英语词源字典 Q
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quadroon
1707, "offspring of a white and a mulatto," from Sp.cuarteron(used chiefly of the offspring of a European and a mestizo), fromcuarto"fourth," from L.quartus(seequart), so called because he or she has one quarter African blood. Alt. by infl. of words inquadr-.
quadriplegic (adj.)
1921, a medical hybrid coined from L. prefixquadri-"four" +-plegic,as inparaplegic,ult. from Gk.plege"stroke," from root ofplessein"to strike." A correct, all-Gk. form would be*tessaraplegic.The noun is first attested 1958, from the adj.
quadrant
1398, "a quarter of a day, six hours," from L.quadrantem(nom.quadrans) "fourth part," prop. prp. ofquadrare"to make square," fromquadrus"a square," fromquattuor"four" (seequart). Sense of "measuring instrument" is first recorded c.1400, so called because it forms a quarter cinquaffer), perhaps onomatopoeic, or perhaps from Low Ger.quassen"to overindulge (in food and drink)," with-ss-misread as-ff-.The noun is from 1579.
Q.E.D.
1760, abbrev. of L.quod erat demonstrandum"which was to be demonstrated."
q.t.
slang for "quiet," attested from 1884.
qua
"as, in the capacity of," 1647, from L.qua,abl. sing. fem. ofqui"who," from PIE*kwo-,stem of relative and interrogative pronouns (cf. O.E.hwa"who,"hwæt"what;" Goth.hvas"who;" Gk.posos"how much?").
quagga
1785, from Afrikaans (1710), from the name for the beast in a native language, perhaps Hottentotquacha,probably of imitative origin. In modern Xhosa, the form isiqwara,with a clicking-q-. The last one died in an Amsterdam zoo in 1883.
quack (n.)
"medical charlatan," 1638, short forquacksalver(1579), from Du.kwaksalver,lit. "hawker of salve," from M.Du.quacken"to brag, boast," lit. "to croak" (seequack(v.)) +zalf"salve." Cf. Ger.Quacksalber,Dan.kvaksalver,Swed.kvacksalvare.
quadruple (v.)
1375, from L.quadruplare"make fourfold," fromquadruplus(n.) "quadruple," fromquadri-"four" +-plus"fold."Quadruplets"four children in one birth" is first recorded 1787. The abbreviation of it toquadis first attested 1851.
quadruped
1620 (implied inquadrupedal), from Fr.quadrupède,from M.Fr., from L.quadrupes(gen.quadrupedis) "four-footed, a four-footed animal," fromquadri-"four" +pes"foot." The adj. is attested from 1741.
quadratic
1656, "square," fromquadrate(1398), from L.quadratus"square," pp. ofquadrare"to square," related toquattuor"four."Quadratic equations(1668) so called because they involve the square of x.
quadraphonic
1969, irregular formation fromquadri-"four" +phonic.The goal was to reproduce front-to-back sound distribution in addition to side-to-side stereo.
quadrangle
c.1430, from O.Fr.quadrangle(13c.), from L.L.quadrangulum"four-sided figure," prop. neut. of L. adj.quadrangulus"having four quarters," from L.quattuor"four" +angulus"angle." The shortened formquadfor "quadrangle of a college," is first recorded 1820 in Oxford slang.
quadrilateral (n.)
1650, from L.quadrilaterus,fromquadri-"four" +latus(teris) "side" (seeoblate(n.)).
quadrille
1773, "lively square dance for four couples," from Fr.quadrille,originally one of four groups of horsemen in a tournament (a sense attested in Eng. from 1738), from Sp.cuadrilla,dim. ofcuadro"four-sided battle square," from L.quadrum"a square," related toquattuor"four." The craze for the dance hit England in 1816, and it underwent a vigorous revival late 19c. among the middle classes. Earlier a popular card game for four hands (1726).
Q
16th letter of the classical Roman alphabet, from the Phoenician equivalent of Heb.koph,which was used for the more guttural of the two "k" sounds in Semitic. The letter existed, but was little used and not alphabetized, in Gk.; the stereotypical connection with-u-began in Latin. Anglo-Saxon scribes adopted the habit at first, but later used spellings withcw-orcu-.Thequ-pattern returned to Eng. with the Norman Conquest. Scholars use-q-alone to transliterate Sem.koph(e.g.Quran, Qatar, Iraq). In Christian theology,Qhas been used since 1901 to signify the hypothetical source of passages shared by Matthew and Luke, but not in Mark; probably it is an abbreviation of Ger.Quelle"source."
quagmire
1579, from obsoletequag"bog, marsh" +mire.Quagis a variant of M.E.quabbe"a marsh, bog," from O.E.*cwabba"shake, tremble" (like something soft and flabby). Extended sense of "difficult situation, inextricable position" is first recorded 1775.
"Quadrille began to take the place of ombre as the fashionable card game about 1726, and was in turn superseded by whist." [OED]
quadrillion
1674, from Fr.quadrillion(16c.) fromquadri-"four" +(m)illion.Cf.billion. In Great Britain, the fourth power of a million (1 followed by 24 zeroes); in the U.S., the fourth power of a thousand (1 followed by 15 zeroes).
quaalude
1965, proprietary name (trademark by Wm. H. Rohrer Inc., Ft. Washington, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.) ofmethaqualone.
quack (v.)
"to make a duck sound," 1617,quelke, of echoic origin (cf. M.Du.quacken,O.C.S.kvakati,L.coaxare"to croak," Gk.koax"the croaking of frogs," Hitt.akuwakuwash"frog"). M.E.on the quakke(14c.) meant "hoarse, croaking."
1707, "offspring of a white and a mulatto," from Sp.cuarteron(used chiefly of the offspring of a European and a mestizo), fromcuarto"fourth," from L.quartus(seequart), so called because he or she has one quarter African blood. Alt. by infl. of words inquadr-.
quadriplegic (adj.)
1921, a medical hybrid coined from L. prefixquadri-"four" +-plegic,as inparaplegic,ult. from Gk.plege"stroke," from root ofplessein"to strike." A correct, all-Gk. form would be*tessaraplegic.The noun is first attested 1958, from the adj.
quadrant
1398, "a quarter of a day, six hours," from L.quadrantem(nom.quadrans) "fourth part," prop. prp. ofquadrare"to make square," fromquadrus"a square," fromquattuor"four" (seequart). Sense of "measuring instrument" is first recorded c.1400, so called because it forms a quarter cinquaffer), perhaps onomatopoeic, or perhaps from Low Ger.quassen"to overindulge (in food and drink)," with-ss-misread as-ff-.The noun is from 1579.
Q.E.D.
1760, abbrev. of L.quod erat demonstrandum"which was to be demonstrated."
q.t.
slang for "quiet," attested from 1884.
qua
"as, in the capacity of," 1647, from L.qua,abl. sing. fem. ofqui"who," from PIE*kwo-,stem of relative and interrogative pronouns (cf. O.E.hwa"who,"hwæt"what;" Goth.hvas"who;" Gk.posos"how much?").
quagga
1785, from Afrikaans (1710), from the name for the beast in a native language, perhaps Hottentotquacha,probably of imitative origin. In modern Xhosa, the form isiqwara,with a clicking-q-. The last one died in an Amsterdam zoo in 1883.
quack (n.)
"medical charlatan," 1638, short forquacksalver(1579), from Du.kwaksalver,lit. "hawker of salve," from M.Du.quacken"to brag, boast," lit. "to croak" (seequack(v.)) +zalf"salve." Cf. Ger.Quacksalber,Dan.kvaksalver,Swed.kvacksalvare.
quadruple (v.)
1375, from L.quadruplare"make fourfold," fromquadruplus(n.) "quadruple," fromquadri-"four" +-plus"fold."Quadruplets"four children in one birth" is first recorded 1787. The abbreviation of it toquadis first attested 1851.
quadruped
1620 (implied inquadrupedal), from Fr.quadrupède,from M.Fr., from L.quadrupes(gen.quadrupedis) "four-footed, a four-footed animal," fromquadri-"four" +pes"foot." The adj. is attested from 1741.
quadratic
1656, "square," fromquadrate(1398), from L.quadratus"square," pp. ofquadrare"to square," related toquattuor"four."Quadratic equations(1668) so called because they involve the square of x.
quadraphonic
1969, irregular formation fromquadri-"four" +phonic.The goal was to reproduce front-to-back sound distribution in addition to side-to-side stereo.
quadrangle
c.1430, from O.Fr.quadrangle(13c.), from L.L.quadrangulum"four-sided figure," prop. neut. of L. adj.quadrangulus"having four quarters," from L.quattuor"four" +angulus"angle." The shortened formquadfor "quadrangle of a college," is first recorded 1820 in Oxford slang.
quadrilateral (n.)
1650, from L.quadrilaterus,fromquadri-"four" +latus(teris) "side" (seeoblate(n.)).
quadrille
1773, "lively square dance for four couples," from Fr.quadrille,originally one of four groups of horsemen in a tournament (a sense attested in Eng. from 1738), from Sp.cuadrilla,dim. ofcuadro"four-sided battle square," from L.quadrum"a square," related toquattuor"four." The craze for the dance hit England in 1816, and it underwent a vigorous revival late 19c. among the middle classes. Earlier a popular card game for four hands (1726).
Q
16th letter of the classical Roman alphabet, from the Phoenician equivalent of Heb.koph,which was used for the more guttural of the two "k" sounds in Semitic. The letter existed, but was little used and not alphabetized, in Gk.; the stereotypical connection with-u-began in Latin. Anglo-Saxon scribes adopted the habit at first, but later used spellings withcw-orcu-.Thequ-pattern returned to Eng. with the Norman Conquest. Scholars use-q-alone to transliterate Sem.koph(e.g.Quran, Qatar, Iraq). In Christian theology,Qhas been used since 1901 to signify the hypothetical source of passages shared by Matthew and Luke, but not in Mark; probably it is an abbreviation of Ger.Quelle"source."
quagmire
1579, from obsoletequag"bog, marsh" +mire.Quagis a variant of M.E.quabbe"a marsh, bog," from O.E.*cwabba"shake, tremble" (like something soft and flabby). Extended sense of "difficult situation, inextricable position" is first recorded 1775.
"Quadrille began to take the place of ombre as the fashionable card game about 1726, and was in turn superseded by whist." [OED]
quadrillion
1674, from Fr.quadrillion(16c.) fromquadri-"four" +(m)illion.Cf.billion. In Great Britain, the fourth power of a million (1 followed by 24 zeroes); in the U.S., the fourth power of a thousand (1 followed by 15 zeroes).
quaalude
1965, proprietary name (trademark by Wm. H. Rohrer Inc., Ft. Washington, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.) ofmethaqualone.
quack (v.)
"to make a duck sound," 1617,quelke, of echoic origin (cf. M.Du.quacken,O.C.S.kvakati,L.coaxare"to croak," Gk.koax"the croaking of frogs," Hitt.akuwakuwash"frog"). M.E.on the quakke(14c.) meant "hoarse, croaking."