建筑设计中英文对照

●房屋各部分Partsofhouse

屋面roof

屋脊ridge

坡屋顶pitchedroof

单坡屋顶pentroof,lean-toroof 人字屋顶gableroof

四坡顶hippedroof

屋面排水沟valley

卷材防水屋面membraneroof

找平层screed-coat

防水层damp-proofcourse

泛水flashing

屋顶层garret

阁楼penthouse,loft,attic

天台roof-deck

晒台dryingstage

组合烟囱chimneystack

屋檐eave

屋面排水roofingdrainage

檐沟，明沟gutter

水落管down-pipe,downspout

雨棚canopy,awning

柱廊colonnade

走廊corridor

中庭atrium

山墙gable

女儿墙parapet

山花pediment

隅石砌quoins

阳台balcony,veranda

阳台栏杆balustrade

阳台栏杆柱baluster,banister

平台terrace

台阶steps

梯子ladder

梯级step

楼梯staircase(＝step)

楼梯踏步平板tread

楼梯踏步竖板riser

楼梯休息平台landing

直角转弯平台quarter-spacelanding

梯宽runofstair

梯高riseofstair

楼梯扶手rail,railing

回转梯corkscrewstaircase，caracole 踏步突沿nosing

窗子window

百叶窗blinds,louvers

旋转窗balancewindow

平开窗，窗叶casement

中旋窗awningwindow

上下推拉窗double-hungwindow

屋顶通气窗clerestory

门窗亮子transom

窗框windowframe

窗台sill，cill

采光顶sunroof

天窗sunlight

老虎窗dormer-window

通风窗ventlight

落地窗Frenchwindow

墙壁wall

承重墙bearingwall

隔间partition

空心墙cavitywall

防火隔断(分区)compartmentation 剪力墙shearpanel

墙裙wainscot

窗间墙pier

幕墙curtainwall

电梯elevator,lift

自动扶梯escalator

地板，楼面floor

夹层楼面entresol，mezzanine

楼座balcony

天花板ceiling

壁炉andiron，fireplace，grate 地下室basement

防火fire-cut

防火门firedoor

耐热涂料heat-resistingpaints 绝热heatinsulation

门槛head-rail,sill

柱子column，post，pillar

柱头columncap,head

斜撑kneebrace

悬索catenary

梁beam

基础梁gradebeam

钢板梁plategirder

工字梁I-beam

过梁lintel,lintol,head

椽子purlin

基础foundation

碎石垫层hardcore

混凝土地基concretefoundation 基座、柱础pedestal

独立基础isolatedfooting

放大基础spreadingfooting

条形基础stripfooting

浮筏基础floatingfoundation 沉箱基础caisson

化粪池cesspool,septictank 伸缩缝expansionjoint

冷桥thermalbridge

散水wash,apron

披水板weathering-board

桁架truss

组合桁架compositetruss

框架framework

模板formwork

拱券arch

穹顶dome

平拱flatarch

筒拱vault,vaultedroof

半圆穹顶concha

瓦shingle,tile

砖brick

瓷砖ceramictile

玻璃砖glassblocks

大理石marble

花岗岩granite

水磨石terrazzo

砌块masonry

混凝土concrete

钢筋混凝土reinforcedconcrete

钢筋steelreinforcement

水泥cement

抹灰，灰泥plaster,stucco

熟石灰hydrateoflime,slaked-lime 砂浆mortar

抹灰层floatedcoat

饰面finish

木砖grounds,timberbrick

石膏gypsum

石膏板plasterslab

夹胶玻璃plyglass

胶合板plywood,clip-board

脚手架scaffolding

悬臂cantilever

叠涩，牛腿corbel

遮阳sunshading

●制图与构图用语

草图sketch,draft

图纸drawing

施工图workingdrawings

工程project

方案plan

总图grid

总平面site