青年去势及老龄雌性大鼠骨质疏松模型比较及其临床护理意义

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青年去势及老龄雌性大鼠骨质疏松模型比较及其临床护理意义

张银萍1,郭雄23,张增铁2,耿冬2

摘要:目的建立青年去势及老龄雌性大鼠骨质疏松模型,探讨两种雌性大鼠骨质疏松模型骨组织微观结构、骨矿及骨

负荷改变情况及潜在机制,为女性骨质疏松的临床护理干预寻找相应的理论依据。方法32只1月龄雌性Sprague Dawley (SD )大鼠,同等条件下饲养,饲养至4个月按体重随机分成青年去势及假手术对照组大鼠16只、老龄雌性及对照组大鼠16只,进行去势及老龄骨质疏松造模。比较青年去势组(Ovariectomized rats ,8只,OVX 组)和老龄骨质疏松组(Senile Female Osteoporotic Rats ,8只,SF 组)大鼠骨质改变情况。结果OVX 组大鼠去卵巢8周出现骨质疏松改变,SF 组大鼠22月龄自然衰老出现骨质疏松改变。OVX 组骨小梁宽度显著大于SF 组(P <0.05);两组模型之间腰椎及股骨密度差异不显著(均P >0.05),但OVX 组股骨最大负荷显著高于SF 组(P <0.01);OVX 组骨钙水平显著高于SF 组(P <0.01),但两组血钙水平差异不显著(P >0.05)。结论4月龄大鼠去卵巢8周以及自然饲养22月龄雌性大鼠可分别作为女性绝经后及老年女性骨质疏松的模型。老龄骨质疏松模型在骨微观结构、骨生物力学特性、骨矿水平含量方面的负性改变更甚于青年去势模型,提示对女性骨质疏松症患者的护理干预措施应侧重于不同年龄阶段及骨代谢特点进行。关键词:骨质疏松症;　骨密度;　大鼠;　雌性;　骨质疏松模型;　去势;　老龄;　护理中图分类号:R473.5;R 2332 文献标识码:A 文章编号:100124152(2008)2320001204

Comparison of the Ovariectomized and Senile Female R ats Model for Osteoporosis ∥Z HA N G Yin ping ,GUO X iong ,Z HA N G Zengtie ,GEN G Dong ∥(Facult y of N ursing ,Medical College of X i ’an J iaotong Universit y ,X i ’an 710061,China )

Abstract :Objective To comprehend the changes in bone microstucture ,bone mineral components and bone load for os 2teoporosis ,and to explore the underlying mechanism by establishing the young ovariectomized and senile female rat os 2teoporosis models ,so as to provide theoretical basis for nursing interventions for postmenopausal and aged females.Methods Thirty two Sprague Dawley (SD )female rats were fed under the same conditions till 4months and randomly divided into two parts according to weight :8rats in Ovareictomized (OVX )group and 8in Sham 2ovariectomized (Sham OVX )group were used to establish postmenopausal osteoporosis model ,and the other 16rats were equally divided into a senile female (SF )osteoporosis group and a youth control group.Bone measurements such as bone microstructure ,bone mineral density (BMD )and maximal load were compared between OVX rats and SF rats.R esults Subjects in the OVX group showed osteoporosis 8weeks after ovariectomy ,while rats in the SF group manifested osteoporosis at 22months.The microstructure of bone trabecular width showed significant difference between the OVX and the SF group (P <0.05),while the BMD of lumbar spine and femur had no significant differences.The maximal load and femoral bone calcium level were significantly higher in the OVX rats than those in the SF group (P <0.01for both ),while the serum calcium level showed no significant difference (P >0.05).Conclusion Four months old female rats ovariectomized for 8weeks and the 222month old female rats fed naturally could serve as postmenopausal osteoporosis model and senile female osteoporosis model respectively.The specific changes in bone microstructure ,bone biomechanical properties and bone minerals of the two models imply that nursing interventions should be emphasized according to different bone me 2tabolism.

K ey w ords :osteoporosis ;　bone mineral density ;　rat ;　female ;　osteoporosis models ;　ovariectomy ;　senile fe 2male ;　nursing

作者单位:西安交通大学医学院1.护理系2.骨病研究室(陕西西安,

710061)

张银萍(19712),女,博士在读,讲师;3通讯作者科研项目:陕西省国际合作重点项目(2005KW 213)收稿:2008208201;修回:2008209206

骨质疏松是一种常见的骨骼疾病,以骨量减少、骨组织超微结构破坏为主要特征,使骨脆性增加并易于发生骨折[1]。目前,全世界约有2亿人患骨质疏松症,其发病率已跃居各种常见疾病的第7位。50岁

以上妇女发生骨质疏松性骨折的危险性甚至高于其发生乳癌、卵巢癌和子宫内膜癌三者累积的危险性[2]。妇女进入围绝经期后,雌激素分泌迅速下降,骨量随之降低,发生骨质疏松的危险亦随之增加;又随着老年女性人口的日益增多,因而关注女性骨质疏松的发生具有重要的实践意义。利用有效动物模型探讨绝经后及老年女性骨质疏松改变的基本情况,能从疾病发生的基本机制层面提供有效护理干预的理论基础,并为进一步干预提供模型参考。