英语动物感情

Most people,raised on Disney versions of sentient and passionate beasts,simply confirm their suspicions that animals can feel intense,humanlike emotions.

很多人，由于深受迪斯尼卡通片中感性多情的动物形象的影响，会说这两个真实的故事更加证实了他们认为动物有人类般强烈情感的看法。

For their part,the nation’s 61 minllion pet owners need no convincing at all that pet dogs and cats can feel angry, morose,elated—even jealous or embarrassed.

从他们的角度来看，全国六千一百万拥有宠物的人完全不需要提供什么证据来证实宠物狗和宠物猫会生气、郁闷、得意洋洋——甚至会嫉妒或困窘。

Recent studies,in fields as distant as ethology and neurobiology,are supporting this popular belief. 最近在动物行为学和神经生物学之类的边缘学科的研究证实了这种普遍看法。

Other evidenc is merely anecdotal, especially for pets—dogs that become depressed,or even die,after losing a beloved companion,for instance.

其他的证据只是些轶事趣闻，特别是一些有关宠物的事，例如狗会在失去心爱的同伴后，变得沮丧，甚至死去。

恐惧感

Even the most strident skeptics of animal passion agree that many creatures experience fear.

甚至连那些对动物情感论持绝对怀疑态度的人也承认，许多动物有恐惧感

Essential to escape predators and other dangers,fear—and its preictable flight,fight,or freeze responses—seems to be hard-wired into many species.

恐惧及其可以预见的逃跑、搏斗或者呆住不动的反应，是逃避食肉动物和其他危险所必需的，它看起来好像是许多动物与生俱来的本领。

Young geese that have never before seen a predator, for example,will run for cover if a hawk-shaped silhouette passes overhead.

例如，以前从未见过食肉动物的小鹅如果看到形状像老鹰一样的黑影从头顶掠过就会马上跑去寻找藏身处。

The shape of a nonpredatory bird, on the other hand, elivits no such response.

而另一方面，非食肉鸟的形状就不会引发这样的反应。

开心

One of the most obvious animal emotions is pleasure.

动物最显而易见的情感之一就是快乐。

Anyone who has ever held a purring cat or been greeted by a bounding,barking, tail-wagging dog knows that animals often appear to be happy.

养过会发出咕噜声的小猫，或者受到过边跳边叫、摇着尾巴的小狗欢迎的人，就知道动物看起来常常十分快乐。

Beastly joy seems particularly apparent when the animals are playing with one another or sometimes ,in the case of pets , with people.

动物相互嬉戏的时候，或有时跟人一起玩耍时（就宠物而言），它们的快乐好像会变得特别明显。

Virtually all young mammals,as well as some birds, play,as do adults of many species such as our own

事实上，所有幼小的哺乳动物和某些鸟类都会嬉戏玩耍，正如很多种类的成年动物一样，包

括人类也是如此。

Young dolphins, for instance,routinely chase each other through the water like frolicsome puppies and have been observed riding the wokes of boats like uerfers.

例如，小海豚就像爱闹着玩的小狗，常常在水中互相追逐。人们常常看到它们像冲浪运动员般追逐在船后的浪花上。

悲伤

Grief also seems to be common in the wild , particularly follwoing the death of a mate,parent,offspring ,or even close companion.

在野生动物中，悲伤似乎也很常见，尤其是在失去了配偶、双亲、幼崽，甚至是亲密同伴的时候。

Female sea lions witnessing their pups being eaten by killer whales are known to actuslly wail.

比如，当母海狮目击了自己的小海狮被逆戟鲸吃掉时，会发出哀号。

When a gooes , which mates for life,loses its partner,the bird’s head and body droop dejectedly.

一生只有一个配偶的天鹅失去配偶时，会沮丧地垂着头和身体。

Goodall,who saw the young chimp Flint starve after his mother died , maintains that the animal”died of grief”

古多尔亲眼看到小黑猩猩弗林特在母亲死后饿死，他坚持说小黑猩猩是“死于悲伤”。

大象

Elephants may be nature’s best-known mourners

大象可能是大自然最著名的哀悼者了。

Elephants trying to revive dead or dying family members,as well as standing quietly beside an animal’s remains for many days,periodically reaching out and touching the body with their trunks. 大象试图使死去的或将要死去的家庭成员复活，还会很多天静静地站在尸体旁，不时地伸出长鼻触动一下尸体。

I. Group Discussion

Work in a group of four. Make out a list of animal names as long as you can.

Herbivorous animals:horse, cattle, ox, donkey, rabbit, sheep, goat,…

Carnivorous animals:wolf, lion, tiger, fox, …

Fowl: chicken, duck, goos e, peacock, bird, …

Reptiles:snake, crocodile, …

Aquatic animals:fish, whale, crab, …

Others:pig, monkey, …

II. Pair Work

Discuss with your partner the following questions.

Viewpoints can be used in the pair discussion: