构还有另外的含义:

He is more a scholar than a businessman. (He is a scholar rather than a businessman.)

c. no more than: 仅仅；和…一样都不(no better than; no richer than; no bigger than; no later than, etc.)

I am no more than 30 this year. = I’m only/ just 30 this year.

Mary is no more beautiful than Jane. 玛丽和珍一样都不漂亮。

Water is no more solid than gold is liquid. 就像金子不是液体一样，水也不是固体。

●not more than: 至多，不超过；不比…更…

I am not more than 30 this year. = I am at most 30 this year.

Mary is not more beautiful than Jane.玛丽没有珍漂亮。

●no more…than (= not…any more than )

A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. 鲸不是鱼，如同马不是鱼一样。

●单独使用more than 表示否定：That is more than I can tell.

4) the more…the more…, 表示两个过程按比例同时递增。

1. The patient’s progress was very encouraging as he could get out of the difficulties. (2001)