【2019版】高考英语：一轮完形填空和语法填空优练题(4)(含解析)

2019版高考英语一轮完形填空和语法填空优练题（4）
李仕才
Part A：完形填空
A
One day in winter, a couple of good friends headed for a frozen lake nearby to skate on ice. The boys were between five and ten years old. When they were skating, one of the boys headed deeper into the lake, but __1__ he found himself skating on very __2__ ice. Before he could __3__ it, he had fallen through the ice into the icy water below. Having seen this, his friends __4__ towards him but could not get him out of the lake __5__ the ice layer had formed back and the boy was __6__ under the transparent layer. They could see him __7__ but could do nothing to help him. Then one of his friends __8__ to see a tree in the distance. He skated to it as fast as he could, __9__ a branch and then with all his __10__ he started digging into the ice. His work proved __11__ and he managed to make a hole __12__enough to pull his friend out.
By the time the ambulance arrived, a small crowd had gathered. They were all __13__ the rescuer for his __14__and calmness. However, they were all surprised as well, and __15__ how a young boy could break such a big branch. __16__，the branch was bigger and heavier than what a person of that age group could carry, drag it to the spot and __17__ it again and again to hammer a hole in the ice. It looked like a superhuman __18__. How? How did he manage to do it? It was impossible! During the __19__，an old man spoke up, “I know how he did it.”Everybody looked at him in __20__. The old man said, “He could do it because there was nobody around him who said he couldn't！”
1. A. unfortunately B. probably
C. unfairly
D. hardly
2. A. cold B. heavy
C. light
D. thin
3. A. stand B. realize
C. clear
D. protect
4. A. shouted B. laughed
C. rushed
D. waved
5. A. because B. though
C. if
D. unless
6. A. sent B. pushed
C. trapped
D. seated
7. A. shaking B. struggling
C. trying
D. breathing
8. A. seemed B. continued
C. wanted
D. happened
9. A. borrowed B. touched
C. broke
D. climbed
10. A. strength B. wealth
C. interest
D. freedom
11. A. true B. successful
C. attractive
D. risky
12. A. bright B. deep
C. large
D. round
13. A. praising B. comforting
C. encouraging
D. advising
14. A. honesty B. bravery
C. generosity
D. knowledge
15. A. imagined B. replied
C. imitated
D. wondered
16. A. Obviously B. Hopefully
C. Delightfully
D. Occasionally
17. A. throw B. raise
C. turn
D. knock
18. A. sign B. lesson
C. effort
D. idea
19. A. performance B. break
C. meeting
D. discussion
20. A. advance B. silence
C. despair
D. belief
[文章大意]小男孩是怎么做到别人认为不可能的事情的呢？因为没人说他做不
到。

1. A。

不幸的是(unfortunately)，小男孩发现自己在一处很薄的(thin)冰上滑冰。

2. D。

参见上题解析。

3. B。

小男孩还没反应过来，就掉下去了。

realize“明白，认识到”，符合语境。

4. C。

其他几个男孩看到同伴掉到水里都冲(rushed)了过去。

5. A。

空处后为“could not get him out of the lake”的原因，故用because。

6. C。

根据“the ice layer had formed back”可知，小男孩被困在冰下面了。

trap “困住”，符合语境。

7. B。

根据常识可知，小男孩应该是在冰下面挣扎(struggling)。

8. D。

根据“a tree in the distance”可推知，有个男孩碰巧看见远处的一棵树。

happen to do sth.“碰巧做某事”。

9. C。

根据“he started digging into the ice”可推知，那个男孩折(broke)了一个树枝。

10. A。

要在冰上凿一个洞，小男孩当然要用尽自己所有的力气(strength)。

11. B。

根据下文的“he managed to make a hole”可知，小男孩成功了。

故选B 项。

12. C。

根据后面的“enough to pull his friend out”可知，小男孩凿开的洞要足够大(large)。

13. A。

他们都在表扬(praising)小男孩的勇敢(bravery)和冷静。

14. B。

参见上题解析。

15. D。

根据前面的“they were all surprised”可知，他们很想知道(wondered)小男孩是怎么做到的。

16. A。

根据“the branch was bigger and heavier”可知，树枝比较大、比较沉，像他那样大的孩子显然(Obviously)是拿不动的。

17. B。

根据后面的“to hammer a hole”可推知，小男孩要一次又一次地举起(raise)树枝才能砸冰。

18. C。

这里用effort指小男孩非凡的努力。

19. D。

根据上文的“How did he manage to do it？”可知，人们在议论小男孩是怎么做到的。

故选D项。

20. B。

老人要说明原因，大家当然是静静地看着他。

故选B项。

B
(2015·呼和浩特第一次调研)
The 100th Running Shoe Keychain
When I was in grade 6，I joined the cross country running club.I hated running but __1__ because my friends were in the club.I worked hard but no matter how hard I trained，I __2__ came in the last.After yet another meet where I came in last，I told my coach that I was going to __3__.I couldn’t run.I hated running and all I was doing was pulling the __4__ down.I don’t remember his words，but I do remember he __5__ to let me quit.I remember feeling that he believed in me even though I didn’t believe in myself.I kept __6__ and participating in the meets.He never gave up on me.Instead，he always encouraged me to keep going，and told me that I could do it.
Then the final meet came，a huge __7__ with less than two hundred students running.We learned that not only the first 20 students __8__ the line would win an award，but also the first 100 would be given a running shoe keychain as encouragement.We set off and I quickly __9__ behind.I didn’t stop and kept running.My friends who __10__ me encouraged me to keep running.When I passed the __11__，finally，and received the 100th keychain，there were still several students behind me.For the first time，I was not the __12__ one！I remember how excited I felt and how my friends felt happy for me.
The following week there was a school gathering.We were all called up in front of the school.The coach shared that we were high __13__ at the meet，and almost everyone on the team came home with __14__.I felt ashamed，for I was the one who didn’t win an award.I only came in the 100th place and didn’t
__15__ his praise.Then he came behind me，put his hands on my shoulders and told the school he was __16__ of me because I never gave up and because of that，I pulled from last __17__ to the middle of the race—which was an unbelievable personal __18__.He spoke on how we all __19__ one another and how well we worked together，__20__ we all were racing alone.
I still keep that keychain，which tells me never to give up and always work
with others.It doesn’t matter if you are the first；what matters is doing your best.
【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。

不擅跑步的作者加入跑步俱乐部在比赛中屡屡失意。

作者萌生退意，后来在教练的鼓励和队友的支持下取得了很大进步，从而得出了不轻言放弃、要与他人合作的人生感悟。

1．A.joined B．obeyed
C．agreed D．practised
解析：选A。

考查动词辨析。

join意为“参加，加入”；obey意为“服从，遵守”；agree意为“同意”；practise意为“练习”。

由文章第一句中的“joined”提示可知，作者尽管不喜欢跑步，但还是因为自己的朋友参加了而加入了跑步俱乐部。

故答案选A。

2．A.approximately B．constantly
C．personally D．absolutely
解析：选B。

考查副词辨析。

approximately意为“大约”；constantly意为“始终，一直”；personally意为“亲自地，个别地”；absolutely意为“完全地，绝对地”。

空格前一分句为让步状语从句，所以此空格所在的句子应与前一分句构成转折。

由此可知，此处指不管作者怎么努力训练但还是经常跑最后一名。

这与下文作者想退出比赛相呼应。

故答案选B。

3．A.fall B．lose
C．quit D．rest
解析：选C。

考查动词辨析。

fall意为“摔倒，掉下”；lose意为“丢失，失败”；quit意为“退出”；rest意为“休息”。

由上文可知，作者经常跑最后一名，在经历了又一次失败后，作者告诉教练自己想退出俱乐部的比赛。

故答案选C。

4．A.score B．coach
C．record D．team
解析：选D。

考查名词辨析。

score意为“分数”；coach意为“教练”；record 意为“记录”；team意为“队伍”。

结合语境可知，作者退赛的原因是讨厌跑步并且自己一直在拖队伍的后腿。

pull down意为“拖后腿”。

故答案选D。

5．A.regretted B．forbade
C．hesitated D．refused
解析：选D。

考查动词辨析。

regret意为“后悔”；forbid意为“禁止”；hesitate
意为“犹豫”；refuse意为“拒绝”。

根据下文作者继续训练与参加比赛的事实可知，作者提出退赛时，教练没有同意。

故答案选D。

6．A.begging B．training
C．failing D．applying
解析：选B。

考查动词辨析。

beg意为“乞求”；train意为“训练”；fail意为“失败”；apply意为“申请”。

根据句中“kept”和“and participating in the meets”可知，教练拒绝了作者的退赛请求并给予作者鼓励与信任，因此作者又继续训练了。

故答案选B。

7．A.amount B．success
C．affair D．honour
解析：选C。

考查名词辨析。

amount意为“数量”；success意为“成功”；affair意为“事件”；honour意为“荣耀”。

此空格所在部分为“the final meet”的同位语，是对它进行解释。

由空格后的参赛选手数量“less than two hundred students”可知，本次比赛为一场大型赛事。

故答案选C。

8．A.across B．beyond
C．over D．to
解析：选A。

考查介词辨析。

across意为“(从表面)通过”；beyond意为“(抽象意义上的)超越”；over意为“(从上方)越过”；to意为“到达”。

根据句意可知，此处指完成比赛跑过终点线的前20名选手将获奖。

故答案选A。

9．A.followed B．kept
C．left D．fell
解析：选D。

考查动词辨析。

follow意为“跟随”；keep意为“保持”；leave 意为“留下”；fall意为“落下”。

fall behind意为“落后”，为固定搭配。

本句句意为：我们开始跑了，我很快就落后了。

C项为干扰项，如选用，须用被动语态，故排除。

故答案选D。

10．A.helped B．passed
C．inspired D．supported
解析：选B。

考查动词辨析。

help意为“帮助”；pass意为“路过”；inspire 意为“启发”；support意为“支持”。

根据文意可知，作者落后了，许多作者的朋友们从作者身边跑过时都鼓励他继续奔跑。

故答案选B。

11．A.field B．test
C．line D．match
解析：选C。

考查名词辨析。

field意为“田地，场地”；test意为“测验”；line 意为“(终点)线”；match意为“比赛”。

根据此空格前的“passed”和空格后的“finally”提示可知，作者最终跑过了终点线。

故答案选C。

12．st B．least
C．quickest D．farthest
解析：选A。

考查形容词辨析。

last意为“最后的”；least“最少的”；quickest 意为“最快的”；farthest意为“最远的”。

根据上一句中的“received the 100th keychain”可知，作者跑了第100名。

上文提到参赛选手有将近200名，所以有史以来第一次，作者不是最后一名。

故答案选A。

13．A.speeds B．spots
C．quality D．chance
解析：选B。

考查名词辨析。

speed意为“速度”；spot意为“点”；quality 意为“质量”；chance意为“机会”。

本句及之后的内容表明教练在表扬队员，此空格前有“high”，与spots搭配有“亮点”的意思，指队员们是比赛场上的亮点。

故答案选B。

14．A.presents B．awards
C．wishes D．keychains
解析：选B。

考查名词辨析。

present意为“礼物”；award意为“奖项”；wish 意为“愿望”；keychain意为“钥匙圈”。

由比赛奖励规则可知，前20名获得奖项，前100名获得运动鞋钥匙圈奖励。

根据后一句“I felt ashamed，for I was the one who didn’t win an award.”可知，大部分队友都获得了award(奖项)。

故答案选B。

15．A.deserve B．value
C．believe D．request
解析：选A。

考查动词辨析。

deserve意为“应得”；value意为“看重”；believe 意为“相信”；request意为“要求”。

根据上文可知，作者没有获得奖项，只得到第100名，于是感到羞愧，觉得自己没资格获得教练的表扬。

故答案选A。

16．A.aware B．sure
C．capable D．proud
解析：选D。

考查形容词辨析。

aware意为“意识到的”；sure意为“确定的”；capable意为“胜任的”；proud意为“自豪的”。

根据空格后的“because I never gave up and because... unbelievable personal...”可知，教练为作者不放弃并取得的巨大进步感到自豪。

故答案选D。

17．A.number B．place
C．race D．minute
解析：选B。

考查名词辨析。

number意为“数量”；place意为“位置，名次”；race意为“比赛”；minute意为“分钟”。

此处指教练表扬“我”从最后一名上升到中间的名次。

故答案选B。

18．A.victory B．ambition
C．matter D．opinion
解析：选A。

考查名词辨析。

victory意为“胜利”；ambition意为“野心”；matter意为“物质，事情”；opinion意为“观点，看法”。

本句中，教练表扬“我”经过努力提升了名次，这对“我”自己来说是一个难以置信的胜利。

故答案选A。

19．A.introduced B．encouraged
C．proved D．attracted
解析：选B。

考查动词辨析。

introduce意为“介绍”；encourage意为“鼓励”；prove意为“证明”；attract意为“吸引”。

此处指教练表扬“我们”彼此相互鼓励与合作，与文章第二段中的“My friends who ______ me encouraged me to keep running.”相呼应。

故答案选B。

20．A.as if B．in case
C．even though D．as long as
解析：选C。

考查连词辨析。

as if意为“似乎”；in case意为“万一”；even though意为“即使”；as long as意为“只要”。

本句为从句，由逗号前的主句中“together”和从句中的“alone”可知，此从句与主句构成转折关系，应为让步状语从句，句意为：他说尽管我们都是独自参加比赛，但我们相互鼓励与合作。

故答案选C。

Part B：短文语法填空
Philip was a junior office assistant in a large company. He was quite ambitious, so he was keen to make a good 1.________ (impress) on the boss. He often stayed late at the office, to show 2.________ committed and hardworking he was. One evening, he was just 3.________ to go home when he saw his boss 4.________ (stand) in front of the shredder (碎纸机), holding a document.
“Ah, Philip! I'm glad you're still here in the office！”said the boss，“Good
5.________ (see) all your hard work and professionalism. Now I wonder if you could help me.”
“Of course，”replied Philip.“It's no trouble.”
“Good man! You see, my secretary has already gone home 6.________ I haven't got a clue how this thing works. It's so important that I have to get this done before tomorrow. If you 7.________ (can) do this one more thing before you go home, I'd 8.________ (real) appreciate it.”
“No problem，”said Philip, 9.________ (happiness) to be asked to do such a simple job.
He took the document from his boss, turned on the machine, inserted the document and pressed the start button.
“That's excellent，”said the boss, as the document vanished into the shredder (碎纸机). “I just need two 10.________ (copy).”
【参考答案】
1．impression make a good impression on sb.是固定短语，意为“给某人留下好印象”。

2．how句意：他经常在办公室里待到很晚，以此来显示他是多么地敬业和勤奋。

“committed”和“hardworking”是形容词，所以用副词how修饰，表示程度。

3．about固定句型be about to do sth. when ...意为“正要做某事时突然……”。

故填about。

4．standing动词see后通常接动词原形或现在分词作宾语补足语，此处表示正
在发生的动作，所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。

5．to see分析句子结构可知，形容词“Good”前省略了it is，所以用动词不定式作真正的主语。

6．and分析句子结构可知，此处用连词and连接两个并列的句子。

7．could根据主句中的谓语动词可知，此处是指与现在事实相反的虚拟，所以if 引导的条件状语从句中的谓语动词要用一般过去时。

故填could。

8．really应用副词修饰动词“appreciate”。

real的副词形式为really。

9．happy根据语境可知，Philip很高兴被要求做这样简单的工作。

分析句子结构可知，空格处用形容词happy作状语，表伴随。

10．copies根据数词“two”可知，此处名词应使用复数形式。

copy的复数形式为copies。