句法 句子成分和句式

2、谓语或谓语动词(predicate / predicate verb)是说明主语的动作或状态的，常用动词担 任，置于主语之后。例如： The play is interesting. It will begin at eight, so they must have dinner at seven. They are sitting there, listening to the teacher carefully.
定语
4、定语(attributive)是限定或修饰名词或相当 于名词的词的，常由形容词或相当于形容词的 短语或从句担任。根据与所修饰的词之间的位 置关系可分为前置定语和后置定语。例如： 1.John had a great desire to travel. 2.Her study plan is very good. 3.Children living by the sea usually begin to swim at an early age. 4.Li Lei’s written English isn’t as good as his spoken English. 5.The golden watch which had been passed down from his grandfather’s grandfather was lost yesterday.
1.主语(subject)
The girl is pretty. They are good friends. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. What he did hurt me badly. How to solve the problem is not decided. Whether he will come is unknown. That we don’t have enough money is a problem.
定语用来修饰名词或代词．形容词，代词，数 词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词， 定语从句都可以充当定语．
• The black bike is mine. • What’s your name? A broken vase. • I have 5 books. A sleeping boy. • They made paper flowers. • The boy in the room is Jack. • I have something to do. • It is a swimming pool. • a smiling boy a falling leaf a fallen leaf •The boy smiling happily is my brother. •The boy who is smiling happily is my brother. •people (who were) invited to the party
高中Leabharlann Baidu语语法专项讲座－－ （句 法）
句子成分（sentence constituent）
句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分，在英语中句子 成分共有7种：
1.主语(subject) 2. 谓语或谓语动词(predicate / predicate verb 3. 宾语 Object 4.定语(attributive) 5.状语(adverbial) 6. 表语（predicative） 7补语(complement) 宾补object complement 8. 同位语(appositive)
He often looks after me.
She likes to go to shop this afternoon. I don’t know what to do. I think that he is good guy. 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短 语，不定式，动名词，宾语从句充当．置于及 物动词或介词之后，说明主语做了什么，在谓 语之后．
3、宾语(object)是表示及物动词的动作对象和 介词所联系的对象，置于及物动词或介词之后. He gave me an invitation yesterday, but I didn’t want to accept it. Instead of going to Beijing for her holiday, she went to Haina. Mary often helps her mother to look after her younger sister. She said that she would come early. I don’t know how to solve the problem.
1、主语(subject)是一个句子的主体，是全句 述说的对象，常用名词，代词，短语，或不定 式，动名词或主语从句担任，一般置于句首。 例如： The sun is shining in our face. I respect him. The flowers are very beautiful. What he said hurt me badly. Going fishing every weekend is his hobby. That he had told a lie was known to all. To see is to believe.
I received an invitation yesterday, but I didn’t want to accept it. They have lived here for 20 years.
She plays the piano. I like watching TV.
3. 宾语 Object
5、状语(adverbial)是修饰动词，副词，形容 词或整个句子的，常由副词或相当于副词的短 语或从句担任，修饰动词时，可置于动词之前， 亦可置于动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时，常 置于它们之前。可分为时间状语，地点状语， 方式状语，程度状语，目的状语，原因状语， 结果状语，条件状语，让步状语，频率状语等。 例如： 1.Tom runs quickly. 2.The book is well worth reading. 3.He gets up at five every morning. 时间状语 4.The boys are playing on the playground. 地点状语