人教版高中英语选修八Unit1知识点梳理()

英语选修八U1

词汇

单词

△California 加利福尼亚（州）——→△Californian 加利福尼亚（州）人

△illustrate vt. 说明；阐明

★ 说明性

◆ an illustrated textbook 有插图的课本

illustrate sth with sth

◆ His lecture was illustrated with photos taken during the expedition. 他在演讲中使

用了探险时拍摄的照片。

★ to make the meaning of sth clearer by using examples, pictures, etc.（用示

例、图画等）说明，解释

◆ To illustrate my point,let me tell you a little story.为了说明我的观点，让我来

给你们讲个小故事。

◆ Last year's sales figures are illustrated in Figure 2. 图 2 显示了去年的销售数字。

★illustrate how, what, etc…

◆ Here's an example to illustrate what I mean. 这儿有个例子可以说明我的意思。

◆ The incident illustrates the need for better security measures.这次事件说明

了加强安全措施的必要。

★ illustrate that…表明…真实；显示…存在（to show that sth is true or that

a situation exists ）

拓展

Referring to a chart, graph or table 描述图或表

■ This bar chart ILLUSTRATES how many journeys people made on

public transport over a three-month period.

这个柱状图显示三个月期间人们乘坐公共交通往来的次数。

■ This table COMPARES bus, train, and taxi use between April and June.

这个表比较了四月至六月公交车、火车和出租车的使用情况。

■ The results ARE SHOWN in the chart below.

结果显示在下面的图表中。

■ In this pie chart, the survey results ARE BROKEN DOWN by age.

在这个饼分图中，调查结果按年龄划分。

■ This pie chart BREAKS DOWN the survey results by age.这个饼分图按年龄对调查结果进行分类。

■ AS CAN BE SEEN FROM these results, younger people use buses

more than older people.

从结果可以看出，年轻人比老年人乘坐公交车的频率更高。

■ ACCORDING TO these figures, bus travel accounts for 60% of public

transport use.

从这些数字看，乘坐公交车出行占公共交通使用率的60%。

■ FROM the data in the above graph, IT IS APPARENT THAT buses are the most widely used form of public transport.

从上图的数据明显看出：公交车是公共交通中使用最广泛的类型。

distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的——→distinction n. 差别；区分；卓著

1. easily or clearly heard, seen, felt, etc. 清晰的；清楚的；明白的；明显的

◆ There was a distinct smell of gas.

有一股明显的煤气味。

◆ His voice was quiet but every word was distinct.

他说话声音不大，但字字清晰。

2 .clearly di?erent or of a di?erent kind 截然不同的；有区别的；不同种类的

◆ The results of the survey fell into two distinct groups.

调查结果分为截然不同的两组。

★distinct from sth

◆ Jamaican reggae music is quite distinct from North American jazz or blues.牙买加的雷盖音乐完全不同于北美的爵士乐或布鲁斯音乐。

◆ rural areas, as distinct from major cities

完全不同于大城市的农村地区

3 [only before noun ] used to emphasize that you think an idea or situation

definitely exists and is important 确定无疑的；确实的；确切的

◆ Being tall gave Tony a distinct advantage.

托尼个子高是个明显的优势。

◆ I had the distinct impression I was being watched.

我确实感到有人在监视我。

◆ A strike is now a distinct possibility.

目前罢工确有可能发生。

? dis·tinct·ly

◆ I distinctly heard someone calling me. 我清楚地听到有人在叫我。

◆ a distinctly Australian accent 明显的澳大利亚口音

◆ He could remember everything very distinctly . 他什么事都能记得清清楚楚。

△immigrate vi. 移入（外国定居）——→immigration n. 移民；移居入境—

—→△immigrant n. （从外国移入的）移民

★immigrate(to…)\ (from…)

to come and live permanently in a country a er leaving your own country （从外地）移居；移民

比较

emigrate (from…)\ (to…)

to leave your own country to go and live permanently in another country 移居国

外；移民

strait n. 海峡

生义

a very di?icult situation especially because of lack of money （尤指经济拮据引

起的）困境，境况窘迫

◆ The factory is in dire straits. 工厂岌岌可危。

◆ She found herself in desperate financial straits. 她发觉自己经济状况极为窘

迫。

△Bering 白令海峡

Arctic adj. 北极的；北极区的

the Arctic 北极

means n. 手段；方法

★ [countable ] means(of sth/of doing sth)

1.an action, an object or a system by which a result is achieved; a way of

achieving or doing sth 方式；方法；途径

◆ Television is an e?ective means of communication.

电视是一种有效的传播途径。

◆ Is there any means of contacting him?

有没有什么办法和他取得联系？

◆ We needed to get to London but we had no means of transport.

我们需要去伦敦，但却没有任何交通工具。

2 [plural ] the money that a person has 财富；钱财

◆ People should pay according to their means.

人们应该按照各自的负担能力来消费。

◆ He doesn't have the means to support a wife and child.

他无钱养活妻小。

◆ Private school fees are beyond the means of most people (= more than they can a?ord).

私立学校的费用是大多数人无力支付的。

◆ Are the monthly repayments within your means (= can you a?ord them)?

这样按月还钱，你负担得了吗？

◆ Try to live within your means (= not spend more money than you have).

要尽可能量入为出。

◆ a man of means (= a rich man) 有钱人

IDIOMS

★by ?all means

used to say that you are very willing for sb to have sth or do sth 可以；当然行；没问题

◆?Do you mind if I have a look?? ?By all means.?

“我看一眼行吗？”“当然可以。”

★ by means of sth

( formal) with the help of sth 借助…手段；依靠…方法

◆ The load was lied by means of a crane.

重物是用起重机吊起来的。

★by no means | not by any means

not at all 决不；一点也不

◆ She is by no means an inexperienced teacher.

她绝不是个毫无经验的教师。

◆ We haven't won yet, not by any means.

我们离成功还远着呢。

★ a means to an end

a thing or action that is not interesting or important in itself but is a way of

achieving sth else （本身并不重要或有趣的）达到目的的手段

◆ He doesn't particularly like the work but he sees it as a means to an end.

他不怎么喜欢这项工作，只是把它看作达到目的的手段而已。

△prehistoric adj. 史前的

majority n. 大多数；大半

ministry n. （政府的）部；（全体）牧师；牧师的职责

Catholic adj. 天主教的

n. 天主教徒

△Alaska n. 阿拉斯加（州）

△San Francisco n. 圣弗朗西斯科（也称旧金山）△adventurer n. 冒险家

△despite prep. 尽管；不管

1 used to show that sth happened or is true although sth else might have

happened to prevent it 即使；尽管

◆ Her voice was shaking despite all her e?orts to control it.

尽管她竭尽全力控制自己，声音仍然在颤抖。

◆ Despite applying for hundreds of jobs, he is still out of work.

尽管他申请了数百个工作，但仍然在失业中。

◆ She was good at physics despite the fact that she found it boring.

尽管她认为物理枯燥无味，她却学得很好。

2 despite yourself used to show that sb did not intend to do the thing mentioned 尽

管（自己）不愿意

◆ He had to laugh despite himself. #续写

他不想笑，但还是忍不住笑了出来。#续写

★ in spite of

hardship n. 苦难；困苦

elect vt. 选择；决定做某事；选举某人

VERB

1 to choose sb to do a particular job by voting for them 选举；推选

◆ an elected assembly/leader/representative 选出的议会╱领导人╱代表

◆ the newly elected government 新选的政府

◆ She became the first black woman to be elected to the Senate.

她成为第一个被选进参议院的黑人妇女。

★ elect sb/sth

★elect sb to sth

★elect sb (as) sth | elect sb + noun

◆ He was elected (as) MP for Oxford East.

他被选为牛津东区的议员。

2 ( formal) to choose to do sth 选择，决定（做某事）

★ elect to do sth

◆ Increasing numbers of people elect to work from home nowadays.

现在越来越多的人选择在家工作。

ADJECTIVE

1 used aer nouns to show that sb has been chosen for a job, but is not yet

doing that job （用于名词后）当选而尚未就职的，候任的

◆ the president elect 候任总统

federal adj. 联邦制的；联邦政府的

rail n. 铁路；扶手；（护栏的）横条

percentage n. 百分比；百分率

△Los Angeles n. 洛杉矶

Italy n. 意大利

Italian n. 意大利人；意大利语adj. 意大利人的；意大利语的

Denmark n. 丹麦（北欧国家）

△Hollywood n. 好莱坞；美国电影业

boom n. （人口、贸易的）繁荣vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期

NOUN

in business/economy 商业；经济

1 a sudden increase in trade and economic activity; a period of wealth and success

（贸易和经济活动的）激增，繁荣

◆ Living standards improved rapidly during the post-war boom.

在战后那段繁荣昌盛的时期里，生活水平得到了迅速提高。

◆ Business is booming!

生意兴隆！

★ boom in sth

◆ a boom in car sales 汽车销售额的巨增

◆ a boom year(for trade, exports, etc.) （贸易、出口等）兴盛的一年

◆ a property/housing boom 房地产╱住房的迅速发展

◆ a chaotic period of boom and bust

经济繁荣与经济萧条交替出现的混乱时期

n. ? see also baby boom 婴儿潮

2 popular period 风靡期

◆ The only way to satisfy the golf boom was to build more courses.

满足这场高尔夫球热的唯一途径是增建球场。

4 [usually singular ] a loud deep sound 深沉的响声

◆ the distant boom of the guns 远处隆隆的炮声

?see also sonic boom音爆，声震

VERB

1 [intransitive ] to make a loud deep sound 轰鸣；轰响

◆ Outside, thunder boomed and crashed.

外面雷声隆隆，霹雳炸响。

2 [transitive , intransitive ] to say sth in a loud deep voice 以低沉有力的声音说话

+ speech

◆ ?Get out of my sight!? he boomed. “别让我再见到你！”#续

写他低沉而有力地说。#续写

boom (out)

◆ A voice boomed out from the darkness. #续写

黑暗中传来低沉有力的嗓音。#续写

◆ He had a booming voice. 他的嗓音低沉洪亮。

aircra n. 飞行器；航空器；飞机

△Cambodian n. 柬埔寨人；柬埔寨语

Korea n. 韩国；朝鲜

Korean n. 韩国/朝鲜人；朝鲜/韩语adj. 韩国（人/语）的；朝鲜（人/语）的Pakistan n. 巴基斯坦

Pakistani adj. 巴基斯坦（人）的n. 巴基斯坦人

racial adj. 人种的；种族的

crossing n. 横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道

vice n. & adj. 代理；副职

nephew n. 侄子；外甥

pole n. 地极；电极；磁极

applicant n. 申请人

★ applicant for sth

a person who makes a formal request for sth (= applies for it), especially for a

job, a place at a college or university, etc.

申请人（尤指求职、进高等学校等）

◆ There were over 500 applicants for the job. 有 500 多人申请这份工作。customs n. 海关；关税；进口税

★to pay customs on sth为某物缴纳关

税◆ customs duty/duties 进口税

socialist n. 社会主义者；社会党人adj. 社会主义者的

socialism n. 社会主义

occur vi. 发生；出现

1 [intransitive ] ( formal) to happen 发生；出现

◆ When exactly did the incident occur?

这一事件究竟是什么时候发生的？

◆ Something unexpected occurred.

发生了一件出乎意料的事。

2 [intransitive ] + adv./prep. to exist or be found somewhere 存在于；出现在

◆ Sugar occurs naturally in fruit.

水果天然含糖分。

PHRASAL VERB

★ occur to sb

(of an idea or a thought 观念或想法 ) to come into your mind 被想到；出现在头脑中

◆ The idea occurred to him in a dream. #续写

这个主意是他在梦中想到的。#续写

★ occur to do sth

◆ It didn't occur to her to ask for help.

她没想到请别人帮忙。

cattle n. 牛（总称）

a herd of cattle 一群牛

twenty head of cattle (= twenty cows) 二十头

牛△Hispanic n. （美）讲西班牙语的美国人

indicate vt. 指出；指示；表明；暗示

1 [transitive , intransitive ] to show that sth is true or exists 表明；标示；显示

★ indicate sth

◆ Record profits in the retail market indicate a boom in the economy.

零售市场上有史以来的最高利润显示出经济的突飞猛进。

★ indicate that…

◆ Research indicates that eating habits are changing fast.

研究显示，饮食习惯正迅速改变。

◆ Kingston-upon-Thames, as the name indicates, is situated on the banks

of the Thames.

泰晤士河畔金斯顿区，正如其名称所示，位于泰晤士河畔。

★ indicate how, what etc…

◆ Our results indicate how misleading it could be to rely on this method.

我们的结果表明，依赖这种方法可能产生多么严重的误导。

2 [transitive ] to be a sign of sth; to show that sth is possible or likely 象征；暗示

◆ A red sky at night oen indicates fine weather the next day.

夜空呈红色往往预兆第二天天气晴朗。

◆ Early results indicate that the government will be returned to power.

早期的结果预示这个政府将重新执政。

3 [transitive ] to mention sth, especially in an indirect way 暗示；间接提及；示意★ indicate to sb that …

◆ In his letter he indicated to us (that) he was willing to cooperate.

他在信中向我们透露他愿意合作。

★indicate sth (to sb)

◆ He indicated his willingness to cooperate.

他暗示愿意合作。

◆ Has she indicated yet whether she would like to be involved?

她表明了她是否愿意参加吗？

?synonyms at declare

[transitive ] to state sth firmly and clearly 表明；宣称；断言

4 [transitive ] ( formal) to make sb notice sb/sth, especially by pointing or moving your head 指示；指出

★ indicate sb/sth (to sb)

◆ She took out a map and indicated the quickest route to us.

她拿出一张地图，给我们指出最快捷的路线。

★ indicate where, which, etc…

◆ He indicated where the furniture was to go.

他指示了家具要如何摆放。

5 [transitive ] indicatesth ( formal) to represent information without using words 显示（信息）；标示

◆ The results are indicated in Table 2.

结果列在表2中。

6 [transitive ] ( formal) to give information in writing 写明；注出

◆ You are allowed 20kgs of baggage unless indicated otherwise on your ticket.除非票上另有注明，否则可携带行李为20公斤。

◆ Please indicate clearly which colour you require.

请标明您要求的颜色。

7 [intransitive , transitive ] ( BrE) to show that your vehicle is going to change direction, by using lights or your arm

（用灯光或手臂）打行车转向信号

◆ Always indicate before moving into another lane.

开入其他车道前一定要打转向灯。

◆ He indicated le and then turned right.

他打出的是左转信号，然后却向右转了。

8 [transitive , usually passive ] indicatesth ( formal) to be necessary or recommended

有必要；被建议

◆ A course of chemotherapy was indicated.建议进行化疗。

luggage n. 行李（<美>baggage）

shave vt. & vi. (shaved; shaved, shaven) 刮；

剃△cable n. 缆绳；绳索；电缆

△cable car 缆车；（美）有轨缆

车△Andrew Hallidie 安德鲁·海

利迪 tram n. （有轨）电车

apparent adj. 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的

1[not usually before noun ] easy to see or understand 显而易见；明白易懂；

显然 SYN ——→ obvious

◆ Their devotion was apparent.

他们的忠诚显而易见。

◆ Then, for no apparent reason,the train suddenly stopped.

接着，不知什么原因，火车突然停了下来。

★ apparent from sth that…

◆ It was apparent from her face that she was really upset.

从面容上一眼就可以看出她确实心绪烦乱。

★ apparent to sb that…

◆ It soon became apparent to everyone that he couldn't sing.

很快大家就看出来他不会唱歌。

?synonyms ——→ clear\ illustrate

2 [usually before noun ] that seems to be real or true but may not be 貌似的；

表面上的；未必真实的SYN ——→ seeming

◆ My parents were concerned at my apparent lack of enthusiasm for school.

我看来对上学不感兴趣，使父母担心。

apparently adv. 显然地；显而易见地

brake n. 闸；刹车；制动器vi. & vt. 刹（车）；用制动器减速

conductor n. （公车）售票员；列车员；（乐队）指挥

slip vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤 n. 滑动；滑倒

1 [intransitive ] slip(over) to slide a short distance by accident so that you

fall or nearly fall 滑倒；滑跤

◆ She slipped over on the ice and broke her leg.

她在冰上滑倒把腿摔断了。

◆ As I ran up the stairs, my foot slipped and I fell.

我跑上楼梯时失脚摔倒了。

2 [intransitive ] (+ adv./prep.) to slide out of position or out of your hand 滑落；滑离；脱落

◆ His hat had slipped over one eye.