高中英语外刊--高二(下)阅读理解(解析版)-尖子生必备

高二（下）阅读理解80篇（教师版）
As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information，are people remembering less? If you know your computer will save information，why store it in your own personal memory，your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.
In a recent study，Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know how the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment，they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later，the second group remembered the information better .People in the first group knew they could find the information again，so they did not try to remember it.
In another experiment，the researchers gave people facts to remember，and told them where to find the information on the computer. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹)．Surprisingly，people later remembered the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet，they do not remember the information. Rather，they remember how to find it. This is called “transactive memory (交互记忆)．”
According to Sparrow，we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet .Instead，computer users are developing stronger transactive memories；that is，people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date .This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent，but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.
1.The passage begins with two questions to________.
A．introduce the main topic
B．show the author's attitude
C．describe how to use the Internet
D．explain how to store information
2.What can we learn about the first experiment?
A．The Sparrow's team typed the information into a computer.
B．The two groups remembered the information equally well.
C．The first group did not try to remember the information.
D．The second group did not understand the information.
3.In transactive memory，people________.
A．keep the information in mind
B．change the quantity of information
C．organize information like a computer
D．remember how to find the information
4.What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research?
A．We are using memory differently.
B．We are becoming more intelligent.
C．We have poorer memories than before.
D．We need a better way to access information.
【参考答案与解题思路】
■1.A
考查推理判断。

解析：文章主要讨论网络是否引起了人们的大脑记忆事情的变化。

作者首先运用两个问题来引出话题，因此A项最佳。

文章开头的问题是导入话题的，因此可以排除其他选项。

■2.C
考查细节理解。

解析：由第二段中的“People in the first group knew they could find the information again，so they did not try to remember it.”可知，因为知道电脑会储存信息，所以第一组实验者就没有去记忆这些信息。

故选C。

A项错在不是Sparrow的团队，而是参加实验的人把信息输入电脑，可排除；B项与第二段倒数第二句“...the second group remembered the information better.”矛盾，可排除；文章中未提及D项，可排除。

■3.D
考查细节理解。

解析：由第三段中的“When people use the Internet，they do not rememberthe information.Rather，they remember how to find it.”可知，在这样的情况下，人们更容易记住怎样找到信息，而不是信息的内容，故选D项。

■4.A
考查推理判断。

解析：由文章最后一段中的最后一句“This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent，but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing”．(这并不意味着我们变得更聪明或更不聪明了，但毫无疑问我们利用记忆的方式在改变)可排除B、C两项，确定A项正确。

文章中未提及D项“我们需要一种更好的方式来获取信息”。

Looking at beautiful art can act as a painkiller
(C)
The research carried out by the University of Bari in Italy could help clarify hospitals who are charged with wasting money on art and decoration as it suggests a pleasant environment helps patients overcome discomfort and pain.
A team headed by Professor Marina de Tommaso at the Neurophysiopathology Pain Unit asked a group of men and women to pick the 20 paintings they considered most ugly and most beautiful from a selection of 300 works by artists such as Lenoardo da Vinci and Sandro Botticelli. They were then asked to watch either the beautiful paintings, or the ugly paintings, or a blank panel while the team struck a short laser pulse at their hand, creating a sensation as if they had been hurt by a pin. The subjects rated the pain as being a third less intense while they were viewing the beautiful paintings, compared with when considering the ugly paintings or the blank panel.
Electrodes (电极) measuring the brain’s electrical activity also confirmed a reduced response to the pain when the subject looked at beautiful paintings. While distractions(娱乐), such as music, are known to reduce pain in hospital, Prof de Tommaso says this is the first result to show that beauty plays a part. The findings, reported in New Scientist, also go a long way to show that beautiful surroundings could aid the healing process.
“Hospitals have been designed to be functional, but we think that their aesthetic(审美能力)aspects should be taken into account too,” said the neurologist. “Beauty obviously offers a distraction that ugly paintings do not. But at least there is no suggestion that ugly surroundings make the pain worse.
I think these results show that more research is needed into the how a beautiful environment can reduce suffering.”
Pictures they liked included Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh and Botticellis’ Birth of Venus. Pictures they found ugly included works by Pablo Picasso, the Italian 20th century artist Anonino Bueno and Columbian Fernando Botero. “these people were not art experts so some of the pictures they found ugly would be considered masterpieces by the art world,” said Prof de Tommaso.
1. According to the first paragraph, people didn’t approve
A. hospitals spend money on medical equipment.
B. hospitals decorate their rooms with works of art.
C. hospitals make their environment pleasant to patients.
D. hospitals treat patients with works of art.
2. How did the researchers make the research?
A. By asking the subjects to listen to music.
B. By requiring the subjects to draw paintings.
C. By ordering the subjects to choose which picture is beautiful and ugly.
D. By aching the subjects’ hands while they are watching paintings.
3. According to the research, when designing a hospital, we should consider its
A. convenient facilities
B. functional operating room
C. pleasing environment
D. bright waiting room
4. The best title for the passage may be
A. Patients Don’t Like Pictures
B. Arts Can Be Used As a Medicine
C. Ugly Patients Feel Less Pain
D. Beautiful Art Can Ease Pain
【参考答案与解题思路】
■1.B
考查细节题
解析：由题目定位至第一段，根据第一段的内容，这项研究可以帮助那些被指控在艺术和装饰上浪费钱的医院洗清罪名，因为它（研究）表明一个舒适的环境可以帮助病人克服不适和疼痛，四个选项中只有B选项提及医院用艺术品来装饰房间，其余的三个选项所提到的：大量购买医疗设备、用环境取悦患者和用艺术品来治疗患者都是文章中没有提到的内容，所以本题正确选项是B。

■2.D
考查细节题
解析：题目问的是研究人员是如何进行实验的，根据第二段和第三段的内容可知实验分为两部分，研究人员让实验对象从300幅艺术作品中挑选出20幅实验对象认为最难看的和最美的，之后，实验对象被要求观看那些被挑选出的认为是难看的或是美丽的艺术品，与此同时，研究人员在实验对象的手上制造短的激光脉冲以产生针扎一样的感觉，并记录下实验对象大脑电波的变化，四个选项中，A选项和B选项所设计的要求实验对象听音乐和画画的内容文章没有涉及，C选项是实验的一部分但是表述不全面，它只说了实验的第一部分没有涉及实验的第二部分，所以本题正确选项是D。

■3.C
考查判断推理题
解析：题目问的是根据调查结果，我们在设计医院时要考虑的因素是什么，根据第一段的内
容，这项研究可以帮助那些被指控在艺术和装饰上浪费钱的医院洗清罪名，因为它（研究）表明一个舒适的环境可以帮助病人克服不适和疼痛，再看四个选项，便利的设施、多功能手术室和明亮的等候室，这三个内容不是这篇文章谈到的主要对象，所以本题正确答案是令人愉悦的环境，选项是C。

■4.D
考查主旨要义题
解析：本题考查的是对文章主旨要义的理解，通过阅读文章可知，文章主要谈到的问题是舒适的环境对人的积极影响，期中包括美丽的艺术作品可以帮助人减轻疼痛感等，在题目给出的四个选项中，A选项《患者不喜欢油画作品》表述不够全面，按照研究结果来看，患者会喜欢能够减轻疼痛感的优美艺术作品；B选项《艺术作品可入药》表述不清晰，按照研究结果，只有优美的艺术作品才能减轻疼痛感，让人觉得不够愉悦的艺术作品并不能帮助减轻痛苦；C选项《难看的病人疼痛感更低》，这样的表述与文章主旨没有关联意义，也不正确；D选项《优美的艺术作品能减轻痛苦》，表述正确且符合文章主旨，所以本题正确选项是D。

Parents’ homework help lowers children’s marks
Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades.Other forms of parental involvement，including volunteering at school and observing a child's class，also fail to help，according to the most recent study on the topic.
The findings challenge a key principle of modern parenting(养育子女) where schools expect them to act as partners in their children's education.Previous generations concentrated on getting children to school on time，fed，dressed and ready to learn.
Keith Robinson，the author of the study，said，“I really don't know if the public is ready for this but there are some ways parents can be involved in their kids' education that leads to declines in their academic performance.One of the things that were consistently negative was parents' help with homework.” Robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand the tasks.“They may either not remember the material their kids are studying now，or in some cases never learnt it themselves，but they're still offering advice.”
Robinson assessed parental involvement performance and found one of the most damaging things a parent could do was to punish their children for poor marks.In general，about 20% of parental involvement was positive，about 45% negative and the rest statistically insignificant.
Common sense suggests it was a good thing for parents to get involved because “children with good academic success do have involved parents”，admitted Robinson.But he argued that this did not prove parental involvement was the root cause of that success.“A big surprise was that Asian-American parents whose kids are doing so well in school hardly involved.They took a more reasonable approach，conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives.”
1.The underlined expression “parental involvement” in Paragraph 1 probably means________.
A. parents' expectation on children's health
B. parents' participation in children's education
C. parents' control over children's life
D. parents' plan for children's future
2.What is the major finding of Robinson's study?
A. Modern parents raise children in a more scientific way.
B. Punishing kids for bad marks is mentally damaging.
C. Parental involvement is not so beneficial as expected.
D. Parents are not able to help with children's homework.
3.The example of AsianAmerican parents implies that parents should________.
A. help children realize the importance of schooling
B. set a specific life goal for their children
C. spend more time improving their own lives
D. take a more active part in school management
【参考答案与解题思路】
■1.B
考查词义猜测。

解析：根据文章的第一句可知，帮助孩子做家庭作业的家长也许真的会让孩子的成绩下降。

其他形式的参与也没有多大帮助。

involvement表示“涉及，卷入”，对应B项中的participation 一词。

■2.C
考查推理判断。

解析：从第四段中提供的Robinson调查的数据表明：只有20%的父母参与是积极的，而45%的参与是消极的，还有剩下的数据表明，父母的参与没有意义，因此可以看出，父母的参与并不像我们想象的那样有好处，这与C项表述一致。

■3.A
考查细节理解。

解析：根据最后一段最后一句话可知，一些亚洲裔美国人父母提出了更合理的方式，他们向自己的孩子传达学校里的成功能怎样影响他们的未来生活，也就是帮助孩子意识到学校成功的重要性。

故选A项。

The Seeds
Once upon a time there were four seeds who were good friends of each other. Taken up by the wind, they finally landed in a jungle clearing(空地). There they remained, hidden on the ground, hoping they would be able to grow up and become beautiful trees.
But when the first seed began germinating(发芽), they realized it wouldn’t be such an easy task. In that clearing lived a group of monkeys, and the smallest monkeys would amuse themselves by throwing bananas at any plant they noticed was starting to grow. Using this game, the monkeys learnt how to throw bananas and they also kept the clearing free of vegetation. They threw so many bananas at that first seed that it was almost split in two. And when it told the other seeds what happened, they all agreed it would be better to wait for monkeys to leave.
Well, they all thought that, apart from one who thought she should at least attempt it. And when she tried, she was attacked by bananas, and was left folded over in two. The other seeds got together and asked her to stop trying, but that little seed was completely determined to become a tree. And
time and again, she would try and try. On each new occasion, the little monkeys had slightly improved their aim, and so the little seed ended up being doubled over yet again.
But the seed didn’t give up. Every time they attacked her with bananas, she tried even harder, despite her friends begging her to stop, and telling her to wait until the monkeys left. For a few days she would manage to avoid the bananas, but then the next day some monkey would hit her, and it would all start over again.
And then, one day, she didn’t double over. She was hit by a banana, and then another, but none of them managed to make her break off. She had taken so many blows that slim trunk got thicker and more resistant until it could withstand the impact of a banana. And there she stayed, growing, growing and growing.
1. Why did the monkeys attack the seeds?
A. Because they knew the seed would occupy their clearing.
B. Because the seeds produced no bananas.
C. Because they were very aggressive and bored.
D. Because they knew the seed was willing to grow.
2. The underlined word “blows” in the last paragraph probably means
A. insults
B. suggestions
C. hits
D. air
3. Which of the following adjectives can be used to describe the second seed?
A. perseverant
B. timid
C. cooperative
D. ignorant
【参考答案与解题思路】
■1.A
考查细节题，考查文中具体信息
解析：本题线索在第二段“kept the clearing free of vegetation（使空地保持没有植物）”。

由此可知，它们担心种子长大了，会占据它们的空地，故选A
■2.C
考查猜测词义题，考查根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义
解析：前文描写了种子在成长过程中遭遇猴子用香蕉袭击的场景，故判断此处应是“击打”之意。

■3.A
考查判断推理题，考查做出判断和推理
解析：本文描写了一颗种子不惧猴子的攻击，坚持生长的故事，可以用perseverant (锲而不舍的)来形容它的品质。

The Mother of Harry Potter --- J.K. Rowling
J.K. Rowling, British author and creator of Harry Potter Fantasy, was born in Yate, near Bristol in 1965, on 31st of July.
Despite the fact that she had a troubled marriage and has been leading a life for years on social welfare, she has overcome all her odds and has become a multi-millionaire in less than 5 years since her first Harry Potter fiction was published. She has also worked as a French teacher in Edinburgh. The story of Harry Potter came into her mind during her train trip to London in 1990. As she recalled, it was on a long train journey from Manchester to London, she saw a thin shaman(僧人)who wore glasses and had black hair seated in the train and smile at her. Once he broke into her life, her initiation of the creative idea of Harry Potter was born. She took six years to write the book but unfortunately her manuscript of Harry Potter and Philosopher’s Stone was rejected by nine publishers. However, in 1996, it was bought by Bloomsbury. What happened next was a history --- More than 400 million copies of Harry Potter have been sold across the world in almost all major languages. Harry Potter is now considered a strong global brand with an estimated worth exceeding $ 15 billion. Her last four books of Harry Potter series have been regarded as the fastest-selling books in history.
In 2002, she was charged with plagiarism by Pennsylvania-based author Nancy Stouffer, according to whom J.K. Rowling took inspiration from her book The Legend of Rah and Muggles and character Larry Potter. But soon the case was dismissed as she could not support her claims. Forbes Magazine 2010 has enlisted her in the billionaire list of the world. She is the twelfth richest in the United Kingdom and her net worth is said to be about $1 billion now. According to Sunday Time Rich List of 2008, she has a fortune worth $798 million. Telegraph of 2008, kept her among “100 most powerful in British culture”.
1. Before Harry Potter was published, J·K· Rowling
A. had become a famous writer already
B. led her life by depending on social welfare
C. almost gave herself up because of her divorce
D. she became a multi-millionaire
2. How did the story of Harry Potter come into being?
A. J.K. Rowling met a shaman on her way to London.
B. The train was a good place to inspire J.K. Rowling’s creativity.
C. J.K. Rowling enjoyed her train trip to London very much.
D. J.K. Rowling got some idea from Nancy Stouffer’s book
3. Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Harry Potter became well received the first time it was sent to the publisher.
B. Harry Potter has been translated into different languages all around the world.
C. Bloomsbury dared to buy Harry Potter because the company could predict its popularity.
D. J.K. Rowling is twelfth richest woman in the world and her net worth is said to be about $1
billion now.
4. What does the underlined word “plagiarism” mean in paragraph four?
A. The reference to other works.
B. Imitating other people’s way of writing.
D. The action of copying people’s works.
【参考答案与解题思路】
■1.B
细节题，考查文中具体信息
解析：本题为“细节信息题”。

根据第二段第一句话可知，在成名之前，J.K. Rowling婚姻不幸（a troubled marriage），长期靠社会福利生活(lead a life for years on social welfare)，故选B。

■2.A
细节题，考查文中具体信息
解析：本题为“细节信息题”。

提干询问，哈利波特的故事是如何诞生的，根据文章第三段可知，J.K. Rowling在火车上遇到一位僧人(shaman)，由此就激发了她写哈利波特的创新想法(creative idea)。

■3.B
判断推理题，考查做出判断和推理
解析：本题为“对错判断题”，需要把握文中细节，判断四个选项的说法哪个是对的。

A选项，表述错误。

根据文章第三段可知，J.K. Rowling《哈利波特》的手稿起初被九位出版商回绝(rejected)。

因此，选项中说“第一次(the first time)寄给出版商就广受欢迎(well received)”的表述是不对的。

B选项，表述正确。

根据文章第三段可知，《哈利波特》几乎以所有主要语言的形式（in almost all major languages）在世界各地销售。

言外之意就是，《哈利波特》已被译成各种语言。

C选项，在原文找不到依据。

虽然文章第三段明确写了it was bought by Bloomsbury，但是并没有交代Bloomsbury买下《哈利波特》的原因。

D选项，表述错误。

根据文章最后一段可知，J.K. Rowling是英国排名十二的富人，但D选项却说“世界上”排名十二，出现了偏差。

■4.D
猜测词义题，考查根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义
解析：本题为“词义猜测题”。

后文说，Nancy Stouffer认为，J.K. Rowling从她的书中获取了灵感（took inspiration from her book）。

由此可以推测，划线的plagiarism意为“抄袭”。

The Great Wall
In 220 B.C., under the reign(统治)of Qin Shi Huang, sections of earlier fortifications(防御工事)were joined together to form a united defence system against invasions from the north.
The Great Wall, the only work built by human hands on this planet that can be seen from the moon, was continuously built from the 3rd century B.C. to the 17th century AD (the Ming Dynasty) on the northern border of the country as the great military defence project of successive Chinese Empires, with a total length of more than 20,000 kilometers. The Great Wall begins in the east at Shanhaiguan in Hebei province and ends at Jiayuguan in Gansu province to the west. Its main body consists of walls, horse tracks, watch towers, and shelters on the wall, and includes fortresses(堡垒)and passes along the Wall.
The Great Wall reflects conflicts and exchanges between agricultural civilizations and nomadic(游牧)civilizations in ancient China. It provides significant physical evidence of the far-sighted political strategic thinking and strong military defence forces of central empires in ancient China. It is an outstanding example of the excellent military architecture, technology and art of ancient China. It shows unparalleled significance as the national symbol for the defence of the country.
The Great Wall integrally(完整地)preserves all the material and spiritual elements, and historical and cultural information that carry its outstanding universal value. The complete route of the Great Wall over 20,000 kilometers, as well as elements constructed in different historical periods which make up the complicated defence system of the property, including walls, fortresses, passes and beacon towers(烽火台), have been preserved to the present day. The building methods of the Great Wall in different times and places have been integrally maintained. The Great Wall built in the Ming Dynasty is considered the strongest: on the one hand, the Ming Dynasty is relatively closer to the present day, compared with other Dynasties before the 14th century; on the other than, a strict system of job responsibility was carried out in the whole construction process. With workers’ names carved(雕刻)on the surface of the bricks, any worker who neglected his duty could be traced and severely punished. However, it is a pity that the visual integrity of the Wall at Badaling has been impacted negatively by the construction of tourist facilities and a cable car.
1. Chinese people started to build walls to protect themselves from the invasions from the north _____ .
A. under the reign of Qin Shi Huang
B. in the 3rd century B .
C. in the 17th century B .C.
D. Around 220 B .C.
2. What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A. The construction of the Great Wall.
B. The conflicts at the Great Wall.
C. The significance of the Great Wall.
D. The preservation of the Great Wall.
3. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. We can find building materials of different dynasties at the Great Wall.
B. People in different dynasties used the same building methods inherited from the ancient times.
C. The Ming Dynasty established a complicated defence system at the Great Wall, including walls, fortresses, etc.
D. The tourism development at Badaling has contributed to the protection of the Great Wall.
4. Why were workers required to carve their names on the bricks used for the construction of the Great Wall during the Ming Dynasty?
A. To help workers neglect their duty.
B. To severely punish the delaying builders.
C. To trace the surface of the Great Wall bricks.
D. To ensure the quality of the Great Wall.
【参考答案与解题思路】
■1.B
考查细节题
解析：本题为“细节信息题”。

提干问，人们从何时开始建墙抵御北方的侵略。

根据第二段第一句话was continuously built from the 3rd century B.C. to the 17th century AD可知，起始时间为公元前三世纪，故选B。

本题可能会误选A或者D ，根据第一段可知，秦始皇时期，长城被连接了起来(joined together)，而非“始建”，与提干不符。

■2.C
考查主旨题
解析：本题为“主旨大意题”。

提干询问文章第三段的主旨内容。

该段主要介绍了长城的意义：reflect conflicts and exchanges ，significant physical evidence ，excellent military architecture, technology and art of ancient China ，as the national symbol for the defence of the country 。

故选C 。

■3.A
考查判断推理题
解析：本题为“分析推测题”。

根据最后一段第二句话可知，长城上的各个组成元素建于不同的历史时期(in different historical periods)，由此即可推断，长城上可以找到不同历史时期的建筑材料，故A选项正确。

■4.D
考查判断推理题
解析：本题为“分析推测题”。

提干问，明朝要求工人将自己名字刻在长城砖上的目的是什么。

根据最后一段倒数第二句话可知，任何玩忽职守(neglected his duty)的人都会被追责(be traced)，并且严惩(severely punished)，由此可见，这项举措旨在避免偷工减料的情况，确保施工质量，故选D正确。

Lessons from a Millionaire Taxi Driver
I had just finished a busy two-day business trip in Sydney and was ready to go home. When I got into my taxi, the taxi driver explained that there were several routes he could take to the airport; however, he recommended only one of them because of the time of day. I commented that he seemed to know his business. “Yes, I do”, he said. He then went on to tell me his story --- one of the most unusual stories I have ever heard.
My taxi driver (I’m embarrassed to admit that I forgot to ask his name) had been driving taxis for more than 35 years. He lived in a million-dollar house. He had business interests worth at least another million dollars. I doubted whether the story was true. “If you are doing so well,” I asked, “why do you still drive taxis?”
“I love driving taxis. I can meet people of various types. Every day is different. I never get bored, and it has given me a wonderful lifestyle.”
He then further explained that since he had not done so well in school, he dropped out and began driving a taxi. He liked it so much that he decided to make it his career. At the time, a taxi license (which now goes for about $300,000) cost nearly $30,000 --- and it took five years of hard saving until he could get one. He then purchased his first car and was officially in business for himself. He added that most areas of his life worked better if he had a simple system to follow. For example, each time he buys a car for his taxi business, he buys a brand-new one. He looks after these cars carefully until they have 30,000 kilometers on them and then sells them. He has found that this system dramatically reduces his maintenance costs. Moreover, he had done research on all the major routes in and around Sydney, so he knew exactly how long it took to get anywhere, depending on the time of day. Everything that he had learned was carefully written down. This was invaluable when he began hiring drivers to work for him.
1. The reason why the taxi driver recommended only one route to the writer was that ______
A. the driver wanted to earn more money
B. the driver was very familiar with the road conditions
C. the driver was interested in telling unusual stories
D. the writer enjoyed showing off himself
2. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. The taxi driver must have been a very impolite and impatient man.
B. The taxi driver started his business when he was in university.
C. In Australia, one should buy a license for taxi operation.
D. Buying a brand-new car has helped the taxi driver reduce the maintenance costs.
3. What lesson cannot be learned from the taxi driver according to the passage?
A. Diligence contributes to a great extent to one’s success.
B. It is important to adapt yourself to the environment around you.
C. Being humble can make you respected by other people.
D. Finding a suitable system to follow is very important at work.
【参考答案与解题思路】
■1.B
考查细节题
解析：本题为“细节信息题”。

根据文章最后一段可知，这位出租车司机花了很大的功夫调研了悉尼城内及其周边的道路，能够指导不同时段所需的交通时间。

由此可知，这位司机对悉尼的路况了如指掌，故选B。

■2.C
考查判断推理题
解析：本题为“分析推测题”。

文章倒数第二段说，作者当年花了30,000美元购买了出租车执照，为此他花了五年时间去攒钱。

由此判断，本题C选项的推测内容正确。

■3.C
考查判断推理题
解析：本题为“分析推测题”。

学生需判断，哪个选项所表述的“道理”不能从原文的故事中找到依据。

本题采用“排除法”做题较为合适。

A选项讲了勤奋(diligence)的重要性，这一点可从文章最后一段“司机花了很大的功夫去调研道路状况”的描述中得以印证。

B选项说人要学会适应(adapt to)环境，可从倒数第二段开头有关“辍学开车”的表述中推理而得。

D选项认为，在工作中找到一个合适自己的系统(system,此处可理解为“工作模式”)是非常重要的，该内容在文章最后一段有详细的论述。

Read the following passages. The passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
（C）
“Aggression” means a mixture of three features: injury (real or symbolic), intent（意图）, and emotion. Having a toe trodden upon may or may not make you the object of aggression: it all depends on the emotion and intent of a man inside the boot. One recurring question is the exact nature of the motivation. If the answers to this and similar questions were known, better solutions might be offered. Instead, the expects continue to offer contradictory opinions. It has been suggested that competitive sports decrease aggression. But many have suggested that such sports may cause it. Similar conflicting opinions have been offered about violence on film and television. How do we begin to make sense of rival views? One way is by looking at how the ideas developed historically. When Freud first considered human aggression, he suggested that it originated from the blocking of a pleasure-seeking drive. He later changed his mind, suggesting that the aggressive drive was something independent of the blocking of pleasure, and that aggression was inherent part of human conditions. These two very different views have formed the basis of contemporary thinking on the nature of aggression. F reud’s earlier idea, that it originated from the blocking of a pleasure drive, led to the frustration theory. It suggested that interference with any pleasure including, or rewarding activity, once this had begun, would produce a state of frustration, which would then evoke anger. The frustration theory has stimulated much research on both human and animals. But its limitations in explaining all human aggression are now very apparent. If you are frustrated, for example, by someone turning up to an appointment on time, anger is indeed a likely outcome. Bur so other reactions: anxiety and nervousness, trying to find the missing person, or making light of the situation by joking.
Freud’s later idea—that there is a separate aggressive drive—influenced a totally different set of ideas. Most important among these is the notion that the act of violence can release a tense which has previously built up in someone. Ideas of this sort not only have a long history, but also have a intuitive appeal because of the feeling of relief that often follows an emotional act, such as an aggressive outburst. The later Freud saw aggression as a drive building up spontaneously（自发地）until the act occurred, which then reduced the tension. This embodies a profoundly pessimistic belief about human nature. It led Freud to comment that it is fruitless to try to eliminate human violence, but we can only provide safe outlets for it.
One extension of the frustration approach is my own discrepancy theory, which I originally put forward to explain the animal fighting. Animal fight in response to sudden pain or novelty or frustration. All three situations can be thought of in terms of animal finding a large discrepancy between events and what is expecting on the basis of its past experience. When this happens, either。