壳管式干式蒸发器设计说明书

毕业设计（论文）

题目名称：50kW壳管式干式蒸发器设计

学院名称：能源与环境学院

班级：

学号：

学生姓名：

指导教师：

2014年5月

论文编号：201001124130

50kW壳管式干式蒸发器设计

50kW tubular DX evaporator design

学院名称：能源与环境学院

班级：

学号：

学生姓名：

指导教师：

2014年5月

摘要

换热器是化工生产中重要的设备之一，它是一种冷热流体间传递热量的设备，其中壳管式换热器应用最为广泛。

本设计为壳管式干式蒸发器的设计，换热器类型选择为U型管式换热器。U型管式换热器仅有一个管板，两端均固定于同一管板上，管子可以自由伸缩，无热应力，热补偿性能好；管程采用双管程，流程较长，流速较高，传热性能较好，承压能力强，结构比较简单、价格便宜，适用于管、壳壁温差较大或者壳程介质易结垢需要清洗又不适宜采用浮头式和固定管板式的场合，特别适用于管内走清洁而不易结垢的高温、高压、腐蚀性强的物料。U型管式换热器的主要结构包括管箱、筒体、封头、换热管、接管、折流板、防冲板和导流筒、防短路结构、支座及管壳程的其他附件等。

随着国家对节能产品的提倡，满液式机组也越来越受到欢迎。满液式机组与普通冷水机组的区别就在于蒸发器采用了满液式蒸发器，而普通冷水机组采用干式蒸发器。满液式蒸发器与干式蒸发器二者的明显区别在于制冷剂流程的不同，满液式蒸发器制冷剂走壳程，制冷剂从壳体下部进入，在传热管外流动并受热沸腾，蒸汽从壳体上部排出。干式蒸发器中制冷剂走管程，即制冷剂从端盖下部进入传热管束，在管内流动受热蒸发，蒸汽从端盖上部排出。

换热器作为传热设备随处可见，在工业中应用非常普遍，特别是耗能用量十分大的领域，随着节能技术的飞速发展，换热器的种类开发越来越多。关键词：干式蒸发器，U型管式换热器，结构，设计计算

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Abstract

Heat exchanger is one of the important equipment in chemical industry ，it transfer heat between cold and heat fluid. In this heat exchanger the tubular heat exchanger is most widely used.

This design is a tubular DX evaporator. The type of the heat exchanger is the U type heat exchanger. U type heat exchanger with a tube plate, both ends of which are fixed on the same tube plates, tubes can be freely telescopic, thermal stress, thermal compensation performance is good; tube with double tube pass, longer process, the flow velocity is higher, the heat transfer performance is good, strong bearing ability, simple structure, cheap price, applied to the tube, the larger temperature difference between the shell wall or shell pass medium easy scaling needs cleaning and not suitable for floating head type and fixed tube plate occasions, especially suitable for the tube away clean and not easy to scale the high temperature, high pressure, strong corrosive materials. U type heat exchanger main structure consists of a tube box, cylinder, head, tube, pipe, baffle plate, front panel and draft tube, short circuit protection structure, support and other accessories such as pipe shell.

Flooded chiller is being more and more popular with our government’s promotion of energy saving products．The major difference between flooded chiller and normal chiller is their evaporator installed inside，flooded evaporator was installed in flooded chiller while DX evaporator in normal chiller．The obvious difference of these two kinds of chillers is their refrigeration passes．In the flooded chiller，refrigerant runs into shell from the bottom，then flows outside of heat exchanging piping，being heated and boiled，turns into vapor and being discharged from the top of shel1．In DX evaporator，refrigerant runs inside tubes．It enters tube bundles from the bottom of end cover，flows inside the tubes，being heated and evaporates，then being discharged from top of end cover．

Heat exchanger is wide used in industry，special in energy consumption field. As energy-saving technology moving,，more serious heart exchanger will appear. Keywords：DX evaporator，U type heat exchanger，structure，design and calculation