2020新人教版高一英语必修二unit1第一单元知识点详解

人教版（2019）高中英语必修2第一单元语言要点详解
第一部分单词：
1. 对译词汇
heritage creatively relic cypress dam
app contribute archaeologist pyramid parade
chiwen
paraphrase
Aswan Dam
the Nile
Egypt
temple
department
fund
document
download
mirror
roof
cave
quote
UNESCO
Cairo
Tanzania
the Kremlin
Moscow
Saint Basil's
Cathedral
the Forbidden City
Los Angeles
republic
mount
forever
digital
oversea
dragon
protest
opinion
clue
sheet
2. 形变词汇(关注词汇的变形)
application →apply →applicant→applying →applied contribution →contribute→contributor
investigate→ investigation
professional →professor→profession
comparison→compare→ comparative
historic→history→historical→historically
tradition→traditional→traditional
Egyptian→Egypt→Egyptian (Egyption)
conduct→conductor→conductive→conduct→disappear→appear→appearance→disappearance== loss→lose→loser→
establish→establishment→established→establishing 3. 课本词汇(课标中见到,有必要向学生强调部分用法。

)
opposite briefly definition safeguard
quote
draft
explanation
motivate
affect
customs
presentation
characteristics
symbolic
surveyor
weed
1). It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.
2). Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs.
3). These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.
4). Favorable policies are in effect to encourage employees' professional development.
5). You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.
4. 列举掌握
1). Former形容词，先前的；与“latter”是一对反义词，经常成对出现。

比如：Of the two the latter is better than the former.在两者之中，后者比前者要好。

①The family rented a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert. 翻译---- (曾经的教堂)
②Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food comes from, understand that every bite put into our mouths was________(former)alive. (formerly)
2). balance既是动词，又是名词。

例句：After paying all the expenses, there is a balance of fifty yuan.支出所有的开销后，还有50元的余额。

You have to balance the advantages of living in a big city against the disadvantages.
你要权衡一下生活在大城市的利弊。

We try to strike a balance between justice and mercy.
我们设法做到宽严并济,恩威兼施.
① Also explores philosophy and wellbeing to make sure young readers have a_____(balance)take on life. (balanced)
② How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance? 翻译----- (维持平衡)
③ When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his balance and had a bad fall. 翻译----- (失去平衡)
3).limit既可以做动词，又可以做名词使用。

注意动词的搭配。

例句：There isn't a limit to everything. 对每件事都没什么限制。

The house prices in the city seemed soaring up without limit.这个城市的房价好像无限的疯涨。

We must limit our expense to what we can afford. 我们必须限制我们的开支不能超出我们的支付能力。

①Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to a waste of______(limit)resources. (limited)
②With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit____ Alice Moore. (for)
③But our funds ______(limit), and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory. （were limited）
④There is a limit_____ one's life, but no limit____ serving the people. (to, to)
4). loss名词，是动词lose的变形。

例如：All his goods sell at a loss.他所有的货物都亏本销售。

He found himself at a loss for words of consolation. 他简直想不出安慰的话来.
Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that lost dog.回家之后，Ehlers因为那只丢失的狗而感到困扰。

Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for what Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
读者她的自传，我被Doris Lessing在文学上的成就所深深的折服。

①Loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity. 翻译-----(失去自由)
②If she leaves, it'll be a big____(lose)to us. 翻译-----(巨大损失loss)
③Additional protein was found to help strengthen the muscles of overweight seniors seeking weight loss.
翻译-----(追求减分)
④They fear losing control ____ their workers. 适当介词(of)
⑤And then the inevitable happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too harsh and
does nobody any good. 翻译-----(失去耐心)
5). contribute 动词，做贡献，促成，投稿等，常与介词“to”连用。

例如：And did they contribute to the poor performance of their successors?
是不是他们招致了他们后继者的业绩不佳呢？
What can modern statistics contribute to finance?
现代统计学对金融有什么贡献呢？
Alcohol and caffeine can contribute to depression and anxiety.
酒精和咖啡因能够导致抑郁和焦虑。

①Many factors _____ to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.
翻译---(招致contributed)
②Our appetite for new products also contributes to the problem. 翻译---(引发)
③We're not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives ___ the poor. (to)
④As our society grows old, we need the__________(contribute)of our older citizens. (contributions)
6). entrance名词，入口
①We were handed tickets_____ the entrance. 填入适当介词----(at)
②Excuse me, where is the entrance_____ the theater? 填入适当介词---(to)
7). Image名词，印象，形象，肖像，概念，象征
例句：I have this image of you as always being cheerful and optimistic. 你留给我的印象总是快活和乐观。

She looked at her image in the mirror. 她看着镜子中自己的映像。

His image rose before me. 他的容貌浮现在我的眼前。

①China's image is improving steadily, with more countries recognizing its role in international affairs.翻译---(形象)
②While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images. 翻译---(影像)
8). further “far”的比较级，也可以当动词使用。

例句：Your encouragement will stimulate me to further efforts.你的鼓励会激发我们更加努力。

Please move a little further; you're standing in my light. 请移开一些, 你挡我的亮了.
Further, it has come to my attention.此外，它引起了我的注意。

It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.
不经进一步的研究就做出概括是不科学的。

9). event名词，事件，大事，活动
例句：This is a notable event.这是个重要事件。

In either event you will benefit.无论怎样，你都会受益。

① Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various____. (events)
② This is _____event for all the family. (an)
③ Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. 翻译---(苹果节)
④ It was an_____year. Even the weather was exceptionally bad. 翻译-----(多事之秋eventful)
⑤ Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell’s road trip in Uzbekistan? (2020年山东卷阅读)
A. Romantic.
B. Eventful.
C. Pleasant.
D. Dangerous.
10). attempt名词或动词，表示“试图、尝试、攻击
例句：He dived his hand into his pocket in an attempt to find the key.他把手伸进兜里试图寻找钥匙。

①For years researchers have attempted_____(show) that television is dangerous to children. (to show)
②It is an attempt_______(deal) with a set of weighty topics. (to deal)
11).within介词，在什么之内
例句：The film will be shown within a few days. 本片即将上映。

It is within our power to reward him for that. 我们有权为那件事奖励他.
翻译下面的句子：
① But now I live within walking distance of my office.
可是现在我的工作的就离居住地几步之遥。

② I truly believe that beauty comes from within.
我认为美源自于内在。

③ It had excited within him the belief he could write one last song.
这让他完全相信自己能创作出自己的最后一首歌曲。

④ When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.
当实验的老鼠不被允许睡觉的时候，它们没一个月就死了。

⑤If you aren’t satisfied, just write to Customer Service within 21 days.
如果您不满意，只需在21天内给客服写信。

12). throughout介词或副词，表示从里到外地，遍及，自始至终地
例句：Our product enjoys popularity throughout the world.我们的产品享誉全球。

The house is well built throughout.这个房子内外都建地不错。

Prices remain stable throughout. 物价始终保持稳定。

高考例句:
① After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
②Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT's center for global change science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century.
③Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems.
13). forgive动词，原谅，宽恕
例句：Forgive me for leaving some of your questions unanswered.请原谅没有回答您的几个问题。

Can you forgive me for forgetting your birthday?您能原谅我把您生日忘了吗？
①Such a person may ____(forgive)if he is late, but not those who are deliberately late to create impression. (be forgiven)
②Similarly, those who are able to view the world with amused tolerance are often equally____of their own shortcomings. (forgiving)
③That said, there is a way in which grade_______satisfies colleges' own needs as well. 翻译---(补考体制forgiveness)
④But not most colleges, save for many selective campuses, allow all undergraduates(本科生), and even graduate students(本科毕业生), to get their low grades _____. (forgiven)
14). conduct动词或名词，执行，操作，管理，行为等
例句：Are you ashamed of your conduct? 你对自己的行为感到害臊吗?
She taught us how to conduct experiments.她教我怎么做实验。

①A study of travelers_____by the website tripadvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.
(conducted)
②The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself ____ a good neighbor should. (as)
③With her dad's permission, she spent the next two years researching online and______trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. (conducting)
④Social media firms would conduct a survey _____ the kite mark scheme. (on)
⑤To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers _________ two experiments. (conducted)
15). establish动词，建立，创建
例句：The United Nations is endeavoring to establish peace.联合国正在努力创建和平。

Let's establish the ground rules so that everybody knows what to expect.
我们得定一下基本规则,以便让每个人都知道要求如何.
The fact was established after investigation.查明属实。

① A dog's eating habit requires regular training before it is properly______. (established)
② The purchase price could also be a signal that an______company is buying a new-born threat. (established)
③ The beginning of the media industry in Hilversum was marked by the______of a radio factory. (establishment)
16). promote动词促销，晋级，提职
例句：All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.
我们所有的项目旨在推动贫困偏远山区的发展。

①It involves creation, performance, and_______/marketing. (promotion)
16). give way to短语：让路，有优先权。

①Give way to traffic coming from the left. 左车先行。

17). Identity名词，身份，一致
例句：After sharing the story online, I heard from someone, who identified the lady as Erin Smith.
The next step, Debruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown.
5. 重点词汇
1). create动词：创造，产生
例句：The project will create up to 40 new jobs. 这项工程将提供40多个新的工作岗位。

Mellow music and lighting helped to create the right atmosphere. 柔和的音乐和灯光衬托出了适宜的氛围。

①A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to____rooms you'll love to live in. (creating)
②In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that ___still_____. (are...being created)
③The arts_____jobs that help develop the economy. (create)
④There's lots of room to express yourself____. (creatively) ⑤Many buildings on the campus are his original_______. (creations)
⑥There are plenty of opportunities for the____person to become involved, including workshops and events.( creative)
⑦Earth does not wish ______(再次重复)the past 24 billion years of falls again. (to recreate)
⑧What do you do for recreation?翻译
你闲暇的时候做什么消遣？
2). preserve动词，保存，保护，保鲜
例句：Ice helps to preserve food.冰有助于食物保鲜。

They were fighting in order to preserve their independence. 他们为独立而战。

No hunting is allowed in the preserve.在保护区内禁猎
①His music deserved ________in the family. (to be preserved)
②On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles, Loe and her family grow, can(装罐) and preserve much of the food they consume.
Loe一家好多的食物都是种植于洛杉矶仅仅1/10英亩的一小块地上，并且罐装保存。

③So far, specialists have worked to add preservative materials to the churches' exteriors.
到目前为止，好多专家已经研究给教堂的外墙涂上防腐材料。

④Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food_____and catering. (preservation)
3). lead to 短语，表示“招致，引发”。

例句：This suggestion will certainly lead to an argument.这种建议肯定会招致争论。

It was an illegal act and will lead to your arrest. 这是一种违法行为肯定会让你有牢狱之灾。

①Children's comparing themselves to others online may lead to lower self-identity and ____(confident). (confidence)
②Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots,____to changes in the ocean's appearance. (leading)
③ False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to _____(prison). (imprisonment)
4). proposal
动词propose提议，建议，求婚，打算。

(表示建议的时候从句改用省略should的虚拟语气。

)
例句：She proposed to earn her living honestly. 她打算自食其力。

I wish to propose a toast to our friendship. 我想提议为我们的友谊干杯。

He proposed a series of informal meetings. 他建议举行一系列非正式会议。

I propose a committee be set up to investigate the accident. 我建议建立一个委员会调查这次事故。

名词proposal建议。

例句：The teacher may require a second proposal if the first is off-topic or unclear.
老师有可能要求二次提交如果第一次跑题或不清楚。

①Collect a second________from the participant. (proposal)
②He said yes to the________legislation. (proposed)
③I propose that he_______(leave) now. (leave)
5). likely形容词。

可能的，一般做表语，也可以当定语使用。

但是不多见。

例句：If this is your first baby, it's far more likely that you'll get to the hospital too early.
如果这是您的第一胎，很有可能您会超前入院。

This decision is likely to upset a lot of people.
这项决定很有可能会令好多人不愉快。

The most likely explanation is that his plane was delayed.
最可能的解释就是飞机晚点。

①A great decline in young work force is likely_____(occur)in China, for instance. （to occur）
②These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls(自动拨号)much worse.
③The family is likely to ______(leave) the house before you came. (to have left)
6). committee集合名词，委员会。

在英语中会有好多名词，当“一群、一组”讲的时候，谓语动词要用单数。

比如：team, army, family, party。

例句：A team of officers is trawling through the records of thousands of petty thieves.
一组警察正在翻阅数以千计的小偷小摸者的记录。

A party of retired doctors is touring western Europe. 一群退休的医生在在西欧旅游。

7). prevent动词，阻止，防止
例句：The fence is strategically sited to prevent anyone getting onto the beach.
这个围栏的选址很有策略，可以阻止任何人上岸。

We must prevent the trouble from spreading. 我们必须防止麻烦扩散。

①If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them_____(turn)brown. (turning)
②The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease. 翻译----(预防心脏病)
③____is key because once ecosystems pass their tipping point, it is remarkably difficult for them to return.(Prevention)
8). donate动词，捐赠。

例句: He donated most of his collection of the old coins to the local museum.
他把他大部分的古币藏品都捐赠给了当地的博物馆。

From the starting of this month, the family had received donations from all over the world.
从本月初起这个家庭便收到来自世界各地的捐赠。

①This has led companies and individuals to donate money____developing countries to buy Internet facilities. (to)
②People should be encouraged to make more______. (donations)
③Blood ________ are required to be tested before _______. ( donators, donating)
④Volunteers came with carloads of_______ clothing and toys. (donated)
9). worthwhile形容词, 可做表语、定语和补语。

与worthy(表语和定语)和worth(表语形容词)要有所区别。

记住关键句式:It's worthwhile to do something /doing something.(It做形式主语的话，一般用worthwhile作表语)
Something is worth doing.
Something is worthy of being done /to be done.
① But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is_____ the trouble. (worth)
② I guess it's worth______ my car at home. (leaving)
③ You should make something_______out of your experience. (worthy/worthwhile)
④ Also, remember a successful ending is not the only thing_____of a celebration. （worthy）
⑤ Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than_______to save his music. (worthwhile)
※可以这样记忆：worth最短，表语凸显，worthy加y, of后带，形式最长，补语帮忙。

※
worth是表语形容词；形容词最常用就是做定语和表语，而形容词后常见“y”；it做形式主语时句子结构复杂。

10). process名词进程，过程。

动词加工。

例句: They feel much less pain in the process.在这个过程中他们感觉痛苦少多了。

There's still one more step in the process.整个工序还差一步。

Smoking and drinking interfere with your body's ability to process oxygen.烟酒会干扰你机体处理氧气的能力。

① Future 3D food printers could make______food healthier. (processed)
②The job is still in process. 翻译----(进行之中)
③The peace process has ground to a halt while Israel struggles to form a new government.
以色列忙着组建新政府之时，_______已经处于停滞状态当。

翻译----(和平进程)
11). quality名词，质量。

例句：Poor quality goods won't sell easily.质量差的货物不容易售卖。

It is difficult to engage teachers of quality.很难招聘优秀的教师。

①Outdoor adventure out take yourself out of your comfort zone for a week, discover new personal____, and learn new skills. (qualities)
②Another challenge for more than a million of the most_____farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenship.(qualified)
③They can affect a person's ability to get a job and______for benefits. (qualification)
第二部分短语
第三部分:重要句式
1. By studying old photos of the former palace, they have made the new one look exactly like the old one.
本句有三个要点, 第一是“by”后面要加doing，第二make的宾补结构，第三代词one的用法，所以值得背诵。

这里我们重点看一下宾补结构。

①The families were struggling to _____ ________ _____(收支相抵). （make ends meet）
② A war injury has made his left hand _____(stop) functioning. (stop)
③My mum was a great cook, and she’d sometimes let me___ _____ _____(试试). ( have a try)
④I saw something black_____(sit)there, but it was right next to a woman standing by the fountain. (sitting)
⑤Lancom trains your brain ___(learn) efficiently, so you absorb more information while in the app. (to learn)
2. We need to establish a committee of experts to preserve the cultural heritage and prevent it from being harmed.
本句的后面也是一个宾补结构，但已经把它当成固定短语去使用，所以我们在这里仅关注一下介词的用法。

①Baggy has become the first dog in the UK—and potentially the world—to join the fight against air pollution by ——_______(record)
pollutant levels near the ground. (recording)
②He really does want to do some good and stop young kids from _____(get) asthma(哮喘). (getting)
③For the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself to___(create)long-forgotten techniques.
(recreating)
④Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one’s head in the sand and ____(ignore) daily problems, trying to look
optimistic. (ignoring)
3. It is said that it is a mirror that can tell right from wrong.
本句是一个常见的主语从句结构，经常会遇到know, believe, suppose, expect, consider, report, think, write等动词使用这个句型。

例如：
①It’s long been assumed that human ancestors were smarter than the Neanderthals.
②It’s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis(表情符号) at work.
③It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991
4. I think they are kind of boring.(kind of译成“有点”)
第四部分语法
在本单元出现了两个比较经典的倒装句结构，并且含着典型的定语从句。

2. There may come a time when they disappear.
※※常见的全倒装结构※※：
1). There be结构。

例如：There is a large stone [in the well]. In the well is a large stone.
At the core of Lancom is a world-class effective method that enhances language learning with advanced technology.
2). 某些副词（here, there, in, out, downstairs, upstairs, off, away, now, then）和表示运动趋向的动词连用，放句首，
例如：
Off spread the ink in the water.
Now comes your turn.
Down falls a stone.
----Here comes the bus.
----Yes, here it comes.
With age comes intelligence.
3). Long live Chairman Mao.
4). 直接引语放句首，句子倒装
例如：“Pung! Pung!” came two shots.
“Come in.” said the doctor. =“Come in” he said.
以上所列后三种情况的主语是人称代词，不能倒装。

这个句子是经典的半倒装结构。

※※常见的半倒装结构※※
例如：Are you a middle school student? (一般疑问句的形式就是半倒装的形式)
Do you have any problem with the text?
1). 否定性副词(never, not, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, few, little, 带no短语，not only, neither, nor,(so), not until等)放句首，句子倒装。

I have never been to Japan. → Never have I been to Japan.
Hardly had I entered the room when I saw a stranger was wondering around the corner.
No sooner had I entered the room than I saw a stranger was wondering around the corner.
I seldom read his novels when I am free.
→Seldom do I read his novels when I am free.
He went into the room in no time. →In no time did he go into the room.
You would by no means open the door by hand.
→By no means would you open the door by hand.
2). So, such that 放句首，句子倒装。

He is so clever a boy that he can work out the maths problem at once.
→So clever a boy is he that can work out the maths problem at once.
3). Only + 状语放句首，句子倒装。

Only [by that means] can you work out the problem.
4). Often, many a, 放句首(也可以不倒装)。

Many a time have the students asked me about the problem.
5). 让步状语从句，as, though(有表语提表语，没表语提状语，没状语提谓语动词)
Child as(though) he is, he knows a lot. = though he is a child, he knows a lot.
Hard as(though) he knocked at the door, no one answered it.
Try as(though) he may, he will gain nothing.
6), if引导的虚拟
If I were you, I would have bought the car.
→Were I you, I would have bought the car.
If I had been there, I would have helped him with the problem.
→Had I been there, I would have
If you should be there, remind him of the possible danger. 万一
→Should you be there, remind him of the possible danger.
7). 特别正规的祝福
May God bless you!
May you have a sweet dream.
实战演练：
①：My 7-year-old son Ponder realized that nowhere __________(he can) his backpack. (could he find)
本单元课本重点语法是定语从句，在这里就不再赘述，可以在下面的习题中体会。

①The English youngster noticed that pollution levels are around two-thirds higher close to the ground than they are in the air at the height
_______they are recorded by the agency. (where)
第五部分练习
1. Tom has since reported the shocking findings to the government ___an attempt to emphasise that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma (哮喘). (in)
2. Why don’t we put it on Baggy’s collar and let her ____(monitor) the pollution? (monitor)
3. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds_____(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. (surrounding)
4. While doing research _____ her new book, she came across a 16th-century French manuscript (手稿) consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to _____(find) the best sand. (for, finding)
5. Scholars have seen this idea ___ practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. (in)
6. Smith has put the manuscript’s ideas _____ practice. (into)
7. Back when science took shape, academics looked to craftsmen for help in ___(understand) the natural world.
(可替换同义词短语___ ___) (turn to/refer to, understanding)
8. That is something ______ some AI developers are now eager to change. (that)
9. In some respects, today’s powerful computing machines already make our brains _____(look) weak.(look)
10. But if AI does eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely ____(be) at the hands of human-shaped forms like these. (to be)
11. All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before ____(board). (boarding)
12. The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work ____(base) on our present mental register.( is based)
13. The best books are the ones ____ open further as time passes. (that)
14. Like ____(run), race walking is physically demanding. ( running)
15. A study __(conduct) in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.
(conducted)
16. These include plants that have sensors ____(print) onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water. (printed)
17. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch”____ the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
(where)
18. That didn’t go as _____(plan). But, I tried my best. ( planned)
19. But our insisting it’s merely a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open the door.
A. reviewing
B. approving
C. receiving
D. attempting
20. China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
21. Cultural heritage is ___ ___more than just relics. (a lot)
22. This makes it an important cultural heritage site not just for China, ___ ___ all people around the world. (but for)
23. Visit the shop and relax in the café. Exhibitions, events and family activities _____ the year. (throughout)
24. However, boys tended to play with _____ complex puzzles than girls. (more)
25. Now, I see my children _____(take) their children to the library. (taking)
26.The official confirmed that the paintings were originals and _____ as much as $50 million. (worth)
27. We will visit some of the best _____(preserve) Roman monuments in the world. (preserved)
28. Yet "Apes" is more exception _____ the rule. (than)
29. Only by running on the road ___ ____ ____(才能体验) the real anxiety of driving. (can one experience)
30. We can invent computers capable of______(process)ten million calculations per second. (processing)。