2016美赛b题及翻译

B

The amount of small debris in orbit around earth has been a growing concern. It is estimated that more than 500,000 pieces of space debris, also called orbital debris, are currently being tracked as potential hazards to space craft. The issue itself became more widely discussed in the news media when the Russian satellite Kosmos-2251 and the USA satellite Iridium-33 collided on 10 February, 2009.

A number of methods to remove the debris have been proposed. These methods include small, space-based water jets and high energy lasers used to target specific pieces of debris and large satellites designed to sweep up the debris, among others. The debris ranges in size and mass from paint flakes to abandoned satellites. The debris’high velocity orbits make capture difficult. Develop a time-dependent model to determine the best alternative or combination of alternatives that a private firm could adopt as a commercial opportunity to address the space debris problem. Your model should include quantitative and/or qualitative estimates of costs, risks, benefits, as well as other important factors. Your model should be able to assess independent alternatives as well as combinations of alternatives and be able to explore a variety of important “What if?”scenarios.

Using your model, determine whether an economically attractive opportunity exists or no such opportunity is possible. If a viable commercial opportunity exists as an alternative solution, provide a comparison of the different options for removing debris, and include a specific recommendation as to how the debris should be removed. If no such opportunity is possible, then provide innovative alternatives for avoiding collisions.

In addition to the required one-page summary for your MCM submission, your report must include a two-page Executive Summary that describes the options considered and major modeling results, and provides a recommendation for a particular action, combination of actions, or no action, as appropriate from your work. The Executive Summary should be written for high level policy makers and news media analysts who do not have a technical background.

在地球轨道上的小碎片已成为越来越多的关注。据估计，超过500000块的空间碎片，也被称为轨道碎片，目前正在被跟踪的潜在危险的空间飞行器。问题本身变得更广泛的讨论在新闻媒体当俄罗斯卫星和美国卫星kosmos-2251 iridium-33撞上二月10，2009。

已提出的一些方法，以消除碎片。这些方法包括小的，空间为基础的水射流和高能量的激光用于目标特定的碎片和大型卫星的设计，扫描碎片，其中包括。碎片的大小和质量从油漆薄片到废弃的卫星。碎片的高速度轨道使得捕捉困难。

开发一个随时间变化的模型，以确定最佳的替代或组合的替代品，私营企业可以采取一个商业机会，以解决空间碎片问题。您的模型应该包括定量和/或定性的估计成本，风险，收益，以及其他重要因素。您的模型应该能够评估独立的替代品，以及组合的替代品，并能够探索各种重要的“如果？“情景。

使用您的模型，确定一个经济上有吸引力的机会是否存在或没有这样的机会是可能的。如果存在一个可行的商业机会作为替代解决方案，提供了一个比较的不同的选择，用于去除碎片，并包括一个具体的建议，如何消除碎片应。如果没有这样的机会是可能的，然后提供创新的替代品，避免碰撞。

除了要求的一页摘要MCM提交，你的报告必须包括一二页的总结，介绍了考虑的方案和主要的建模结果，并提供了一个特定的行动建议，联合行动，或不采取行动，适当的从你的工