具有环境意识的设计与制造(绿色设计制造)英文版

演讲：郑赫威 组员：金晓莉、孙英、占庆庆、汤金昆、叶云杰、王思凯、 胡文聪、朱晗涛、朱伟强（排名不分先后）
Future trend
Historically the selection of waste management methods was based on pure economic analyses of the quantifiable and measurable costs, and economical benefits.
Green Product Design
The evaluation of designs to assess their environmental compatibility
The relationship between design decisions and the green indicators. The aim of green engineering design is to develop an understanding of how design decisions affect a product's environmental compatibility.
The purposes of this program are : 1) to reduce environmental releases 2) to lower costs in production from previous methods associated with pollution.
Lifecycle Engineering and Lifecycle Assessment
Lifecycle engineering (LCE) may also be referred to as lifecycle design (LCD). Boothroyd and Alting distinguished six phases in the product lifecycle: need recognition, design development, production, distribution, use, and disposal.
Design for Environment
Design for Environment (DFE) is defined by Lenox, Jordan, and Ehrenfeld as "the systematic process by which firms design products and processes in an environmentally conscious way. "
Remanufacture
Recycle
Disposal
Level 2 ： PostUse Process
Time
Cost
Materials
Energy
Level 3 ： Design Factor Modularity
The principle of ECM is to adopt those processes that reduce the harmful environmental impacts of manufacturing, including minimization of hazardous waste and emissions reduction of energy consumption, improvement of materials utilization efficiency, and enhancement of operational safety.
Horvath et al. provided three main goals of DFE:
பைடு நூலகம்
minimize the use of nonrenew able resources
effectively manage renewable resources
minimize toxic release to the environment
环保意识的设计和制造(ECD&M)
Let the figures tell you the truth
让数字告诉你事实
In the United States, the municipal solid waste (MSW) generated by house- holds and industrial establishments is about 4 pounds per person each day. According to a current report, the United States has lost more than 70% of its landfill sites in the past 10 years. The report also infers that landfills in many states are reaching their permitted capacities. China environment statistical yearbook 2009, according to the national industrial solid waste production amount of 2.03943 billion tons, an increase of 7.3% over the previous year; Industrial solid waste emissions of 7.1 million tons, 9.2% less than last year. Industrial waste comprehensive utilization of soil is 1.38186 billion tons, an increase of 11.9% over the previous year; Industrial solid waste storage capacity of 209.29 million tons, less than last year 4.4% of industrial solid waste disposal capacity is 474.88 million tons, 1.7% less than last year. In the discharge of industrial solid waste, hazardous waste production amount is 14.3 million tons, an increase of 5.4% over the previous year; Hazardous waste emissions of 1.5 tons, a 99.8% decrease from the previous year; Hazardous waste storage capacity of 2.19 million tons, an increase of 11.7% over the previous year; Hazardous waste disposal capacity is 4.28 million tons, an increase of 10% over the previous year.
The activities of ECM emphasize largely extracting the useful product from raw materials, the avoiding of waste generation at the source, or using waste to create other products. In addition, ECM involves refining operating procedures, replacing existing processes and developing new, waste-free processes, finding innovative ways to redesign products, and increasing recycling.
Environmental Engineering
Environmental engineering research helped us better understand how pollutants migrate through soils, groundwater, and air, and developed treatment technologies to minimize their impact on natural and human environment.
Disposition of End-of-Life Discrete Electromechanical Products
More research is required for the recycling of EOL discrete electromechanical products，while traditional continuing item products have attracted significant attention for environment impact.
The four basic approaches to waste management.
Pollution Prevention
The term "pollution prevention" was coined in 1976 by the 3M Co. and is based on the technological and management advances program. .
Green product design refers to green engineering design, defined by Navinchandra as
"the study of and an approach to product and process evaluation and design for environmental compatibility that dose not compromise products' quality or function. "
The first approach (zero- wasted lifecycle)
The second approach (incremental waste lifecycle control)
Environmentally Conscious
Level 1 ： Objective
Reuse
A simple example
Car generally have exhaust
No exhaust green car
Overview
As opposed to the traditional "end-of-pipe" treatment for pollution control, ECD&M is a proactive approach to minimize the product's environmental impact during its design and manufacturing, and thus to increase the product's competitiveness in the environmentally conscious market place. There are two general approaches to ECD&M.