中考英语语法定语从句

我在街上遇到了这个我以前在上海交的朋友 我在街上遇到了这个朋友，我以前在上海交朋 友
I met the friend on the street. I made the friend in Shanghai. Who/Whom I made in Shanghai. I met the friend who I made in Shanghai on the street 他喜欢这个以前唱流行歌曲的主持人host 他喜欢这个主持人，他以前唱流行歌
1Friends are those make you smile, always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed.
A. which B. what C. whom D. who
2It’s quite common in Britain to say “Thank you” to the drivers for people get off the bus.
▪ We haven’t got much that you can offer us.
5. 当主句已有疑问词 who或which 时，关系词用that
Which is the bike that you lost?
Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?
❖关系代词与介词
介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物, 和whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略)
1)This is the hero( whom/that/who/不填) we are proud of.
This is the hero of whom we are proud .
定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、
不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词
短语为例）
例： Mary is a beautiful girl. The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was a drunk.
The book that I put on the table
The moving table The table moving The moved table The table moved
N+介词短语 N+定语从句 N+ ving N+ ved
主谓宾状---解释状语---练习调顺序 解释定语概念---有名词的地方就有定语 汉语修饰方式—统统前置 英语修饰方式---形容词前置，其他统统 放名词后面
A. who B. what C. which D. where
3---Barbara, where do you work?
---I work for a company
sells cars.
A. which B. where C. what D. who
原因状语why—固定句型 the reason why…
例：这就是你总是迟到的原因。
This is the reason why you are late. 例：这就是我邀请你参加晚会的原因。
This is the reason why I invite you to take part in the party.
I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see.
4. 先行词是one of,the one, 或用much, little, few, no, any 作修饰，用that
▪ Is it the one that you want ?
The girl who wears glasses is having class
拆分法学定语从句
这个戴眼镜的学生在吃饭 拆：拆成有两个同一词的两个句子 这个学生在吃饭，这个学生戴眼镜 The student is having dinner, the student wears glasses 找: the student wears glasses---who 合: The student who wears glasses is having dinner 我们用我05年买的电脑 拆：We use the computer, I bought the computer in 2005. 找： I bought the computer in 2005.—which 合； We use the computer which/that/不填 I bought in 2005.
关系代词与关系副词的区别 (where为代表的重点句型）
定语从句---
啥叫定语:修饰方式也 啥叫从句 啥叫定语从句
我的书 My book
人称代词+n
红色的书 The red book
Adj+ n
在桌子上 的书
我放在桌 子上的书
正在移动 的桌子
被移动的 桌子
The book on the table
➢关系副词的用法：
1.where 的用法：(先行词应是地点名词） The hotel wasn’t clean. + We stayed at the hotel.
We stayed where.
=The hotel where we stayed wasn’t clean.
先行词 ＝ 关系词
从句
定语从句中需注意事项（二）
※ who、that在许多情况下 可以通用，但有时宜用who,而不用that
1. 先行词是one(s), anyone, someone, those 时，关系词使用who。
▪ Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.
关系代词的用法
关系代词在从句中可以：
指人 指物 主语 宾语
that √
√
√
√
which ×
√
√
√
who √
×
√
√
whom √
×
×
√
何时可以省略？
做宾语时可以省略
Whose的用法
例：我喜欢去有悠久历史的地方 拆：I like to visit a place. The place’s history is long. 概念颠覆：
2. 在there be 句型中，先行词指人,关系词用 who
▪ There is an old man who wants to see you. ▪ There are many young men who are against him.
Fra Baidu bibliotek
不能用that的情况
1、非限制性定语从句不用that 2、介词前置时不用that 3、关系副词不用that
2. 先行词是all, something, nothing, anything不定代词时,只能用that.
Here is something( that) I will tell you.
Not all that glitters is gold.
1. 先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that引
出从句
❖ 有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用 which
1. 从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或 序数词修饰时,只能用that引导从句.
This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard.
The first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.
2)She is the girl whom/that/who/不填I went with there. She is the girl with whom I went there.
注意: 固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:look after,look at …
定语从句中需注意事项（一）
拆分法—拆、找、合
一个戴眼镜的女孩在上课 拆：拆成有同一个字的两个句子。 一个女孩在上课，这个女孩戴眼镜。 找：找同一字 翻译句子 the girl is having class; the girl wears glasses 根据特殊疑问句的知识，在第二句找出特殊疑问词
the girl wears glasses—who 合：把特殊疑问句紧挨着同一字放上去
His book– whose book. Tom’s book– whose book The place’s history– whose history 找：The place’s history is long.—whose 合: I like to visit a place whose history is long. 例：Do you know the woman whose name is Mary. 例：Pass me the dictionary of which cover is black. 总结：whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定 语,修饰表示人或物的先行词. 对物可用whose, of which 两种
时间状语when
例:我总是记得我们相遇的那一天 拆：我总是记得那一天。我们相遇在那 一天。
I always remember the day. We met on the day. 找：on the day– when 合: I always remember the day when we met.
限制性定语从句考点与学习方法
学习方法：拆分法 连接词
从句的单复数与主被动
定语从句的连接词考点 （关系副词、关系代词）
基础考点: 对人、物分别做主格、宾格的考点 （主格两个写法、宾格四个写法）
宾格时的介词前置与后置
That问题（1、that对主格、宾格互换 2、that的三加三不加）
连接词的省略问题（必须同时满足 对宾格提问、介词后置)
附加部分
————关系副词
关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系 代词一样，具有 多重作用。
o 在从句中代替先行词。 o 在从句中作状语。 o 连接作用
关系副词有三种：
where: 在从句中作地点状语,指代地点. when: 在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。 why: 在从句中作原因状语,指代原因。
He likes the host. The host sang pop songs. He likes the host who sang pop songs. .
对物的定语从句
提高练习：请写全下列从句的连接词 他们享受了你们给的礼物
They enjoyed the gifts which you gave. They enjoyed the gifts that you gave. They enjoyed the gifts you gave.(不填) 分析: 对物，宾格情况下，有三种连词which/ that/不 填 汤姆收到了一份从伦敦邮寄来的卡片send Tom received a card. The card was sent in London. Tom received a card which/that was sent in London.
对状语的拆分
例: 我们参观了鲁迅曾经居住过的房子. 拆：We visited the house. Luxun lived in the house. 找：Luxun lived in the house– where 合: We visited the house where Luxun lived. 难点: 学习判断地点时，到底是宾语还是状语。宾语成 分用which; 地点状语成分用where. 例: 我们待在据说是鲁班建造的房子里 拆: we stay in the house. It is said that Luban built the house. 找:It is said that Luban built the house.—which 合: We stay in the house which it is said that Luban built.