中考英语句型转换专题复习5
句型转换
句型转换这一题型是先给出一个句子，然后再给出一个包含几个空白处的句子，要求根据括号内的详尽要求在第二句的空白处填入合适的词来完成。它有完全的句式转换和句子中某一部分或几部分的转换。该题型主要考查同学们的语言基础知识及句子结构的构成、变化、运用等。其特点是规律性强、灵活性小，旨在考查考生用例外的句型结构来表达相同、相近或相反的语意的能力，训练灵活运用语言的技巧。
从题型上看，句型转换可分为两大类：
一是按要求改写句子。即按照指定要求将原句改写成其他形式的句子，如肯定句改为否定句，陈述句改为大凡疑问句、分外疑问句、反意疑问句、感叹句，对划线部分提问等。
另一类是同义句、近义句的转换，即要求用例外的句型，例外的语言手段表达相同的思想。
本期我们先来看看按要求改写句子的详尽情况。同义句、近义句的转换我们将在下一期做详细介绍。
按要求改写句子
按要求改写句子的详尽分类如下：
一、肯定句改为否定句
1. 改变谓语结构
在系动词be, become, feel, smell等，助动词be, have, do等以及情态动词can, may,should等后加not。如果句子的谓语中不是以上这些词，而是行为动词，则相应地将动词的原形，第三人称单数或过去式变为否定形式。如：
He has seen the film before.
—He hasn ' t seen the film before.
He will write the book in two months.
宀 He won ' t write the book in two mon ths.
He does his homework in the evening.
—He doesn ' t do his homework in the evening.
2 .用含否定意义的词(如never, nothing, nobody, none, neither, little, few 等)。
(1)always / ever — never, and。如r:
He was always late for school last term.
—He was never late for school last term.
(2)too —not …either, already —not。如fet
He goes to school by bike, too.
—He doesn ' ttgooschool by bike, either.
(3)all —none, both —neither, both …and—neithe,此时b,谓语动词仍用肯定形式，但当neither作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；“neither…no连接
两个主语时，谓语动词应和靠近它的主语保持一致。如:
He knows all of the workers here.
—He knows none of the workers here.
Both of the twins are from England.
—Neither of the twins is from England.
3. 当think, believe, suppose等动词后面跟宾语从句时，通常用否定主句的谓语动词来达到否定从句谓语动词的目的。如:
I think they can come tonight.
—I don ' t think they can come tonight.
二、陈述句改为疑问句
1. 大凡疑问句
Sam often does his homework in the evening.
—Does Sam dchis homework in the eve ning?
2. 分外疑问句。
I got there the day before yesterday.
—When did you get there?
3. 反意疑问句。
Mary doesn ' t work hard.
—Mary doesn ' t work hard, does she?
注意：Let '和Let us祈使句的附加问句分别为shall we和will you。如: Let ” sgo out for a walk, shall we?
三、陈述句改为感叹句
The film is very interesting.
—How interesting the film is!
It ” s a beautiful flower.
—What a beautiful flower it is!
大凡情况下，what 引导的感叹句和how 引导的感叹句可相互转换。如：
How nice the watch is! —What a nice watch it is!
四、对划线部分提问
就划线部分提问，是用一个适合的疑问词去替代句中的某一成分，使之成为一个分外问句。
其方法主要是：先依据语意选择相应的疑问词和疑问句语序，句末改用问号。这时我们要注意以下几点：
（1）选择恰当的疑问词。
（2）对主语或主语的定语提问时，用陈述句语序。对定语提问时，所修饰的名词应放在疑问词后。
（3）对其它成分提问，用“疑问词＋大凡疑问句”语序。如：
My grandpa has been in Shanxi for ten years.
—Who has been in Shanxi for ten years?
Lily 's dog has lost.
—Whose dog has lost?
Emma bought one dictionary yesterday.
—How many dictionaries did Emma buy yesterday?
句型转换设题广，部分试题难度较大，这就要求同学们有结壮的语言基本功和烂熟的解题技巧。
对于按要求改写句子的试题：首先应注意“要求”的内容；二是要注意选词的确凿；三是要注意各种句型的分外点；四是要注意大小写和拼写的正确。如：
1. The maths problem is too difficult for him to work out. （改为复合句）The maths problem is _____ difficult _____ he can ' t work it out.
2. The surfers both won first prize in the city surfing competition.（改为否定句）
____ _____ the surfers won first prize in the city surfing competition.
3. I think the fastest way to travel is by plane.（改为分外疑问句）
___ do you think the fastest way to travel _____ ?
4. Miss Li showed us a picture of the feathered dinosaur（. 改为被动语态）We __ ___ a picture of the feathered dinosaur by Miss Li.
答案与简析：
1. too …to（?太?…而不能）=so…that…nO如此以致?…不 ...... ）, 所以，应该填so, that。
2. 从转换后的句式中没有明确的否定词not 可知不能用助动词加not 的形式来完成。再根据both的反义词是neither，主语又是the surfers,因此应填Neither of。
3?本题实际上是对“ by plane提问，改换后的句子只是缺少了“ is by pla ne 因此，该将“by plane改为“what，后一个空用“is”
4. 由showed确定要用大凡过去时的被动语态，故填were shown / showed。