现在完成时讲义

现在完成时

一、定义：现在完成时可以表示某一行为或状态从过去某一时间一直持续到现在。

二、用法：

1、这类句子通常要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，这类状语通常由for或since引导。

注意：for后接一段时间，如for a long time, for five years 等；since后多接时间点，如since August 2003，since yesterday, since two o’clock等。例：

I have lived in Beijing for 10 years.

我在北京住了10年了。

I have been in this school since 2000.

从2000年起我就一直在这所学校。

2、在对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时，我们常用how long。— How long have you studied Chinese?

— For a year.

— How long have you lived here?

— Since 2004.

【即学即练】

一、用for 或since完成句子。

1、My teacher has studied Japanese ______ ten years.

2、Have you worked on the farm ________ three hours ago?

3、We have been friends _______ five years ago.

4、They have been here _______ a week.

5、My uncle has been a teacher ________ 2005.

6、I haven’t met him ________ a long time.

7、Mary has been here ______ 8:00 this morning.

8、We have learnt 400 words _______ the beginning of this term.

二、判断下列句子正误，正确写“T”, 错误写“F”.

1、I have left school for eight years. ( )

2、He has borrowed my dictionary for two days. ( )

3、The film has started for an hour. ( )

4、The shop has been open for 6 hours. ( )

【注意】

瞬间性动词可以有现在完成时，但不能与since或for等时间状语连用；若要与since或for等时间状语连用，则要把瞬间性动词换为延续性动词。试比较：

汤姆已经来了两小时了。

(×)Tom has come for two hours.

(√)Tom has been here for two hours.

汤姆刚到。

Tom has just come.

瞬间性动词：一瞬间就完成从发生到结束的全过程。

come/go to/ arrive (in/at)/get to/reach, open, close, leave, die, stop, buy, borrow,join, become

延续性动词：表示能够延续的动作。

learn, work, keep, walk, have, wait, sing, read, sleep, live, stay, play.

瞬间性动词可以和延续性动词进行转换。

(1) 转化为“be+形容词/副词等”。

die → be dead

leave → be away (from)

open/close → be open/closed

stop → be over

arrive in (at)/reach/get to → be in/at

join → be a member of/be in

start/begin → be on

(2) 转化为意思相同的延续性动词。

borrow → keep buy → have

become/come →be get to know →know

【学以致用】

一、单项选择。

1、My sister has learnt English ______.

A.For twelve years ago

B. since she was four

C. Twelve years ago

D. at the age of four

2、— How long has Robert _____?

— Since 2004.

A. been to Beijing

B. become a policeman

C. joined the art club

D. studied in this school

3、Ann is a nurse in our hospital. She ____ here for ten years.

A. works

B. has worked

C. worked

4、— How long have you lived in the new flat?

— _____ 2010.

A. In

B. After

C. Since

D. Before

5、There _____ great changes in Kunming since2009.

A. have had

B. have

C. have been

D. has been

二、同义句转换。

1、The Greens came to China two years ago.

The Greens _____ _____ ___ China _____ two years.

2、I bought the book the day before yesterday.

I ______ ____ the book ______ two days ago.

3、The film started half an hour ago.

The film ____ _____ _____ for half an hour.

4、I became a teacher ten years ago.

I _____ ____ a teacher ____ ten years.

5、They bought the books two days ago.