Therebe句型的几种特殊结构及其用法

There be 句型的几种特殊结构及其用法

There be句型是一种应用十分广泛和频繁的句型。但是对there be句型的多变的特点及其特殊

结构的复杂性，并不是每个考生都熟悉了解。在大学英语四级考试题中也常常遇到这一句型

结构的试题。

例如：

Ann never dreams of _________ for her to be sent abroad very soon．

A）there to be a chance

B）there being a chance

C）there be a chance

D）being a chance 该题的答案为B）。

动词dream of 要求跟V-ing 分词结构作宾语，更准确地讲是介词of后要求跟V-ing 分词结构作宾语，there being a chance意为"有一个机会"；A）和C）两项均不符合句子结构的要求，

所以不是答案选项，而D）项being a chance 虽然是V-ing 分词结构，但语义不通，故不能

雪

又如：

No one had told Smith about ____ a lecture the following day．

A）there be B）there would be C）there was D）there being

该题的答案为D）。介词about 后要求跟V-ing 分词结构作宾语，there being（a lecture）意为"有（一个讲座）"，而A）、B）和C）项内容均不符合结构要求，故不能雪再如：

It is fairly common in Africa for there to be an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping，singing，or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound．

该句子中出现了for there to be 的结构，如果按照上一题的解题思路去理解：介词后要求跟

V-ing 分词结构作宾语，那么，这一结构似乎是错的；但是，实际上此结构没有错，此处只

能够用for there to be，而不能用there being。为什么呢？这就是本文想要解答的问题：there be 句型的特殊结构及其用法。笔者将there be 句型的几种特殊结构及其用法进行归纳、总

结如下，供读者参考。

一、there be句型与各种情态动词连用。

例如：

There must be something wrong here．

There might still be some vacant seats in the rear．

There ought to be something with which to fill your stocking．

二、there be句型中的谓语动词be被be likely to be，happen to be，seem（to be），occur等代替，用来描写事物。例如：

There are likely to be more difficulties than they have been prepared for．

There happened to be nobody in the room．

There doesn’t seem to be much hope of our beating that team ．

There seems no doubt that the general character of the landscape，the relative length of day and night，and the climate must all play a big part in determining what kind of people we are．

There have occurred many great changes since we met last．

三、there be 句型中的谓语动词be被一些不及物动词代替，如live，stand，exist，remain等，用来表示"静止、存在、有"。例如：

There lives a family of five in the village．

There remains nothing more to be done．

There stands the Monument to the People’s Heroes at the center of the Tiananmen Square．

There exist different opinions on this question．

四、there be 句型中的谓语动词be被一些不及物动词代替，如come，spring up，appear，emerge，arrive，enter，follow, 等，用来表示"突然出现"。例如：

There appears to be no substitute for this stuff yet．

There came a company of actors and actresses．

There followed a spirited discussion after class．

五、there be句型中be用不定式，形成"（for）there to be ＋宾格词"结构，表示"有"或"存在（某种情况）"，在"（for）there to be ＋宾格词"的结构中，主语是宾格词。这种不定式结构

在句中作逻辑宾语、状语和主语。

1．"there to be ＋宾格词"在句中作宾语。例如：

The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams．

"there to be ＋宾格词"结构在句中作动词expect的宾语，句中的宾格词m ore review- ing classes作"there to be"不定式结构的逻辑主语。特别应该注意的是there后的不定式只能用"to be"的形式，因为这种不定式结构是从"there be"结构转化而来的。又如：

People don’t want there to be another war．

Members like there to be plenty of choice．

Perhaps transportation and the means of communication have really made it possible for there to be an end to the big cities．

It is fairly common in Africa for there to be an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping，singing，or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound．"there to be ＋宾格词"结构在句中作介词for的宾语，句中的宾格词an ensemble of expert musicians 作"there to be"不定式结构的逻辑主语。

2．"for there to be ＋宾格词"在句中作状语。例如：

It isn’t cold enough for there to be a frost tonight，so I can leave Jim ’s car out quite safely．（"for there to be ＋宾格词"作结果状语）

特别应该注意的是，"for there to be ＋宾格词"在句中作状语时必须用介词for引出there be 后面的宾格词。又如：

For there to be successful communication，there must be attentiveness and involvement in the discussing itself by all present．（"for there to be ＋宾格词"作目的状语）

They planned for there to be another meeting．（"for there to be ＋宾格词"作目的状语）

3．"there to be ＋宾格词"在句中作主语。例如：

It’s a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company．特别应该注意的是，"for there to be ＋宾格词"在句中作主语时必须用介词for引出there be后面的宾格词。又如：