名词用法

Unit 1 Nouns: Number, Genitive & Subject-Verb Concord(名词的数、格与主谓一致)

§1.1 复合名词的复数形式

【1】有主体名词时，只需将主体名词变为复数。

a)daughter-in-law daughters-in-law

b)runner-up runners-up(亚军)

c)looker-on lookers-on(旁观者)

d)editor-in-chief editors-in-chief

【2】无主体名词时，就在其词尾加上s。

a)go-between go betweens(中间人)

b)grown-up grown-ups

c)stand-by stand-bys(可依赖的人)

d)breakthrough breakthroughs

【3】数词与名词可构成复合形容词，用作定语，此时复合形容词中的名词只用单数，两个词之间有连字符。a-second-year student

§1.2 名词属格

名词属格有-…s和of-两种表现形式，一般-…s用于表示有生命的名词，of-用于表示无生命的名词。但有时无生命名词的属格仍可用-…s：

【1】表示价值、时间、距离、重量和数量等名词。

a)ten cents‟ stamp three days‟ absence

b) a mile‟s distance a ton‟s weight

c) a month‟s time ten minutes‟ walk

【2】表示国家、大洲、海洋、江河、城镇等地理名称及天体、地区、场所等名词。

a)Asia‟s future the world‟s population

b)Beijing‟s weather the hotel‟s entrance

c)China‟s development

【3】拟人化的名词。

a)the science‟s power duty‟s call

【4】名词的属格也可用于表示店铺、家、建筑物。常省略后面被修饰的名词，而独立使用；有时为了避免重复也省略后面的词。

a)the barber‟s 理发店the baker‟s 面包店Queen‟s 女王学院

b)Mr Wang‟s St. Paul‟s 圣保罗大教堂the tailor‟s 服装店

c)the gropcer‟s 杂货店the stationer‟s 文具店

【5】习惯用语

a)At arm‟s length 在触手可及的地方for convenience‟s sake 为方便起见

b)For heaven‟s sake 天呐，千万at bird‟s view 鸟瞰

【6】双重属格

a)通常表示部分关系。

i. A friend of my father‟s (one of my father‟s friends)

ii.Some shirts of Bob‟s

iii.Two relatives of mine

b)双重属格可用a, any, some及数词等修饰of 前面的名词，但不能用the！

c)注意双重属格和of-属格的不同含义。

i. A picture of Mr Smith 史密斯先生的照片。（指他本人的照片）

ii. A picture of Mr Smith‟s 史密斯先生的照片之一。（指他本人的，或他收藏但不一定是他本人的照片之一）

d)双重属格还常用this, that, those, no, any等修饰of前的名词，以表示说话人爱恨褒

贬等感情色彩。

i.I love this painting of yours.

ii.Go and wash those dirty shoes of yours.

iii.This is no fault of Mr Brown‟s.

iv.Any idea of yours will be seriously considered.

§1.3 主谓一致

指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”的方面的一致关系。

【1】语法一致（Grammatical Concord）

根据语法形式确定谓语形式。

He who cheats on exams will be kicked out of the school. There come two buses.

主语是单数，后跟如下修饰语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

Accompanied by along with

As well as besides

But

combined with Except

in addition to Including like

Unlike

no less than With together with Rather than

The actress, along with her manager and some friends, is going to a party tonight.

The bus driver as well as several passengers has survived the accident.

※注意：one of those who/that+(pl.)

the only one of those who/that+(sing.)

I was one of those persons who were luckily interviewed by the director himself.

She is the only one of those girls who likes football in our class.

【2】意义一致（Notional Concord）

1.集体名词表整体时，谓语用单数；如表成员则用复数。

常用的有：army, audience, board, class, club, committee, company, crowd, couple, enemy, family, firm, flock, gang, government, group, jury, party, personnel, public, staff, team, troop, organization, union等。

a)Our team is sure to win the game.

b)The team are driving to the game in their own cars. 队员们自己驾车来参加比赛。

c)The committee consists of 12 members.

d)The committee haven‟t reached any agreement yet. 委员们还没有达成一致意见。

2. 有些集合名词形式上是单数，而意义上是复数。

常见的由：people, police, folk, mankind, clergy, youth, militia, cattle, poultry, crew, vermin等。