尼亚加拉大瀑布旅游攻略 图文并茂

尼亚加拉大瀑布
尼亚加拉瀑布（英语：Niagara Falls，法语：les Chutes du Niagara，源自印第安语，意为“雷神之水”）是一座位于北美洲五大湖区尼亚加拉河上的瀑布，平均流量2,407立方米/秒，与伊瓜苏瀑布、维多利亚瀑布并称为世界三大跨国瀑布。

尼亚加拉瀑布以美丽的景色，巨大的水利发电能力和极具挑战性的环境保护工程而闻名于世，是非常受游客欢迎的旅游景点。

传说尼亚加拉瀑布的形成是因以前住着一个神，如果没有每年把一个年轻女子丢下河，它就会泛滥。

有一次，有个人看中了要被丢下的女子，不忍
心，于是他乘晚上时把她带上船逃走。

于是尼亚加拉瀑布里住着的神看见了，就把河切成两半，阻碍了他们的去路。

尼加拉河自伊利湖流注安大略湖，为美国纽约州与加拿大安大略省的界河。

在流经宽约350米的美国戈特岛（Goat Island，下图中的小岛）时跌入断崖，并一分为二，形成两个瀑布。

•“美国瀑布”（American Falls）为小瀑布，包括“新娘面纱”瀑布（Veil of the Bride Falls）在东侧美国境内，占6%的水量，河水呈蓝色。

瀑布宽323米，落差52米。

•马蹄瀑布（Horseshoe Falls）为大瀑布，也称加拿大瀑布（Canadian Falls），横跨美加两国，占94%的水量，河水呈青色。

瀑布呈半环型，宽792米，落差58米。

事实上，在美国境内看到的只是尼亚加拉瀑布的侧面，而在加拿大可以一览全貌。

尼亚加拉河横跨美国纽约州与加拿大安大略省的边界，是连接伊利湖和安大略湖的一条水道，河流蜿蜒而曲折，南起美国纽约州的布法罗，北至加拿大安大略省的杨格镇，全长仅54公里，海拔却从174米直降至75米，上游河段河面宽2～3千米，水面落差仅15米，水流也较缓。

从距伊利湖北岸32千米起河道变窄，水流加速，在一个90°急转弯处，河道上横亘了一道石灰岩构成的断崖，水量丰富的尼亚加拉河经此，骤然陡落，水势澎湃，声震如雷，形成了尼亚加拉瀑布。

尼亚加拉瀑布的水流冲下悬崖至下游重新汇合之后，在峡谷里继续翻滚腾跃，在不足2公里长的河段上以高于大瀑布的流速每小时35.4公里跌荡而下15.8米的落差，演绎出世界上最狂野、最恐怖、最危险的漩涡急流；又冲进深38的漩涡潭，然后一个蛟龙翻身，经过左岸加拿大的昆斯顿、右岸美国
的利维斯顿，冲过“魔鬼洞急流”，沿着最后的“利维斯顿支流峡谷”由西向东进入安大略湖。

尼亚加拉瀑布总的最大流量可达每秒6000立方米，但是只有30%的水量流向尼亚加拉河河谷断层处，形成瀑布，其余70%的水量被用于发电。

为使旅游开发和水力发电更好的相协调，1950年加拿大和美国签订了协议，双方商定在旅游旺季必须保证瀑布有足够的水量，流量为3000立方米/秒，平时可保持在1500立方米/秒的流量。

Niagara Falls
Niagara Falls comprises three distinct cataracts. The tallest are the American and Bridal Veil falls on the American side, separated by tiny Luna Island and plunging over jagged rocks in a 180ft drop; the broad Horseshoe Falls which curve their way over to Canada are probably the most impressive. They date back a mere twelve thousand years, when the retreat of melting glaciers allowed water trapped in Lake Erie to gush north to Lake Ontario. Back then the falls were seven miles downriver, but constant erosion has cut them back to their present site. The falls are colorfully lit up at night, and many say they're most beautiful in winter, when the grounds are covered in snow and the waters turn to ice.
The best views on the American side are from the Prospect Point Observation Tower (daily; 50￠), and from the area at its base where
the water rushes past; Terrapin Point on Goat Island in the middle of the river has similar views of Horseshoe Falls. The nineteenth-century tightrope-walker Blondin crossed the Niagara repeatedly near here, and even carried passengers across on his back; other suicidal fools over the years have taken the plunge in barrels. One survivor among the many fatalities was the Englishman Bobby Leach, who went over in a steel barrel in July 1911 and had to spend the rest of the year in hospital. That practice has since been banned (though a couple of maniacs did it in summer 1995 and came away with minor bruises), for reasons which become self-evident when you approach the towering cascade on the not-to-be-missed Maid of the Mist boat trip from the foot of the observation tower (summer Mon-Fri 10am-5pm, Sat & Sun 10am-6pm; $8.50; 716/284-4233). From Goat Island, the Cave of the Winds tour leads down to the base of the falls by elevator to within almost touching distance of the water (mid-May to late Oct; $5.50). A combination pass for these and other attractions costs $16. Rainbow helicopter tours (716/284-2800) are a more expensive proposition at $40 per person for a ten-minute ride. To check the view out from Niagara Falls, Ontario, it's a twenty-minute walk across the Rainbow Bridge to the Canadian side (25￠ each way; bring ID, and check with US Immigration officials before heading across), where you get an arguably better view, bigger crowds and even more tawdry commercialism. Driving across is inadvisable: the toll for a car is just 75￠, but parking on the other
side is upwards of $15.
As you look on in awe, reflect that you're seeing only about half the volume of water - the rest is diverted to hydroelectric power stations. The full story of this engineering feat is related at the free Niagara Power Project Visitors Center in nearby Lewiston (July & Aug daily 9am-6pm; Sept-June daily 10am-5pm; 716/285-3211). With your own transportation it's also possible to trace the inhospitable Niagara Gorge two miles along the dramatic Robert Moses Parkway to the Whirlpool Rapids, a violent maelstrom swollen by broken trees and other flotsam.
Ten miles east of Niagara Falls, the town of LOCKPORT takes its name from the series of locks that raise and lower boats some 65ft at the western end of the Erie Canal. You can see the impressive flight of locks from the Pine Street Bridge, or up close on canal boat tours (May - Nov daily at 12.30 & 3pm, also 10am on Sat; $9; 716/693-3260).。